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Mohd-Taufek N, Cartwright D, Davies M, Hewavitharana AK, Koorts P, Shaw PN, Sumner R, Lee E, Whitfield K. The Simultaneous Analysis of Eight Essential Trace Elements in Human Milk by ICP-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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52
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Mores L, França EL, Silva NA, Suchara EA, Honorio-França AC. Nanoparticles of barium induce apoptosis in human phagocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6021-6. [PMID: 26451108 PMCID: PMC4592030 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nutrients and immunological factors of breast milk are essential for newborn growth and the development of their immune system, but this secretion can contain organic and inorganic toxins such as barium. Colostrum contamination with barium is an important issue to investigate because this naturally occurring element is also associated with human activity and industrial pollution. The study evaluated the administration of barium nanoparticles to colostrum, assessing the viability and functional activity of colostral mononuclear phagocytes. Methods Colostrum was collected from 24 clinically healthy women (aged 18–35 years). Cell viability, superoxide release, intracellular Ca2+ release, and phagocyte apoptosis were analyzed in the samples. Results Treatment with barium lowered mononuclear phagocyte viability, increased superoxide release, and reduced intracellular calcium release. In addition, barium increased cell death by apoptosis. Conclusion These data suggest that nanoparticles of barium in colostrum are toxic to cells, showing the importance of avoiding exposure to this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Mores
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzia França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Núbia Andrade Silva
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eliane Aparecida Suchara
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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53
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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54
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Sousa SG, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Human Milk Composition and Preservation: Evaluation of High-pressure Processing as a Nonthermal Pasteurization Technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:1043-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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55
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De Felip E, Bianchi F, Bove C, Cori L, D'Argenzio A, D'Orsi G, Fusco M, Miniero R, Ortolani R, Palombino R, Parlato A, Pelliccia MG, Peluso F, Piscopo G, Pizzuti R, Porpora MG, Protano D, Senofonte O, Spena SR, Simonetti A, di Domenico A. Priority persistent contaminants in people dwelling in critical areas of Campania Region, Italy (SEBIOREC biomonitoring study). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:420-435. [PMID: 24797738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate if protracted living in degraded environments of the Caserta and Naples provinces (Campania Region, Italy) had an impact on exposure of local people, highly toxic persistent contaminants were measured in blood, blood serum, and human milk of a large number of healthy donors. Sampling was carried out from 2008 to 2009. Blood was collected from over 850 20-64-year old donors; by pooling, 84 blood and 84 serum samples were obtained. Milk was donated by 52 mothers: specimens were pooled into six samples. Polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs, dioxin-like (DL) and non-dioxin-like (Σ6PCBs)), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were measured in serum (organic biomarkers) and blood (metals); these chemicals and polybromobiphenyl ethers (Σ9PBDEs) were analyzed in milk. PCDD+PCDF, DL-PCB, TEQTOT, and Σ6PCB concentration ranges (medians) in serum were 6.26-23.1 (12.4), 3.42-31.7 (11.5), 10.0-52.8 (23.9) pgTEQ97/g fat, and 55.5-647 (219) ng/g fat, respectively, while in milk concentration ranges were 5.99-8.77, 4.02-6.15, 10.0-14.2 pgTEQ97/g fat, and 48.7-74.2 ng/g fat. Likewise, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb findings in blood spanned 2.34-13.4 (5.83), 0.180-0.930 (0.475), 1.09-7.60 (2.60), 10.2-55.9 (28.8) μg/L, respectively; only Pb could be measured in milk (2.78-5.99 μg/L). Σ9PBDE levels in milk samples were 0.965-6.05 ng/g fat. Biomarkers' concentrations were found to be compatible with their current values in European countries and in Italy, and consistent with an exposure primarily determined by consumption of commercial food from the large distribution system. Based on relatively higher biomarker values within the hematic biomonitoring database, the following municipalities were flagged as possibly deserving attention for health-oriented interventions: Brusciano and Caivano (As), Giugliano (Hg), Pianura (PCDDs+PCDFs), and Qualiano-Villaricca (As, Hg). The analysis of samples' qualitative variability indicated that biomarker composition was sensitive at municipality level, a feature that can potentially drive interventions for future local risk assessment and/or management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Felip
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa and Rome, Italy
| | - Crescenzo Bove
- ASL CE, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Caserta, Italy
| | - Liliana Cori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa and Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo D'Orsi
- ASL NA2 Nord, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Fusco
- Registro Tumori della Regione Campania, ASL NA3 Sud, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Miniero
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ortolani
- ASL NA1 Centro, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palombino
- ASL NA3 Sud, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Distretto Sanitario 69, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Parlato
- ASL NA2 Nord, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Filomena Peluso
- ASL NA2 Nord, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piscopo
- ASL NA3 Sud, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Distretto Sanitario 69, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Pizzuti
- Regione Campania, Assessorato alla Sanità, Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Porpora
- Dipartimento di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche, Perinatologia, e Puericultura, Policlinico Umberto I, Università "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Oreste Senofonte
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Russo Spena
- ASL NA3 Sud, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Distretto Sanitario 69, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Simonetti
- ASL NA1 Centro, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Prevenzione, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro di Domenico
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Ambiente e connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Rome, Italy
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Cardoso OO, Julião FC, Alves RIS, Baena AR, Díez IG, Suzuki MN, Celere BS, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Segura-Muñoz SI. Concentration profiles of metals in breast milk, drinking water, and soil: relationship between matrices. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:116-22. [PMID: 24881955 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn were determined in breast milk of women living in Conceição das Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The potential relationships between metal levels in samples of breast milk, drinking water, and soils collected in the study area were also established. Metal levels in breast milk, except Cr, were lower in comparison to WHO reference concentrations. Zinc was the predominant element in breast milk and drinking water samples, with a median level of 46.2 and 82.2 μg · L(-1), respectively. Soils presented a different pattern of metal concentrations with respect to those found in breast milk and drinking water, Chromium showed the highest median levels (148 mg · kg(-1)), while a certain predominance of Zn and Cu was also observed (47.0 and 43.0 mg · kg(-1), respectively). Similar profiles were observed when comparing metal concentrations in drinking water and breast milk (chi-square χ(2) = 14.36; p < 0.05). In contrast, breast milk-soil and drinking water-soil metal concentration profiles showed significant differences (χ(2) = 635.05 and χ(2) = 721.78, respectively; p < 0.05). These results indicate that drinking water is an important exposure pathway for metals to newborns through breast milk. Further studies should be aimed at assessing the body burdens of metals in that population and at evaluating the potential relationships in the concentrations in biological and environmental matrices as well as at estimating the contribution of dietary intake of metals. In addition, the presence of other chemical pollutants in breast milk should be also studied in order to assess the combined newborn exposure to other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar O Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of the Piauí, Teresina, Brazil, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portela, SG-8, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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57
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Jariwala M, Suvarna S, Kiran Kumar G, Amin A, Udas AC. Study of the concentration of trace elements fe, zn, cu, se and their correlation in maternal serum, cord serum and colostrums. Indian J Clin Biochem 2014; 29:181-8. [PMID: 24757300 PMCID: PMC3990806 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A study of iron, zinc, copper and selenium concentration levels was carried out in three compartments namely, maternal serum (MS), colostrums and cord blood serum (CS) of healthy Indian mothers (n = 42) who delivered healthy normal neonates without any congenital anomalies at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre hospital, Mumbai. Fe, Zn, Cu in maternal serum, cord blood and colostrums were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry while Se was determined by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. It was seen that there was a significant difference in the level of trace elements in the three compartments. The average levels of Fe in the three compartments were 1,132 ± 519, 2,312 ± 789 and 1,183 ± 602 μg/L while Zn was 514 ± 149, 819 ± 224 and 7,148 ± 2,316 μg/L respectively. Mean Cu values were 1,614 ± 295, 301 ± 77 and 392 ± 174 μg/L respectively while Se values were 70 ± 15, 36 ± 10 and 23 ± 8 μg/L respectively. The results indicated a positive correlation of Fe and Zn concentrations in MS versus CS which were (r = 0.386), (r = 0.572) respectively and Fe levels in MS and colostrums (r = 0.235). A few inter element correlations were found within compartments. Zn and Se showed a negative correlation in both MS (r = -0.489) and colostrums (r = -0.258) while a positive inter correlation of Fe and Zn was seen in MS (r = 0.44) and in CS (r = 0.54). This study gave us an overview of the serum and colostrum values of mother and neonates in Indian population, data of which are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Jariwala
- />Department of Paediatrics, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - S. Suvarna
- />Analytical Chemistry Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - G. Kiran Kumar
- />Analytical Chemistry Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Alpa Amin
- />Department of Paediatrics, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - A. C. Udas
- />Analytical Chemistry Division, BARC, Mumbai, 400085 India
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58
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Matos C, Moutinho C, Almeida C, Guerra A, Balcão V. Trace element compositional changes in human milk during the first four months of lactation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:547-51. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.893281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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59
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Andrade MTS, Ciampo LAD, Ciampo IRLD, Ferraz IS, Junior FB. Breast Milk Micronutrients in Lactating Mothers from Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.513130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Abstract
Mother's milk is the fundamental food for infants. It contains proteins, fat, carbohydrates and essential metals which are necessary to ensure correct functioning of the organism. Unfortunately, breast milk is a potential source of toxic metals, which are dangerous for a baby. In Poland, previous research concerning the content of metals in breast milk was very scarce or its results were unavailable. The present study aimed at assessing the content of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in human breast milk, as well as estimating the mean weekly intake of these metals by breast-fed infants from Poland. The average concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 2.114 μg/l, 6.331 μg/l, 0.137 mg/l and 1.623 mg/l, respectively. The admissible levels of supply of these toxic metals has not been exceeded, but their contents were high, particularly in 6-month-old infants (nearly 85 % TWI for Cd and nearly 70 % BMDL₀₁ for Pb). The daily intake of Cu and Zn did not fully satisfy the infant's requirements determined by Polish standards and WHO recommendations. Since the lifestyle of lactating women has a direct influence on the content of these elements in breast milk, women should be educated in this respect with particular focus on eliminating tobacco smoking, both by breastfeeding mothers and by their direct environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland,
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61
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Miller DJ, Wiley AA, Chen JC, Bagnell CA, Bartol FF. Nursing for 48 hours from birth supports porcine uterine gland development and endometrial cell compartment-specific gene expression. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:4. [PMID: 23136302 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The first 2 wk of neonatal life constitute a critical period for estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1)-dependent uterine adenogenesis in the pig. A relaxin receptor (RXFP1)-mediated, lactocrine-driven mechanism was proposed to explain how nursing could regulate endometrial ESR1 and related gene expression events associated with adenogenesis in the porcine neonate during this period. To determine effects of nursing on endometrial morphogenesis and cell compartment-specific gene expression, gilts (n = 6-8/group) were assigned at birth to be either 1) nursed ad libitum for 48 h, 2) gavage fed milk replacer for 48 h, 3) nursed ad libitum to Postnatal Day (PND) 14, or 4) gavage fed milk replacer for 48 h followed by ad libitum nursing to PND 14. Uteri were collected on PND 2 or PND 14. Endometrial histoarchitecture and both ESR1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indexes (LIs) were evaluated. Laser microdissection was used to capture epithelium and stroma to evaluate treatment effects on cell compartment-specific ESR1, VEGFA, and RXFP1 expression. Imposition of a lactocrine-null state by milk replacer feeding for 48 h from birth retarded endometrial development and adenogenesis. Effects of replacer feeding, evident by PND 2, were marked by PND 14 when endometrial thickness, glandularity, and gland depth were reduced. Consistently, in lactocrine-null gilts, PCNA LI was reduced in glandular epithelium (GE) and stroma on PND 14, when epithelial ESR1 expression and ESR1 LI in GE were reduced and stromal VEGFA and RXFP1 expression increased. Results establish that lactocrine signaling effects morphogenetic changes in developing uterine tissues that may determine reproductive capacity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori J Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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62
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Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Lactocrine programming of female reproductive tract development: environmental connections to the reproductive continuum. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354:16-21. [PMID: 22033320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
For eutherian mammals a continuum of maternal support insures that development of progeny follows an optimal program. Beginning in utero, such support extends into the early neonatal period when bioactive factors are communicated from mother to offspring in colostrum/milk. Defined as lactocrine signaling, communication of milk-borne bioactive factors from mother to offspring as a consequence of nursing is important for development of somatic tissues, including the female reproductive tract (FRT). Data for the domestic pig indicate that lactocrine signaling contributes to the maternal continuum of factors that define the developmental program and determine the developmental trajectory of FRT tissues during early neonatal life. Both naturally occurring and manmade factors of environmental origin can be communicated to neonates in milk and affect development with lasting consequences. Here, evidence for lactocrine programming of FRT development and the potential for environmental endocrine disruption of this process are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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63
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Zinc and copper concentrations in Breastmilk at the second month of lactation. Indian Pediatr 2012; 49:133-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-012-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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64
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Wang Y, Ou YL, Liu YQ, Xie Q, Liu QF, Wu Q, Fan TQ, Yan LL, Wang JY. Correlations of trace element levels in the diet, blood, urine, and feces in the Chinese male. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:127-35. [PMID: 21870153 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the associations between trace elements in dietary intake and the other three biological media (blood, urine, or feces) and inter-element interactions among the latter, we simultaneously collected 72-h diet duplicates, whole blood, and 72-h urine and feces from 120 free-living healthy males in China. Correlations among the toxic (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb]), and nutritionally essential (zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], selenium [Se], iodine [I]) elements were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation analysis based on analytical data determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Dietary Cd intakes were highly correlated with the fecal Cd and blood Cd levels. Inverse correlations were found for Fe-Cd and Fe-Pb in both diet versus blood and diet versus feces. Cd-Zn and Cd-Se were significantly directly correlated in the urine and feces. Cd-Se and Pb-Se were negatively correlated in blood. In addition, there existed an extremely significant association between urinary Se and urinary I. Moreover, the other two highly direct correlations were found for Se-Fe and for I-Fe in urine. Improved knowledge regarding their mutual associations is considered to be of fundamental importance to understand more the complex interrelationships in trace element metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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65
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Chen JC, Frankshun AL, Wiley AA, Miller DJ, Welch KA, Ho TY, Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Milk-borne lactocrine-acting factors affect gene expression patterns in the developing neonatal porcine uterus. Reproduction 2011; 141:675-83. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lactocrine communication of milk-borne bioactive factors (MbFs) from mother to offspring through nursing can affect neonatal development with lasting consequences. Relaxin (RLX), a lactocrine-active peptide found in porcine colostrum, stimulates estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) expression required for uterine development shortly after birth (postnatal day=PND 0). Whether other MbFs or cooperative lactocrine mechanisms affect the neonatal uterine developmental program is unknown. To determine the effects of age, nursing, and exogenous RLX on gene expression associated with uterine development, gilts (n=4–5/group) were assigned to nursead libitumor to receive milk replacer, with or without exogenous RLX (20 μg/kg BW i.m./6 h for 48 h), from birth to PND 2 when uteri were collected. Body weight and uterine weight increased (P<0.05) similarly from birth to PND 2 in all gilts. However, colostrum consumption was required for normal uterine ESR1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and RLX receptor (RXFP1) protein and/or transcript expression on PND 2. Uterine ESR1, VEGFA, and MMP9 protein levels were below (P<0.01) the assay sensitivity in replacer-fed gilts. Supplemental RLX increased (P<0.05) uterine ESR1 protein and mRNA in nursed gilts, as well as VEGFA protein in nursed andVEGFAmRNA in both nursed and replacer-fed gilts. RLX treatment did not affect uterineMMP9mRNA levels. When compared with replacer-fed gilts on PND 2, uterineRXFP1mRNA was reduced (P<0.05) in nursed gilts and in RLX-supplemented replacer-fed gilts. These results constitute the first evidence that establishment of the neonatal porcine uterine developmental program requires maternal lactocrine support.
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66
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Jan FA, Ishaq M, Khan S, Shakirullah M, Asim SM, Ahmad I, Mabood F. Bioaccumulation of metals in human blood in industrially contaminated area. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:2069-2077. [PMID: 22432340 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals were analyzed in different foods crops, milk, meat and blood samples collected from different age group subjects such as children (1-12 years), adolescent (12-18 years), adults (18-45 years) and old age (above 45 and 55 years for males and females, respectively) from polluted and relatively less polluted areas. The results revealed that the consumption of contaminated food crops, meat and milk have significantly increased the concentrations of selected metals in the human blood. Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the blood samples collected from the polluted area as compared to control area. Old people had accumulated high concentrations of metals as compared to the younger ones within the same area. Males accumulated higher concentrations of metals as compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akbar Jan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar 25120, Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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67
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Hall Moran V, Lowe N, Crossland N, Berti C, Cetin I, Hermoso M, Koletzko B, Dykes F. Nutritional requirements during lactation. Towards European alignment of reference values: the EURRECA network. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2010; 6 Suppl 2:39-54. [PMID: 22296250 PMCID: PMC6860587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable variation in reference values for micronutrient intake during lactation across Europe. The European Micronutrients Recommendations Aligned project aims to harmonize dietary recommendations throughout Europe. Recommended nutrient intakes during lactation are based on limited data and are often extrapolated from known secretion of the nutrient in milk with adjustments for bioavailability, so that differences between values can be partly ascribed to differences in methodological approaches and how these approaches were applied. Few studies have considered the impact of lactation on the mother's nutritional status. Rather, focus has been placed on the influence of maternal nutritional status on the composition of her breast milk. Most common nutritional deficits in breast milk are the result of maternal deficiencies of the water-soluble vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamins B6 and B12. Other than maternal vitamin A status, which to some extent is reflected in breast milk, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins and most minerals in breast milk are less affected by maternal status. Factors relating to suboptimal maternal nutritional status during lactation include maternal age, diet and lifestyle factors and spacing of consecutive births. Recent research is providing new knowledge on the micronutrient requirements of lactating women. Identifying needs for research and improving understanding of the differences in values that have been derived by various committees and groups across Europe will enhance transparency and facilitate the application of dietary recommendations in policy-making decision and their translation into recommendations for lactating women. Given the wide variation in breastfeeding practices across Europe, making nutritional recommendations for lactating women is complex and challenging. Thus, it is crucial to first examine the cultural practices within and across European populations and to assess its relevance before making recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hall Moran
- Maternal & Infant Nutrition and Nurture Unit (MAINN), University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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68
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Luo Y, Zhang B, Chen M, Wang J, Zhang X, Gao WY, Huang JF, Fu WL. Rapid and simultaneous determination of essential minerals and trace elements in human milk by improved flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) with microwave digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9396-9400. [PMID: 20695422 DOI: 10.1021/jf100940e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous and economical determination of many trace elements in human milk is developed. Two multi-element hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) were used instead of single-element HCLs to improve the sample throughput of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The microwave digestion of milk is optimized prior to detection, and the performance characteristics of the improved analysis method are identified. Clinical samples are detected by both FAAS and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for methodology evaluation. Results reveal that the proposed FAAS with multi-element HCLs could determine six essential minerals and trace elements within 15 min. This method provides a linear analytical range of 0.01-10 mg L(-1). For Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn, the limits of determination are 1.5, 3, 1.8, 2.2, 2.1, and 1.3 microg L(-1), respectively. The mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and interassays are lower than 7%. Excellent operational characteristics of rapidity, simplicity, and economy make the proposed method a promising one for the quantification of trace elements in human milk in clinics of underdeveloped areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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