51
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Herrero Latorre C, Barciela García J, García Martín S, Peña Crecente RM. Solid phase extraction for the speciation and preconcentration of inorganic selenium in water samples: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:37-49. [PMID: 24267061 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element for the normal cellular function of living organisms. However, selenium is toxic at concentrations of only three to five times higher than the essential concentration. The inorganic forms (mainly selenite and selenate) present in environmental water generally exhibit higher toxicity (up to 40 times) than organic forms. Therefore, the determination of low levels of different inorganic selenium species in water is an analytical challenge. Solid-phase extraction has been used as a separation and/or preconcentration technique prior to the determination of selenium species due to the need for accurate measurements for Se species in water at extremely low levels. The present paper provides a critical review of the published methods for inorganic selenium speciation in water samples using solid phase extraction as a preconcentration procedure. On the basis of more than 75 references, the different speciation strategies used for this task have been highlighted and classified. The solid-phase extraction sorbents and the performance and analytical characteristics of the developed methods for Se speciation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herrero Latorre
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Dpto. Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Alfonso X el Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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52
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López-García I, Vicente-Martínez Y, Hernández-Córdoba M. Nonchromatographic speciation of selenium in edible oils using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9356-9361. [PMID: 24011330 DOI: 10.1021/jf4027537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for the nonchromatographic separation of the main selenium species present in edible oils is presented. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is used to extract inorganic selenium (iSe), seleno-L-cystine (SeCys₂), seleno-L-methionine (SeMet), and selenocystamine (SeCM) into a slightly acidic aqueous medium. The selenium total (tSe) content is measured in the extracts by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. By repeating the microextraction stage using an ionic liquid instead of water, the sum of SeCys₂, SeMet, and SeCM is obtained and iSe is calculated by difference. The detection limit is 0.03 ng of Se per gram of oil. The fractionation of the edible oils by solid phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid extraction and atomic absorption measurement also permits speciation of iSe to be carried out. Data for tSe and iSe levels of 15 samples of different origin are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio López-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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53
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Zhang Y, Duan J, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples. Talanta 2013; 115:730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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54
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Sorouraddin MH, Khoshmaram L. Combination of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction with Flame Atomic Absorption for Determination of Trace Ni and Co in Water Samples and Vitamin B12. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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55
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Yan H, Wang H. Recent development and applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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56
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Meng FY, Wei YQ, Lu H, Zhou XT, Liu JX, Li G, Hou JY. Chelatometric dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of total and water soluble copper in Rhizoma coptidis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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57
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Ligandless temperature-controlled ionic liquid-phase microextraction of lead(II) ion prior to its determination by FAAS. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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58
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Nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide as a nano-sorbent for the solid phase extraction of selenium, and its determination by continuous flow HG-AAS. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Selective dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and preconcentration of Ni(II) into a micro droplet followed by ETAAS determination using a yellow Schiff's base bisazanyl derivative. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:916-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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60
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El-Shahawi M, Al-Saidi H. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for chemical speciation and determination of ultra-trace concentrations of metal ions. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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61
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Dobrowolski R, Otto M. Preparation and evaluation of Fe-loaded activated carbon for enrichment of selenium for analytical and environmental purposes. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:683-690. [PMID: 23079163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The adsorbent, based on the thermal modification of activated carbon impregnated by iron(III) nitrate(V), has been prepared and applied for selenium enrichment from aqueous solution. Various ratios of the impregnating agent to carbon mass were carefully examined with respect to selenium adsorption capacity and selectivity. The basic Se(VI) ions adsorption parameters affecting the adsorption ability onto the prepared activated carbons were studied. The carbon impregnated by 10% Fe(NO(3))(2) and thermally treated at 200 °C possessed the highest adsorption capacity and selectivity towards selenium ions. The physico-chemical characterization of the prepared adsorbents before and after selenium uptake were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The studies confirmed the surface complexation reactions of iron species and selenium on the Fe-loaded activated carbon. Due to its high adsorption capacity enrichment of selenium on the studied adsorbent has been successfully applied for its determination in the complementary feeds, using the carbon slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry technique (GFAAS) and standard calibration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Dobrowolski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M.C. Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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62
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Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium in Water Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/671743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and powerful microextraction technique was used for determination of palladium (II) ion in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). The different variables affecting the complexation and extraction conditions such as extraction and disperser solvent type, extraction time, pH, and concentration of chelating agent were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the ranges of 0.05–1 μg L−1with detection limit of 0.02 μg L−1. The precision (RSD %) for ten replicate determination at 0.2 μg L−1of palladium was better than 3.5% and the enrichment factor 166.5 was obtained from only 5.0 mL of sample. Under the presence of foreign ions, no significant interference was observed. Finally, accuracy and application of the method were estimated by using test samples of natural waters spiked with different amounts of palladium.
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63
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Preconcentration and Trace Determination of Chromium Using Modified Ionic Liquid Cold-Induced Aggregation Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction: Application to Different Water and Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Lenz M, Floor GH, Winkel LHE, Román-Ross G, Corvini PFX. Online preconcentration-IC-ICP-MS for selenium quantification and speciation at ultratraces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11988-11994. [PMID: 23020752 DOI: 10.1021/es302550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is of key importance to human health with a very narrow concentration range of optimal dietary intake. Due to the inherent analytical challenge linked with the low natural abundance, information on precise and accurate Se speciation in deficient environments is hardly existent. This study presents a novel approach to determine Se species-specifically at ultratraces, by online coupling of a preconcentration (trap) column to an ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) system. It is demonstrated that with this robust and work/time efficient method, the predominant selenium oxyanions, selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)), can be quantified down to 7.3 and 8.3 picogram total Se, respectively, in an overall analytical time of 420 s, only. The applicability for environmental samples was proven on pristine volcanic ashes collected from seven different volcanoes. The high sensitivity of the novel approach allowed to determine speciation in samples that were strongly depleted in total selenium (<0.05 mg kg(-1) Se) with only minor fractions of Se mobilized (i.e., less than 10% of the total selenium was leached in 10 out of 12 samples). The studied samples showed considerate differences in selenium speciation, with selenite and selenate co-occurring in most samples. The fact that the studied sample leachates had a wide range of pH (3.78-9.55) and major anion/cation composition underlines the versatility and wide potential application range of the method presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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65
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Wen X, Kong L, Chen M, Deng Q, Zhao X, Guo J. A new coupling of spectrophotometric determination with ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace silver. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:782-787. [PMID: 22902575 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new coupling of spectrophotometric determination with preconcentration method named as ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UAE-DLLME) for trace silver was firstly established. Disperser solvent in traditional DLLME was substituted by ultrasound-assisted emulsification, which could afford more effective emulsification and make the extraction method greener. The extraction was accomplished efficiently in only 3 min during ultrasound-assisted emulsification. Compared to traditional DLLME, the established pretreatment was simpler, greener and more effective. The UAE-DLLME technique was effectively coupled with ordinary spectrophotometer to improve the analytical performance and expand the application of spectrophotometric determination. The factors influencing UAE-DLLME, such as concentration of chelating agent, kind and volume of extractant, pH, conditions of phase separation, ultrasound extraction time and instrumental conditions, were studied in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for silver was 0.45 μg L(-1), with sensitivity enhancement factor (EF) of 35. The established method was applied to the determination of trace silver in real and certified reference samples with satisfactory analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
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66
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Bahar S, Zakerian R. Determination of Hg(II) in Environmental Water Samples by Dispersive Liquid Phase Microextraction Combined with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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67
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Development of ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop microextraction for determination of trace amounts of iron and copper in water, food and rock samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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68
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Sereshti H, Entezari Heravi Y, Samadi S, Badiei A, Hayati Roodbari N. Selective Determination of Selenium in Garlic, Mushroom and Water Samples by Chemically Modified Mesoporous Silica Solid Phase Coupled with ICP-OES. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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69
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Khayatian G, Hassanpoor S. Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Based on dimetyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate for Determination of Total Amount of Iron in Water and Tea Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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70
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Andruch V, Kocúrová L, Balogh IS, Škrlíková J. Recent advances in coupling single-drop and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with UV–vis spectrophotometry and related detection techniques. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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71
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Hosseini M, Dalali N, Nejad SM. A New Mode of Homogeneous Liquid-liquid Microextraction (HLLME) Based on Ionic Liquids: In Situ Solvent Formation Microextraction (ISFME) for Determination of Lead. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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72
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Comparison of ultrasound-assisted emulsification and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples using low density extraction solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 714:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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73
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Farajzadeh MA, Djozan D, Mogaddam MRA, Norouzi J. Determination of phthalate esters in cow milk samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography followed by flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:742-9. [PMID: 22271644 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and economic method for the analysis of phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-iso-butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in cow milk samples by means of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. In this work, NaCl and ACN were added to 5 mL of the milk sample as the salting out agent and extraction solvent, respectively. After manual shaking, the mixture was centrifuged. In the presence of NaCl, a two-phase system was formed: upper phase - acetonitrile containing phthalate esters -and lower phase - aqueous phase containing soluble compounds and the precipitated proteins. After the extraction of phthalate esters from milk, a portion of supernatant phase (acetonitrile) was removed, mixed with 1,2-dibromoethane at microliter level and injected by syringe into NaCl solution. After the extraction of the selected phthalate esters into 1,2-dibromoethane, phase separation was performed by centrifugation and the enriched analytes in the sedimented phase were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under the optimum extraction conditions, low limits of detection and quantification between 1.5-3 and 2.5-11 ng/mL, respectively was observed. Enrichment factors were in the range of 397-499. The relative standard deviations for the extraction of 100 ng/mL of each phthalate ester were in the range of 3-4% (n = 6). Finally, some milk samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method and two analytes, di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhyxel phthalate, were determined in them in nanogram per milliliter level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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74
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Zhang JW, Ke XJ, Wang YK, Du X, Ma JJ, Li JC. Development of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop for the Determination of Trace Cobalt in Water Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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75
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao B, Du X, Ma J, Li J. Development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for the determination of trace nickel. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1381-93. [PMID: 21598026 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A liquid-phase microextraction technique was developed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, for the extraction and determination of trace amounts of nickel in water samples. Microextraction efficiency factors, such as the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, pH, extraction time, the chelating agent amount, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 4.23-250 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 1.27 μg L(-1). The relative standard deviation for ten replicate measurements of 10 and 100 μg L(-1) of nickel were 3.21% and 2.55%, respectively. The proposed method was assessed through the analysis of certified reference water or recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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76
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77
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Kazemi E, Shokoufi N, Shemirani F. Indium determination and preconcentration using fiber optic linear array detection spectrometry combined with dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Farhadi K, Maleki R. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by HPLC-DAD as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for the Determination of Patulin from Apple Juice and Concentrate Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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79
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Bidari A, Ganjali MR, Assadi Y, Kiani A, Norouzi P. Assay of Total Mercury in Commercial Food Supplements of Marine Origin by Means of DLLME/ICP-AES. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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80
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Sereshti H, Izadmanesh Y, Samadi S. Optimized ultrasonic assisted extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for determination of essential oil of Oliveria decumbens Vent. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4593-8. [PMID: 21679955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic assisted extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UAE-DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) was applied for extraction and determination of essential oil constituents of the plant Oliveria decumbens Vent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to see the effect of ultrasonic radiation on the extraction efficiency. By comparison with hydrodistillation, UAE-DLLME is fast, low cost, simple, efficient and consuming small amount of plant materials (∼1.0 g). The effects of various parameters such as temperature, ultrasonication time, volume of disperser and extraction solvents were investigated by a full factorial design to identify significant variables and their interactions. The results demonstrated that temperature and ultrasonication time had no considerable effect on the results. In the next step, a central composite design (CCD) was performed to obtain the optimum levels of significant parameters. The obtained optimal conditions were: 0.45 mL for disperser solvent (acetonitrile) and 94.84 μL for extraction solvent (chlorobenzene). The limits of detection (LODs), linear dynamic range and determination coefficients (R(2)) were 0.2-29 ng mL(-1), 1-2100 ng mL(-1) and 0.995-0.998, respectively. The main components of the essential oil were: thymol (47.06%), carvacrol (23.31%), gamma-terpinene (18.94%), p-cymene (8.71%), limonene (0.76%) and myristicin (0.63%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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81
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Separation and preconcentration system based on microextraction with ionic liquid for determination of copper in water and food samples by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1086-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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82
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Farajzadeh MA, Djozan D, Mogaddam MRA, Bamorowat M. Extraction and preconcentration technique for triazole pesticides from cow milk using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by GC-FID and GC-MS determinations. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1309-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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83
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Simultaneous determination of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and tris(2-chloroethyl)ester in environmental waters by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2011; 29:115-9. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2011.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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84
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Krylov VA, Krylov AV, Mosyagin PV, Matkivskaya YO. Liquid-phase microextraction preconcentration of impurities. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Wang WX, Yang TJ, Li ZG, Jong TT, Lee MR. A novel method of ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of trace organoarsenic compounds in edible oil. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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86
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Determination of Se(IV) using solidified floating organic drop microextraction coupled to ultrasound-assisted back-extraction and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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87
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Bidari A, Ganjali MR, Assadi Y, Norouzi P. A novel methodology based on solvents less dense than through dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: application in quantitation of in fruit juices and soft drinks by fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:724-730. [PMID: 32938097 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study a novel methodology is proposed for utilizing solvents less dense than water by using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique. Conventional microextraction vessels and facile strategy have been used. We have avoided using routine microextraction solvents in the DLLME procedure that are mostly chlorinated, dense, environmentally hazardous and expensive which limits the application of this method to some extent. The aforesaid process has been combined with fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry (FO-LADS) with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector benefiting of a micro-cell. l-Ascorbate was selected as a model compound and the proposed method was carried out for preconcentration and assay of iodine produced by reduction of potassium iodate in fruit juices, soft drinks and pharmaceutical preparations. The influences of the various analytical parameters on the microextraction procedure and oxidation reaction have been evaluated and optimized. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by parallel analyses as the reference method (ISO 6557/2). The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.76-26.40 μg mL-1 of l-ascorbate with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9912. The LOD obtained from the calibration curve was 0.40 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Bidari
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Assadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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88
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Determination of cadmium and copper in water and food samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with UV–vis spectrophotometry. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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89
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New method for microextraction of ultra trace quantities of gold in real samples using ultrasound-assisted emulsification of solidified floating organic drops. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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90
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Ultrasound assisted-hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of selenium in vegetable and fruit samples by using GF-AAS. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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91
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Molaakbari E, Mostafavi A, Afzali D. Ionic liquid ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for preconcentration of trace amounts of rhodium prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:647-52. [PMID: 20971554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we consider ionic liquid based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace amounts of rhodium from aqueous samples and show that this is a fast and reliable sample pre-treatment for the determination of rhodium ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The Rh(III) was transferred into its complex with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino phenol as a chelating agent, and an ultrasonic bath with the ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide at room temperature was used to extract the analyte. The centrifuged rhodium complex was then enriched in the form of ionic liquid droplets and prior to its analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, 300 μL ethanol was added to the ionic liquid-rich phase. Finally, the influence of various parameters on the recovery of Rh(III) was optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 4.0-500.0 ng mL(-1), the detection limit was 0.37 ng mL(-1) (3S(b)/m, n = 7) and the relative standard deviation was ±1.63% (n = 7, C = 200 ng mL(-1)). The results show that ionic liquid based ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, is a rapid, simple, sensitive and efficient analytical method for the separation and determination of trace amounts of Rh(III) ions with minimum organic solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Molaakbari
- Chemistry Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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92
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Jafarvand S, Shemirani F. Supramolecular-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: A novel sample preparation technique utilizes coacervates and reverse micelles. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:455-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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93
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Marguí E, Floor GH, Hidalgo M, Kregsamer P, Román-Ross G, Streli C, Queralt I. Analytical possibilities of total reflection X-ray spectrometry (TXRF) for trace selenium determination in soils. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7744-51. [PMID: 20718426 DOI: 10.1021/ac101615w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium content of soils is an important issue due to the narrow range between the nutritious requirement and toxic effects upon Se exposure. However, its determination is challenging due to low concentrations within complex matrices that hamper the analysis in most spectroscopic techniques. In this study, we explored the possibilities of several analytical approaches combined with total reflection X-ray (TXRF) spectrometry for soil Se determinations. The direct analysis of a solid suspension using 20 mg of fine ground material (<50 μm) has a relatively high Se limit of detection (LOD) of 1 mg/kg (worldwide Se average in soils = 0.4 mg/kg) and is therefore only suitable for seleniferous soils. Several fast and simple analytical strategies were developed to decrease matrix effects and improve the LOD for Se determination in soil digests. On one hand, the application of a liquid-liquid extraction procedure using ethyl ether and the introduction of a Cr absorbent in the instrument configuration were carried out to avoid the associated problems on TXRF analysis of soil extracts due to the high Fe concentrations (∼700 mg/L). On the other hand, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (DLLME) before the TXRF analysis of the soil digest was also developed. The effects of various experimental parameters such as sample volume, effect of major elements present in the soil matrix (Fe), and Se concentration in the sample were investigated. The LOD using this analytical methodology (0.05 mg/kg of Se) was comparable to or lower than those obtained in previous works using other popular spectrometric techniques such as GFAAS, ICPMS, and AFS. The calculated Se concentration for JSAC-0411 ([Se] = 1.32 ± 0.27 mg/kg) using the combination of DLLME and TXRF ([Se] = 1.40 ± 0.23 mg/kg) was in agreement with the certified value.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marguí
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, CSIC, Solé Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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94
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Wu XD, Song JM, Li XG, Yuan HM, Li N. Behaviors of dissolved antimony in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2292-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10239g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Shokoufi N, Hamdamali A. Laser induced-thermal lens spectrometry in combination with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for trace analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 681:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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96
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Karimi M, Sereshti H, Samadi S, Parastar H. Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and improvement of detection limit of methyl tert-butyl ether in water with the aid of chemometrics. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7017-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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97
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Determination of five polar herbicides in water samples by ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3089-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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98
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Determination of cobalt in water samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after pre-concentration with a simple ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction methodology. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA rapid dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) methodology based on the application of 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate [C6py][PF6] ionic liquid (IL) as an extractant solvent was applied for the pre-concentration of trace levels of cobalt prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) was employed as a chelator forming a Co-PMBP complex to extract cobalt ions from aqueous solution into the fine droplets of [C6py][PF6]. Some effective factors that influence the micro-extraction efficiency include the pH, the PMBP concentration, the amount of ionic liquid, the ionic strength, the temperature and the centrifugation time which were investigated and optimized. In the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (3s) and the enrichment factor were 0.70 µg L−1 and 60, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate determinations of 50 µg L−1 Co was 2.36%. The calibration graph using the pre-concentration system was linear at levels 2–166 µg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by the determination of trace amounts of cobalt in several water samples.
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99
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Pena-Pereira F, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. Liquid-phase microextraction approaches combined with atomic detection: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 669:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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100
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Yamini Y, Rezaee M, Khanchi A, Faraji M, Saleh A. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop followed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry as a fast technique for the simultaneous determination of heavy metals. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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