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England EM, Matarneh SK, Mitacek RM, Abraham A, Ramanathan R, Wicks JC, Shi H, Scheffler TL, Oliver EM, Helm ET, Gerrard DE. Presence of oxygen and mitochondria in skeletal muscle early postmortem. Meat Sci 2018; 139:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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52
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Mitochondrial F1-ATPase extends glycolysis and pH decline in an in vitro model. Meat Sci 2018; 137:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Frizzell KM, Jendral MJ, Maclean IM, Dixon WT, Putman CT. Physicochemical determinants of pH in pectoralis major of three strains of laying hens housed in conventional and furnished cages. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:286-300. [PMID: 29480030 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1445198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Post-mortem decline in muscle pH has traditionally been attributed to glycogenolysis-induced lactate accumulation. However, muscle pH ([H+]) is controlled by complex physicochemical relationships encapsulated in the Stewart model of acid-base chemistry and is determined by three system-independent variables - strong ion difference ([SID]), total concentration of weak acids ([Atot]) and partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2). 2. This study investigated these system-independent variables in post-mortem pectoralis major muscles of Shaver White, Lohmann Lite and Lohmann Brown laying hens housed in conventional cages (CC) or furnished cages (FC) and evaluated the model by comparing calculated [H+] with previously measured [H+] values. 3. The model accounted for 99.7% of the variation in muscle [H+]. Differences in [SID] accounted for most or all of the variations in [H+] between strains. Greater PCO2 in FC was counteracted by greater sequestration of strong base cations. The results demonstrate the accuracy and utility of the Stewart model for investigating determinants of meat [H+]. 4. The housing differences identified in this study suggested that hens housed in FC have improved muscle function and overall health due to the increased opportunity for movement. These findings support past studies showing improved animal welfare for hens housed in FC compared to CC. Therefore, the Stewart model has been identified as an accurate method to assess changes in the muscle at a cellular level that affect meat quality that also detect differences in the welfare status of the research subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Frizzell
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta , Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory , Edmonton , Canada
| | - M J Jendral
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta , Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory , Edmonton , Canada.,b Department of Plant and Animal Sciences , Dalhousie University Agricultural Campus , Truro , Canada
| | - I M Maclean
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta , Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory , Edmonton , Canada
| | - W T Dixon
- c Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - C T Putman
- a Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta , Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory , Edmonton , Canada.,d Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry , Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
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England EM, Shi H, Matarneh SK, Oliver EM, Helm ET, Scheffler TL, Puolanne E, Gerrard DE. Chronic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases monocarboxylate transporter 2 and 4 expression in skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3552-3562. [PMID: 28805903 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) expression in skeletal muscle. However, the impact of chronic activation of AMPK on MCT expression in skeletal muscle is unknown. To investigate, MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 mRNA expression and protein abundance were measured in the longissimus lumborum (glycolytic), masseter (oxidative), and heart from wild-type (control) and AMPK γ3 pigs. The AMPK γ3 gain in function mutation results in AMPK being constitutively active in glycolytic skeletal muscle and increases energy producing pathways. The MCT1 and MCT2 mRNA expression in muscle was lower ( < 0.05) from both wild-type and AMPK γ3 animals compared to other tissues. However, in both genotypes, MCT1 and MCT2 mRNA expression was greater ( < 0.05) in the masseter than the longissimus lumborum. The MCT1 protein was not detected in skeletal muscle, but MCT2 was greater ( < 0.05) in muscles with an oxidative muscle phenotype. Monocarboxylate transporter 2 was also detected in muscle mitochondria and may explain the differences between muscles. The MCT4 mRNA expression was intermediate among all tissues tested and greater ( < 0.05) in the longissimus lumborum than the masseter. Furthermore, MCT4 protein expression in the longissimus lumborum from AMPK γ3 animals was greater ( < 0.05) than in the longissimus lumborum from wild-type animals. In totality, these data indicate that chronic AMPK activation simultaneously increases MCT2 and MCT4 expression in skeletal muscle.
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Popp J, Sharifi AR, Janisch S, Krischek C. Two Frequently Used pH Determination Methods Showed Clearly Different pH Slopes During Early Post Mortem Ageing of Pork. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Matarneh SK, England EM, Scheffler TL, Yen CN, Wicks JC, Shi H, Gerrard DE. A mitochondrial protein increases glycolytic flux. Meat Sci 2017; 133:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Rodríguez-Palomares M, Cruz-Monterrosa RG, Rayas-Amor AA, Pinheiro RSB, Galindo FM, Villarroel M. Long-distance transport of hair lambs: effect of location in pot-belly trailers on thermo-physiology, welfare and meat quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:327-336. [PMID: 28963625 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock transport exposes animals to a range of potential stressors that may compromise their welfare and final product quality, and those effects typically increase with the distance travelled. In North America, producers often use pot-belly vehicles for long hauls but little is known about their suitability for transporting lambs. We followed two long-distance trips using pot-belly trailers carrying 500 lambs (each) from Northern to Central Mexico in winter, to measure possible effects on animal welfare and meat quality. Sixty lambs per trip were placed at different locations within the pot-belly trailer. Animals were equipped with iButton Thermochron® temperature devices, which registered body temperature throughout pre- and post-slaughter stages. Despite the rather cool winter conditions, lambs placed in the "belly" and "nose" compartments had higher body temperatures at loading, during transport and lairage and after slaughter (carcass temperature). Those lambs also had higher levels of plasma cortisol, glucose and creatine kinase (CK), and a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Regarding meat quality, ultimate pH (24 h) was higher in all locations, especially in LT4 location. Overall, the results suggest a link between thermal stress during transport, elevated physiological indicators of stress and poorer meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico.
| | - M Rodríguez-Palomares
- Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R G Cruz-Monterrosa
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico
| | - A A Rayas-Amor
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico
| | - R S B Pinheiro
- Department of Biology and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Galindo
- Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Stufft K, Elgin J, Patterson B, Matarneh S, Preisser R, Shi H, England E, Scheffler T, Mills E, Gerrard D. Muscle characteristics only partially explain color variations in fresh hams. Meat Sci 2017; 128:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hudson NJ, Bottje WG, Hawken RJ, Kong B, Okimoto R, Reverter A. Mitochondrial metabolism: a driver of energy utilisation and product quality? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High feed efficiency is a very desirable production trait as it positively influences resource utilisation, profitability and environmental considerations, albeit at the possible expense of product quality. The modern broiler is arguably the most illustrative model species as it has been transformed over the past half century into an elite feed converter. Some producers are currently reporting that 42-day-old birds gain 1 kg of wet weight for every 1.35 kg of dry weight consumed. Its large breast muscle is exclusively composed of large, low mitochondrial-content Type IIB fibres, which may contribute to low maintenance costs and high efficiency. In an effort to gain a better understanding of individual variation in chicken feed efficiency, our group has been exploring the biology of the mitochondrion at multiple levels of organisation. The mitochondrion is the organelle where much biochemical energy transformation occurs in the cell. Using Cobb-Vantress industrial birds as our primary experimental resource, we have explored the tissue content, structure and function of the mitochondrion and its relationship to growth, development, efficiency and genetic background. While much remains to be understood, recent highlights include (1) variation in muscle mitochondrial content that is associated with performance phenotypes, (2) altered muscle mitochondrial gene and protein expression in birds differing in feed efficiency, (3) variation in isolated mitochondrial function in birds differing in feed efficiency and (4) evidence for an unexpected role for the mitochondrially localised progesterone receptor in altering bird muscle metabolism. Mitochondrial function is largely conserved across the vertebrates, so the same metabolic principles appear to apply to the major production species, whether monogastric or ruminant. A speculative role for the mitochondria in aspects of meat quality and in influencing postmortem anaerobic metabolism will conclude the manuscript.
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Romero MH, Uribe-Velásquez LF, Sánchez JA, Rayas-Amor AA, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Conventional versus modern abattoirs in Colombia: Impacts on welfare indicators and risk factors for high muscle pH in commercial Zebu young bulls. Meat Sci 2016; 123:173-181. [PMID: 27750084 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of abattoir type (conventional abattoir -CA- versus modern abattoir -MA-) on stress parameters and risk factors for high muscle pH in Colombia. A total of 522 Zebu young bulls were studied in two groups: 285 at CA, and 237 at MA. Blood samples were taken to measure cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase, β-hydroxybutyrate, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, haematocrit, leukocytes and N/L ratio. Cattle were monitored during the unloading, lairage, handling and stunning. The logistic regression model showed that stocking density, transport time, abattoir type, and inefficient stunning were variables associated with the prevalence of dark cutting carcasses. This study demonstrated that modern improvements at abattoir level, proper infrastructure, and stunning equipment, do not always guarantee quality in terms of animal welfare. As a first attempt in the Colombian beef industry, this research suggested how handling practices could affect cattle welfare and the prevalence of high muscle pH even at MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Romero
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Animal Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - L F Uribe-Velásquez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Animal Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - J A Sánchez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Animal Sciences, University of Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - A A Rayas-Amor
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University, UAM-Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University, UAM-Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico.
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61
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Onopiuk A, Półtorak A, Wierzbicka A. Influence of post-mortem muscle glycogen content on the quality of beef during aging. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Glycolic changes which occur post-mortem have an impact on the physical and sensory features of beef, which in turn determine the successive processes and influence such beef quality traits as colour, tenderness, and cooling loss. The aim of this study was evaluation of the post-mortem changes in bovine meat during aging, quantitative analysis of glycogen and lactic acid, as well as examination of their impact on technological and sensory quality of selected muscles from Holstein-Friesian × Limousin breed carcasses.
Material and Methods: The study included three muscles of different metabolic qualities and sarcomere length: m. semitendinosus, m. longissimus dorsi, and m. psoas major, collected from nine bull carcasses aged 24 ±2 months.
Results: Significant correlations were found between the volume of cooling loss on individual days of aging and the pH value of muscle tissue, lactic acid and glycogen content, as well as beef lightness. However, no significant dependency between the volume of glycogen and the intensity of red and yellow colours was detected.
Conclusion: The colorimetric analysis of glycogen and lactic acid can be an effective tool in predicting the quality of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onopiuk
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Półtorak
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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