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Rego J, Crisp J, Moura A, Nouwens A, Li Y, Venus B, Corbet N, Corbet D, Burns B, Boe-Hansen G, McGowan M. Seminal plasma proteome of electroejaculated Bos indicus bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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52
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Ceciliani F, Restelli L, Lecchi C. Proteomics in farm animals models of human diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:677-88. [PMID: 24595991 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The need to provide in vivo complex environments to understand human diseases strongly relies on the use of animal models, which traditionally include small rodents and rabbits. It is becoming increasingly evident that the few species utilised to date cannot be regarded as universal. There is a great need for new animal species that are naturally endowed with specific features relevant to human diseases. Farm animals, including pigs, cows, sheep and horses, represent a valid alternative to commonly utilised rodent models. There is an ample scope for the application of proteomic techniques in farm animals, and the establishment of several proteomic maps of plasma and tissue has clearly demonstrated that farm animals provide a disease environment that closely resembles that of human diseases. The present review offers a snapshot of how proteomic techniques have been applied to farm animals to improve their use as biomedical models. Focus will be on specific topics of biomedical research in which farm animal models have been characterised through the application of proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Mammary Gland, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sousa FML, Lobo CH, Menezes ESB, Rego JPA, Oliveira RV, Lima-Souza AC, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, Pompeu RCFF, Cândido MJD, Oliveira JT, Moura AA. Parameters of the reproductive tract, spermatogenesis, daily sperm production and major seminal plasma proteins of tropically adapted morada nova rams. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:409-19. [PMID: 24716618 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the reproductive parameters of Morada Nova rams, a breed of hair sheep from Brazil and with unique adaption to tropical environments. At 42 weeks of age, 15 rams were subjected to semen collection and, 1 week later, animals were slaughtered for collection of testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands. We conducted 2-D electrophoresis of seminal plasma proteins and major spots of stained gels were identified by LC-MS/MS. Total RNA was isolated from testis, epididymis and vesicular glands and subjected to qPCR. At slaughter, scrotal circumference and testicular weight were 27.5 ± 0.5 cm and 109.5 ± 6.0 g, respectively. Seminiferous tubule (ST) diameter was 188.3 ± 4.0 μm and each testis contained 1.9 ± 0.1 Sertoli cells (×10(9) ). Each Sertoli cell supported 0.1 ± 0.01 A spermatogonia, 3.0 ± 0.2 pachytene spermatocytes and 7.7 ± 0.5 round spermatids/tubule cross section. Daily sperm production reached 5.6 × 10(6) cells/g of testis parenchyma. Testis size appeared as indicative of ST diameter and associated with epididymal measurements, as well as with the population of round spermatids and Sertoli cells/testis. Rams with heavier testes had greater daily sperm production and more Sertoli cells/testis. We detected 90.9 ± 9.6 spots per 2-D gel of seminal plasma. Major seminal proteins were identified as ram seminal vesicle proteins at 14 and 22 kDa, representing 16.2% and 12.8% of the total intensity of valid spots in the gels, respectively. Expression of both genes was greater in the vesicular glands as compared to testis and epididymis. Pixel intensity for those proteins in the 2-D gels was significantly correlated with seminal vesicle weight. This is the first description of the basic reproductive aspects of Morada Nova rams, including protein profiles of their seminal plasma. These findings will allow a better understanding of their reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M L Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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54
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Santos EAA, Sousa PC, Martins JAM, Moreira RA, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Moreno FBMB, Oliveira MF, Moura AA, Silva AR. Protein profile of the seminal plasma of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758). Reproduction 2014; 147:753-64. [PMID: 24516176 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the major proteins of the peccary seminal plasma, based on the semen samples collected from nine adult and reproductively sound animals. Our approach included the use of two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by Coomassie blue staining and analysis of polypeptide maps with PDQuest Software (Bio-Rad). Proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We detected 179 protein spots per gel and 98 spots were identified by mass spectrometry, corresponding to 23 different proteins. The combined intensity of those spots accounted for 56.2±6% of the intensities of all spots and 60.9% of the intensities of spots presented in every protein map. Protein spots identified as clusterin represented 19.7±8.3% of the integrated optical densities of all spots detected in the seminal plasma maps. There was a negative association (r=-0.87; P<0.05) between the intensity of a clusterin spot and the percentage of sperm with functional membrane. Spermadhesin porcine seminal plasma protein 1 and bodhesin 2 comprised 5.4±1.9 and 8.8±3.9% of the total intensity of all spots respectively. Many proteins appeared in a polymorphic pattern, such as clusterin (27 spots), epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase (ten spots), inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (12 spots), and IgG-binding protein (ten spots), among others. In conclusion, we presently describe the major seminal plasma proteome of the peccary, which exhibits a distinct high expression of clusterin isoforms. Knowledge of wild species reproductive biology is crucial for an understanding of their survival strategies and adaptation in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A A Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - P C Sousa
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J A M Martins
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - R A Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A C O Monteiro-Moreira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - F B M B Moreno
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A A Moura
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm ConservationFederal University of the Semi-arid, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilDepartment of Animal ScienceFederal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, BrazilSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, Brazil
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Ledesma A, Manes J, Cesari A, Alberio R, Hozbor F. Electroejaculation Increases Low Molecular Weight Proteins in Seminal Plasma Modifying Sperm Quality inCorriedaleRams. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:324-32. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ledesma
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Balcarce Argentina
| | - J Manes
- Biotecnología de la Reproducción; Departamento de Producción Animal; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí;a Agropecuaria (INTA); Balcarce Argentina
| | - A Cesari
- Biología de microorganismos y gametas; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - R Alberio
- Biotecnología de la Reproducción; Departamento de Producción Animal; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí;a Agropecuaria (INTA); Balcarce Argentina
| | - F Hozbor
- Biotecnología de la Reproducción; Departamento de Producción Animal; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí;a Agropecuaria (INTA); Balcarce Argentina
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56
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Proteomic characterization and cross species comparison of mammalian seminal plasma. J Proteomics 2013; 91:13-22. [PMID: 23748023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seminal plasma contains a large protein component which has been implicated in the function, transit and survival of spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract. However, the identity of the majority of these proteins remains unknown and a direct comparison between the major domestic mammalian species has yet to be made. As such, the present study characterized and compared the seminal plasma proteomes of cattle, horse, sheep, pig, goat, camel and alpaca. GeLC-MS/MS and shotgun proteomic analysis by 2D-LC-MS/MS identified a total of 302 proteins in the seminal plasma of the chosen mammalian species. Nucleobindin 1 and RSVP14, a member of the BSP (binder of sperm protein) family, were identified in all species. Beta nerve growth factor (bNGF), previously identified as an ovulation inducing factor in alpacas and llamas, was identified in this study in alpaca and camel (induced ovulators), cattle, sheep and horse (spontaneous ovulators) seminal plasma. These findings indicate that while the mammalian species studied have common ancestry as ungulates, their seminal plasma is divergent in protein composition, which may explain variation in reproductive capacity and function. The identification of major specific proteins within seminal plasma facilitates future investigation of the role of each protein in mammalian reproduction. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This proteomic study is the first study to compare the protein composition of seminal plasma from seven mammalian species including two camelid species. Beta nerve growth factor, previously described as the ovulation inducing factor in camelids is shown to be the major protein in alpaca and camel seminal plasma and also present in small amounts in bull, ram, and horse seminal plasma.
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57
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van Tilburg M, Rodrigues M, Moreira R, Moreno F, Monteiro-Moreira A, Cândido M, Moura A. Membrane-associated proteins of ejaculated sperm from Morada Nova rams. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1247-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Asuvapongpatana S, Saewu A, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Vanichviriyakit R, Weerachatyanukul W. Localization of cathepsin D in mouse reproductive tissues and its acquisition onto sperm surface during epididymal sperm maturation. Acta Histochem 2013. [PMID: 23177142 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sperm maturation in the epididymis involves multiple complex events, that include the adsorption of epididymal secretory proteins, re-organization and removal of sperm surface ligands. In this study, we investigated the existence and distribution of cathepsin D (CAT-D) transcripts and proteins in mouse reproductive tissues and proposed a transfer mechanism of CAT-D to the sperm surface. CAT-D transcripts were highly expressed in cultured Sertoli cells, but not in germ cells. The transcriptional level was relatively higher in the caput epididymis (CP) than in the cauda epididymis (CD). At the translational level, CAT-D was detected in testicular somatic cells and in the principal and basal cells in the CP. The expression of CAT-D was fairly specific to the clear cells in the CD. All forms of CAT-D were detected in ultracentrifuged epididymosomes. In conjunction with the expression levels in epididymal epithelium and epididymosomes, CAT-D expression level on the sperm surface was relatively high in CP sperm, but gradually declined toward the CD. Overall, our results indicated that CAT-D was not inherent to sperm themselves, but rather of epididymal origin and was presumably transported to the sperm surface via epididymosomes.
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59
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60
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Proteins associated with critical sperm functions and sperm head shape are differentially expressed in morphologically abnormal bovine sperm induced by scrotal insulation. J Proteomics 2013; 82:64-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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61
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Soggiu A, Piras C, Hussein HA, De Canio M, Gaviraghi A, Galli A, Urbani A, Bonizzi L, Roncada P. Unravelling the bull fertility proteome. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1188-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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63
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Laflamme BA, Wolfner MF. Identification and function of proteolysis regulators in seminal fluid. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 80:80-101. [PMID: 23109270 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteins in the seminal fluid of animals with internal fertilization effect numerous responses in mated females that impact both male and female fertility. Among these proteins is the highly represented class of proteolysis regulators (proteases and their inhibitors). Though proteolysis regulators have now been identified in the seminal fluid of all animals in which proteomic studies of the seminal fluid have been conducted (as well as several other species in which they have not), a unified understanding of the importance of proteolysis to male fertilization success and other reproductive processes has not yet been achieved. In this review, we provide an overview of the identification of proteolysis regulators in the seminal fluid of humans and Drosophila melanogaster, the two species with the most comprehensively known seminal fluid proteomes. We also highlight reports demonstrating the functional significance of specific proteolysis regulators in reproductive and post-mating processes. Finally, we make broad suggestions for the direction of future research into the roles of both active seminal fluid proteolysis regulators and their inactive homologs, another significant class of seminal fluid proteins. We hope that this review aids researchers in pursuing a coordinated study of the functional significance of proteolysis regulators in semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Laflamme
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703, USA
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64
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Byrne K, Leahy T, McCulloch R, Colgrave ML, Holland MK. Comprehensive mapping of the bull sperm surface proteome. Proteomics 2012; 12:3559-79. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Russell McCulloch
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship; Division of Livestock Industries; Queensland Biosciences Precinct; St. Lucia; Queensland; Australia
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65
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Kershaw-Young CM, Maxwell WMC. Seminal Plasma Components in Camelids and Comparisons with Other Species. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:369-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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66
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Souza CEA, Rego JPA, Lobo CH, Oliveira JTA, Nogueira FC, Domont GB, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, Moreno FB, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Figueiredo JR, Moura AA. Proteomic analysis of the reproductive tract fluids from tropically-adapted Santa Ines rams. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4436-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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67
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Claydon AJ, Ramm SA, Pennington A, Hurst JL, Stockley P, Beynon R. Heterogenous turnover of sperm and seminal vesicle proteins in the mouse revealed by dynamic metabolic labeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.014993. [PMID: 22331477 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in ejaculate composition is predicted as an adaptive response to the evolutionary selective pressure of sperm competition. However, to respond rapidly to local competitive conditions requires dynamic modulation in the production of functionally relevant ejaculate proteins. Here we combine metabolic labeling of proteins with proteomics to explore the opportunity for such modulation within mammalian ejaculates. We assessed the rate at which proteins are synthesized and incorporated in the seminal vesicles of male house mice (Mus musculus domesticus), where major seminal fluid proteins with potential roles in sperm competition are produced. We compared rates of protein turnover in the seminal vesicle with those during spermatogenesis, the timing of which is well known in mice. The subjects were fed a diet containing deuterated valine ([(2)H(8)]valine) for up to 35 days, and the incorporation of dietary-labeled amino acid into seminal vesicle- or sperm-specific proteins was assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of samples recovered from the seminal vesicle lumen and cauda epididymis, respectively. Analyses of epididymal contents were consistent with the known duration of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation in this species and in addition revealed evidence for a subset of epididymal proteins subject to rapid turnover. For seminal vesicle proteins, incorporation of the stable isotope was evident from day 2 of labeling, reaching a plateau of labeling by day 24. Hence, even in the absence of copulation, the seminal vesicle proteins and certain epididymal proteins demonstrate considerable turnover, a response that is consonant with the capacity to rapidly modulate protein production. These techniques can now be used to assess the extent of phenotypic plasticity in mammalian ejaculate production and allocation according to social and environmental cues of sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Claydon
- Protein Function Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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68
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Kuhns EH, Seidl-Adams I, Tumlinson JH. A lepidopteran aminoacylase (L-ACY-1) in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) gut lumen hydrolyzes fatty acid-amino acid conjugates, elicitors of plant defense. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:32-40. [PMID: 22056272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) have been identified in Lepidopteran larvae as elicitors of plant defenses. Plant responses include the production of primary defense compounds and induction of secondary defense strategies including attraction of parasitoid wasps. These elicitors are present despite fitness costs, suggesting that they are important for the larvae's survival. In order to exploit FAC-mediated plant defense responses in agricultural settings, an understanding of FAC purpose and metabolism is crucial. To clarify their role, enzymes involved in this metabolism are being investigated. In this work a previously undiscovered FAC hydrolase was purified from Heliothis virescens frass by liquid chromatography and PAGE techniques and was identified as an aminoacylase-like protein (L-ACY-1) using MALDI-ToF/ToF and Edman sequencing. The full length gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and a polyclonal antibody against L-ACY-1 was made. L-ACY-1 was confirmed to be responsible for FAC hydrolysis activity through inhibition of N-linolenoyl-l-glutamine hydrolysis by titration with the polyclonal anti-L-ACY-1 antibody. L-ACY-1 activity is dependent on a divalent cation. This is the first time an aminoacylase has been described from an insect. L-ACY-1 appears to play a vastly different role in insects than ACYs do in mammals and may be involved in maintaining glutamine supplies for gut tissue metabolism. Identification of L-ACY-1, a FAC hydrolase, clarifies a previously uncharacterized portion of FAC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Kuhns
- Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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69
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Miyazaki M, Miyazaki T, Toyonaga M, Tsutsui T, Taira H, Yamashita T, Suzuki A. Characterisation of the carboxylesterase enzyme cauxin in the seminal fluid of the cat. Vet J 2011; 190:378-82. [PMID: 21277238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The carboxylesterase cauxin is a major urinary protein in cats that is also found in seminal fluid (SF). This study investigated cauxin in feline SF including biochemical features, concentration, distribution and gene expression in epididymal tissue, and its reaction with acylglycerol substrates. Monomeric, dimeric, and/or multimeric forms of cauxin carrying N-glycosylations were detected on Western blots of feline SF but most were monomeric. Cauxin concentrations were markedly lower in SF (0.042±0.020 mg/mL) than in urine (∼0.5 mg/mL) and cauxin gene expression was 60-fold lower in the epididymis than in the kidney. Immunohistochemical examination localised cauxin within the stereocilia and cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining the caput and corpus epididymis. Cauxin-positive spermatozoa were detected in the lumen of the cauda epididymis but not in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cell lining. Using an in vitro assay, cauxin hydrolysed saturated 1-mono- but not di- and tri-acylglycerols. The results suggest that cauxin secreted from the caput and corpus epididymis acts as an esterase on lipid within feline SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Miyazaki
- Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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