Physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents formed by choline chloride and phenolic compounds at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K: The influence of electronic effect of substitution group

The physicochemical properties of a room-temperature liquidus binary ionic liquid mixture of [HNMP][CH3SO3]/[Bmim]Cl and its application for fructose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Via heating first and then cooling, binary ionic liquid (IL) mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium methylsulfonate ([HNMP][CH₃SO₃]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) could form a liquid at room temperature. The glass-transition temperature (T_g) characterized by DSC depends on its composition with T_g being as low as −63 °C. The physicochemical properties of the binary IL mixtures also vary with the composition. With the increase of the mole fraction of [Bmim]Cl, the hydrogen-bond accepting ability (β) of the binary IL mixture increases, but the hydrogen-bond donating ability (α) deceases. In this binary IL mixture, fructose could be effectively converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) at room temperature. The HMF yields at a given time are found to be well correlated with the physicochemical properties of the binary mixture, especially the α and β values. Under specified conditions, the present IL mixture as medium for fructose dehydration into HMF is comparable to the medium formed by ILs and alcohol, where the alcohols have negative effect on the HMF formation.

A liquidus mixture of [HNMP][CH₃SO₃]/[Bmim]Cl has been characterized and tried as medium for room-temperature conversion of fructose into HMF.

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrroles using a deep eutectic solvent ([CholineCl][ZnCl2]3) under solvent-free sonication

A green and efficient method for Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis has been developed under mild conditions.