51
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Dual Rinse® HEDP increases the surface tension of NaOCl but may increase its dentin disinfection efficacy. Odontology 2019; 107:521-529. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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52
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Morago A, Ruiz‐Linares M, Ferrer‐Luque CM, Baca P, Rodríguez Archilla A, Arias‐Moliz MT. Dentine tubule disinfection by different irrigation protocols. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:558-563. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morago
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Matilde Ruiz‐Linares
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | | | - Pilar Baca
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
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53
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Bouillaguet S, Manoil D, Girard M, Louis J, Gaïa N, Leo S, Schrenzel J, Lazarevic V. Root Microbiota in Primary and Secondary Apical Periodontitis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2374. [PMID: 30356779 PMCID: PMC6189451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the dental periradicular tissues triggered by bacteria colonizing necrotic root canals. Primary apical periodontitis results from the microbial colonization of necrotic pulp tissues. Secondary apical periodontitis results from a persistent infection of incorrectly treated root canals. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiota present in primary and secondary intraradicular infections associated with apical periodontitis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Teeth exhibiting apical periodontitis with or without root canal treatment were extracted after informed consent. From each tooth, the intraradicular content as well as a dentin sample (control) were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. PCR amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were pooled and sequenced (2 × 300) on an Illumina MiSeq instrument. The bioinformatics analysis pipeline included quality filtering, merging of forward and reverse reads, clustering of reads into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), removal of putative contaminant OTUs and assigning taxonomy. The most prevalent and abundant OTU in both dentin and root canal samples was assigned to anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of microbiota by sample type (dentin vs. intraradicular content) and, in root canals, by pathology (primary vs. secondary infection). The proportions of Enterococcus faecalis and F. nucleatum were, respectively, higher and lower when comparing secondary to primary infected root canals. Co-occurrence network analysis provided evidence of microbial interactions specific to the infection type. The identification of bacterial taxa differentially abundant in primary and secondary intraradicular infections may provide the basis for targeted therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing the incidence of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Bouillaguet
- Endodontics Unit, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Endodontics Unit, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justine Louis
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Leo
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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54
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Zargar N, Rayat Hosein Abadi M, Sabeti M, Yadegari Z, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Dianat O. Antimicrobial efficacy of clindamycin and triple antibiotic paste as root canal medicaments on tubular infection: An in vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2018; 45:86-91. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Zargar
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sabeti
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Oral Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory Dental School Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
- Proteomics Research Center Department of Basic Sciences School of Rehabilitation Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran Iran
| | - Omid Dianat
- Endodontic Division School of Dentistry University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
- Iranian Center For Endodontic Research Research Institute of Dental Sciences Dental School Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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55
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Deciphering Endodontic Microbial Communities by Next-generation Sequencing. J Endod 2018; 44:1080-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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56
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Sánchez-Sanhueza G, Bello-Toledo H, González-Rocha G, Gonçalves AT, Valenzuela V, Gallardo-Escárate C. Metagenomic study of bacterial microbiota in persistent endodontic infections using Next-generation sequencing. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1336-1348. [PMID: 29786880 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the bacterial microbiota in root canals associated with persistent apical periodontitis and their relationship with the clinical characteristics of patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODOLOGY Bacterial samples from root canals associated with teeth having persistent apical periodontitis were taken from 24 patients undergoing root canal retreatment. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified. The amplification was deep sequenced by Illumina technology to establish the metagenetic relationships among the bacterial species identified. The composition and diversity of microbial communities in the root canal and their relationships with clinical features were analysed. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse differences between patient characteristics and microbial data. RESULTS A total of 86 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified and Good's nonparametric coverage estimator method indicated that 99.9 ± 0.00001% diversity was recovered per sample. The largest number of bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. According to the medical history from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification System, ASA II-III had higher richness estimates and distinct phylogenetic relationships compared to ASA I individuals (P < 0.05). Periapical index (PAI) score 5 was associated with increased microbiota diversity in comparison to PAI score 4, and this index was reduced in symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to suggest a close relationship between several clinical features and greater microbiota diversity with persistent endodontic infections. This work provides a better understanding on how microbial communities interact with their host and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - H Bello-Toledo
- Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - G González-Rocha
- Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - A T Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - V Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Illumina MiSeq Sequencing for Preliminary Analysis of Microbiome Causing Primary Endodontic Infections in Egypt. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:2837328. [PMID: 29849646 PMCID: PMC5903297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2837328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high throughput next generation technologies has allowed more comprehensive analysis than traditional Sanger sequencing. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of primary endodontic infections using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform in Egyptian patients. Samples were collected from 19 patients in Suez Canal University Hospital (Endodontic Department) using sterile # 15K file and paper points. DNA was extracted using Mo Bio power soil DNA isolation extraction kit followed by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. The microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq device. MOTHUR software was used in sequence filtration and analysis of sequenced data. A total of 1858 operational taxonomic units at 97% similarity were assigned to 26 phyla, 245 families, and 705 genera. Four main phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Synergistetes were predominant in all samples. At genus level, Prevotella, Bacillus, Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides were the most abundant. Illumina MiSeq platform sequencing can be used to investigate oral microbiome composition of endodontic infections. Elucidating the ecology of endodontic infections is a necessary step in developing effective intracanal antimicrobials.
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58
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Microbial Analysis of Endodontic Infections in Root-filled Teeth with Apical Periodontitis before and after Irrigation Using Pyrosequencing. J Endod 2018; 44:372-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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59
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Frequency and levels of candidate endodontic pathogens in acute apical abscesses as compared to asymptomatic apical periodontitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190469. [PMID: 29293651 PMCID: PMC5749828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute apical abscess is caused by bacteria that leave the infected dental root canal to invade the periodontal tissues. Most species occurring in abscesses are also found in asymptomatic infections; therefore, the possibility exists that not only the presence of certain species but also their specific counts influence the appearance of symptoms. This molecular study compared the frequency and levels of several candidate endodontic pathogens in teeth with acute apical abscesses and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods Samples were taken from the root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (n = 73) and by aspiration of purulent exudate from acute abscesses (n = 55). DNA was extracted from samples and bacterial identifications were performed by a closed-ended semi-quantitative reverse-capture checkerboard approach targeting 40 bacterial species/phylotypes. Results Bacterial DNA was detected in all cases. In abscesses, the most prevalent taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (60%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (53%), Parvimonas micra (51%), and Streptococcus species (45%). The most frequently detected taxa in asymptomatic teeth were P. endodontalis (63%), Dialister invisus (58%), Olsenella uli (56%), and F. nucleatum (51%). None of the targeted taxa were significantly associated with abscesses when only mere presence was evaluated (p>0.05). However, semi-quantitative data demonstrated that P. endodontalis, Prevotella baroniae, Treponema denticola and Streptococcus species were significantly more frequent at levels >105 in abscesses than in asymptomatic cases (p<0.05). Conclusion None of the target species/phylotypes were associated with abscesses in terms of frequency. However, some taxa were significantly found in higher levels in abscesses. Presence of a potentially virulent pathogen in high counts may increase the collective pathogenicity of the bacterial community and give rise to symptoms.
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60
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Pourhajibagher M, Ghorbanzadeh R, Bahador A. Culture-dependent approaches to explore the prevalence of root canal pathogens from endodontic infections. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e108. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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61
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Clinical and microbiological effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on primary endodontic infections: a 6-month randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1751-1761. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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62
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Rossato TCDA, Gallas JA, da Rosa WLO, da Silva AF, Piva E, Peralta SL, Lund RG. Experimental Sealers Containing Metal Methacrylates: Physical and Biological Properties. J Endod 2017; 43:1725-1729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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63
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Kugaji MS, Bhat KG, Joshi VM, Pujar M, Mavani PT. Simplified Method of Detection of Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli in Oral Cavity Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2229411217729105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The oral microbial flora is highly complex and diverse with obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant component. Most of these are not yet cultivated/difficult to cultivate due to technical limitations. In this study, we aim to detect two novel oral bacterial species Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli by simplified and economical procedure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and study their association with primary and persistent endodontic infections. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 patients that included 30 patients of primary endodontic infections and 30 with persistent endodontic infections. The sample collection from the root canal was performed by universally accepted protocol by using sterile paper points. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was done, followed by PCR with species specific primers. We made several changes to the protocol mentioned by original authors. We adopted a one-step protocol for amplification of bacterial DNA, omitting the 16SrDNA amplification step with universal primers. Results: It was seen that 7 (23.3 %) samples in primary endodontic infection group and 24 (80 %) samples in persistent endodontic infection group were positive for D. invisus. On the other hand, 11 (36.6 %) patients of primary endodontic infection showed positivity for O. uli in comparison to 9 (30 %) of persistent endodontic infection. Conclusion: The results from the present study showed efficient amplification of both O. uli and D. invisus in a single-step PCR. Hence, we conclude that the modified protocol used here with taq polymerase enzyme offers a faster and cheaper alternative to nested PCR without compromising the quality of amplification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar S. Kugaji
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G. Bhat
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Maratha Mandal’s Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhu Pujar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik T. Mavani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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64
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Rabello DG, Corazza BJ, Ferreira LL, Santamaria MP, Gomes AP, Martinho FC. Does supplemental photodynamic therapy optimize the disinfection of bacteria and endotoxins in one-visit and two-visit root canal therapy? A randomized clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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65
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Pyrosequencing Analysis of Cryogenically Ground Samples from Primary and Secondary/Persistent Endodontic Infections. J Endod 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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66
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Nóbrega LMM, Montagner F, Ribeiro AC, Mayer MAP, Gomes BPFA. Molecular Identification of Cultivable Bacteria From Infected Root Canals Associated With Acute Apical Abscess. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:318-24. [PMID: 27224567 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition present in root canals of teeth associated with acute apical abscess by molecular identification (16S rRNA) of cultivable bacteria. Two hundred and twenty strains isolated by culture from 20 root canals were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (PCR), followed by sequencing. The resulting nucleotide sequences were compared to the GenBank database from the National Center of Biotechnology Information through BLAST. Strains not identified by sequencing were submitted to clonal analysis. The association of microbiological findings with clinical features and the association between microbial species were also investigated. Fifty-nine different cultivable bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belonging to 6 phyla, with an average number of 6 species per root canal. Molecular approaches allowed identification of 99% of isolates. The most frequently identified bacteria were Prevotella spp., Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Parvimonas micra, Dialister invisus, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. Positive association was found between Prevotella buccae and Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus and between Parvimonas micra and Prevotella nigrescens (both p<0.05). It was concluded that the microbiota of infected root canals associated with acute apical abscess is diverse and heterogeneous, composed mainly of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, with the great majority belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia M M Nóbrega
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba SP , Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba SP , Brazil.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil
| | - Adriana C Ribeiro
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP , Brazil
| | - Márcia A P Mayer
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP , Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba SP , Brazil
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67
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Antimicrobial activity of ProRoot MTA in contact with blood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41359. [PMID: 28128328 PMCID: PMC5269669 DOI: 10.1038/srep41359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental materials based on Portland cement, which is used in the construction industry have gained popularity for clinical use due to their hydraulic properties, the interaction with tooth tissue and their antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial properties are optimal in vitro. However in clinical use contact with blood may affect the antimicrobial properties. This study aims to assess whether antimicrobial properties of the Portland cement-based dental cements such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are also affected by contact with blood present in clinical situations. ProRoot MTA, a Portland cement-based dental cement was characterized following contact with water, or heparinized blood after 1 day and 7 days aging. The antimicrobial activity under the mentioned conditions was assessed using 3 antimicrobial tests: agar diffusion test, direct contact test and intratubular infection test. MTA in contact with blood was severely discoloured, exhibited an additional phosphorus peak in elemental analysis, no calcium hydroxide peaks and no areas of bacterial inhibition growth in the agar diffusion test were demonstrated. ProRoot MTA showed limited antimicrobial activity, in both the direct contact test and intratubular infection test. When aged in water ProRoot MTA showed higher antimicrobial activity than when aged in blood. Antimicrobial activity reduced significantly after 7 days. Further assessment is required to investigate behaviour in clinical situations.
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity may be even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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69
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Yun KH, Lee HS, Nam OH, Moon CY, Lee JH, Choi SC. Analysis of bacterial community profiles of endodontically infected primary teeth using pyrosequencing. Int J Paediatr Dent 2017; 27:56-65. [PMID: 26872127 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the endodontic microbiome in primary teeth with dental caries using high-throughput pyrosequencing and to establish data on the oral microbiome of primary teeth with endodontic infection. METHODS Ten primary teeth with dental caries and endodontic infection were included. Samples were collected from root canals using sterilized paper points and analyzed by pyrosequencing, based on the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The data were analyzed using the CLcommunity software. RESULTS Analysis of the 10 samples yielded a total of 64,291 16S rRNA gene sequences. In total, 1586 OTUs (range, 91-235), six bacterial phyla, including unclassified, and 187 genera were assigned. At the genus level, Neisseria (group A), Acinetobacter (group B), and Fusobacterium (group C) were prominent. These predominant microorganisms were associated with the clinical condition and reflected the progression of endodontic infection in primary teeth. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a relationship between the oral microbiome and endodontic infection in primary teeth. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium species were dominant in the teeth with apical abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Hee Yun
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yang Moon
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, school of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Morago A, Ordinola-Zapata R, Ferrer-Luque CM, Baca P, Ruiz-Linares M, Arias-Moliz MT. Influence of Smear Layer on the Antimicrobial Activity of a Sodium Hypochlorite/Etidronic Acid Irrigating Solution in Infected Dentin. J Endod 2016; 42:1647-1650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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71
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Persoon IF, Buijs MJ, Özok AR, Crielaard W, Krom BP, Zaura E, Brandt BW. The mycobiome of root canal infections is correlated to the bacteriome. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1871-1881. [PMID: 27771826 PMCID: PMC5442261 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Bacterial infection of the root canal system causes apical periodontitis. Less is known about the role of fungi in these infections. This study aimed to assess the fungal prevalence, abundance, and diversity of root canal infections, as well as the relation between fungi and bacteria present in different parts of the root canal. Materials and methods Twenty-six teeth with primary apical periodontitis were extracted, split in apical and coronal root segments, and cryo-pulverized. Bacteriome profiles of 23 teeth were analyzed based on the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Mycobiome profiles of six teeth were analyzed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 or ITS2 region. Samples were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results A total of 338 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 28 ITS1 OTUs, and 24 ITS2 OTUs were identified. Candida and Malassezia were the most frequently identified fungi. No differences could be found between the bacteriome and mycobiome profiles of the apical and coronal root segments. The bacteriome of fungi-positive root segments contained more Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, four different Lactobacillus OTUs, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus. A Spearman correlation matrix between bacteriomes and mycobiomes identified no correlations, but separate clusters could be observed. Conclusions A considerable proportion of the root canal infections contain fungi, although fungal diversity is limited. However, when fungi are present, the composition of the bacteriome is clearly different. Clinical relevance Interaction between bacteria and fungi in root canal infections may complicate the infection and require alternative treatment strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00784-016-1980-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona F Persoon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet R Özok
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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72
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Nóbrega LMM, Montagner F, Ribeiro AC, Mayer MAP, Gomes BPFDA. Bacterial diversity of symptomatic primary endodontic infection by clonal analysis. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e103. [PMID: 27737357 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the bacterial diversity of 10 root canals with acute apical abscess using clonal analysis. Samples were collected from 10 patients and submitted to bacterial DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A bacterial genomic library was constructed and bacterial diversity was estimated. The mean number of taxa per canal was 15, ranging from 11 to 21. A total of 689 clones were analyzed and 76 phylotypes identified, of which 47 (61.84%) were different species and 29 (38.15%) were taxa reported as yet-uncultivable or as yet-uncharacterized species. Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis were the most frequently detected species, followed by Dialister invisus, Phocaeicola abscessus, the uncharacterized Lachnospiraceae oral clone, Porphyromonas spp., and Parvimonas micra. Eight phyla were detected and the most frequently identified taxa belonged to the phylum Firmicutes (43.5%), followed by Bacteroidetes (22.5%) and Proteobacteria (13.2%). No species was detected in all studied samples and some species were identified in only one case. It was concluded that acute primary endodontic infection is characterized by wide bacterial diversity and a high intersubject variability was observed. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes, were the most frequently detected microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Costa Ribeiro
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Oral Microbiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Alves Pinto Mayer
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Oral Microbiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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73
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Siqueira JF, Antunes HS, Rôças IN, Rachid CTCC, Alves FRF. Microbiome in the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with Post-Treatment Apical Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162887. [PMID: 27689802 PMCID: PMC5045198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacteria present in the apical root canal system are directly involved with the pathogenesis of post-treatment apical periodontitis. This study used a next-generation sequencing approach to identify the bacterial taxa occurring in cryopulverized apical root samples from root canal-treated teeth with post-treatment disease. METHODS Apical root specimens obtained during periradicular surgery of ten adequately treated teeth with persistent apical periodontitis were cryogenically ground. DNA was extracted from the powder and the microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene by using paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq device. RESULTS All samples were positive for the presence of bacterial DNA. Bacterial taxa were mapped to 11 phyla and 103 genera composed by 538 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3% of dissimilarity. Over 85% of the sequences belonged to 4 phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. In general, these 4 phyla accounted for approximately 80% of the distinct OTUs found in the apical root samples. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in 6/10 samples. Fourteen genera had representatives identified in all cases. Overall, the genera Fusobacterium and Pseudomonas were the most dominant. Enterococcus was found in 4 cases, always in relatively low abundance. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a highly complex bacterial community in the apical root canal system of adequately treated teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. This suggests that this disease is characterized by multispecies bacterial communities and has a heterogeneous etiology, because the community composition largely varied from case to case.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F. Siqueira
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique S. Antunes
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela N. Rôças
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio T. C. C. Rachid
- Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio R. F. Alves
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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74
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Sampaio-Maia B, Caldas IM, Pereira ML, Pérez-Mongiovi D, Araujo R. The Oral Microbiome in Health and Its Implication in Oral and Systemic Diseases. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 97:171-210. [PMID: 27926431 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome can alter the balance between health and disease, locally and systemically. Within the oral cavity, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses may all be found, each having a particular role, but strongly interacting with each other and with the host, in sickness or in health. A description on how colonization occurs and how the oral microbiome dynamically evolves throughout the host's life is given. In this chapter the authors also address oral and nonoral conditions in which oral microorganisms may play a role in the etiology and progression, presenting the up-to-date knowledge on oral dysbiosis as well as the known underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involving oral microorganisms in each condition. In oral pathology, oral microorganisms are associated with several diseases, namely dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, and also oral cancer. In systemic diseases, nonoral infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes are among the most prevalent pathologies linked with oral cavity microorganisms. The knowledge on how colonization occurs, how oral microbiome coevolves with the host, and how oral microorganisms interact with each other may be a key factor to understand diseases etiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I M Caldas
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - D Pérez-Mongiovi
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - R Araujo
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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75
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Chiniforush N, Pourhajibagher M, Shahabi S, Bahador A. Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota. J Lasers Med Sci 2015; 6:139-50. [PMID: 26705458 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2015.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main goal in endodontic treatment is to eradicate or at least reduce intraradicular microbial population to levels that are more compatible with periapical lesions healing process. Since endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature, intraradicular survival of endodontic microbiota and their pathogenic properties are influenced by a combination of their virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to review the endodontic microbiota and their respective virulence attributes, as well as perform a literature review of the effects of disinfection procedures in the treatment of endodontic infections to gain best practices. Conventional technique for root canal preparation includes mechanical debridement and application of antimicrobial irrigants. Recently, laser irradiation has been used to enhance the results of root canal treatment through its thermal effect. To reduce thermal side effects, laser activated irrigation (LAI) and photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) were introduced. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. Different PSs are used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin. Among different options, ICG could be the best choice due to its peak absorption at wavelength of 808 nm, which coincides with the commercial diode laser devices. Also, this wavelength has more penetration depth compared to other wavelengths used in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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