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Khammissa RAG, Altini M, Meer S, Lemmer J, Feller L. Oral mucosal melanoma. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- RAG Khammissa
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Altini
- Department of Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Meer
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J Lemmer
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Smith TT, Moffett HF, Stephan SB, Opel CF, Dumigan AG, Jiang X, Pillarisetty VG, Pillai SPS, Wittrup KD, Stephan MT. Biopolymers codelivering engineered T cells and STING agonists can eliminate heterogeneous tumors. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2176-2191. [PMID: 28436934 DOI: 10.1172/jci87624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies using T cells that are programmed to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) consistently produce positive results in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, CAR T cell treatments are less effective in solid tumors for several reasons. First, lymphocytes do not efficiently target CAR T cells; second, solid tumors create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that inactivates T cell responses; and third, solid cancers are typified by phenotypic diversity and thus include cells that do not express proteins targeted by the engineered receptors, enabling the formation of escape variants that elude CAR T cell targeting. Here, we have tested implantable biopolymer devices that deliver CAR T cells directly to the surfaces of solid tumors, thereby exposing them to high concentrations of immune cells for a substantial time period. In immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer and melanoma, we found that CAR T cells can migrate from biopolymer scaffolds and eradicate tumors more effectively than does systemic delivery of the same cells. We have also demonstrated that codelivery of stimulator of IFN genes (STING) agonists stimulates immune responses to eliminate tumor cells that are not recognized by the adoptively transferred lymphocytes. Thus, these devices may improve the effectiveness of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors and help protect against the emergence of escape variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrel T Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Howell F Moffett
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sirkka B Stephan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cary F Opel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy G Dumigan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Smitha P S Pillai
- Comparative Pathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias T Stephan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Khalil DN, Postow MA, Ibrahim N, Ludwig DL, Cosaert J, Kambhampati SRP, Tang S, Grebennik D, Kauh JSW, Lenz HJ, Flaherty KT, Hodi FS, Lawrence DP, Wolchok JD. An Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Phase I Study of Anti-TYRP1 Monoclonal Antibody IMC-20D7S for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5204-5210. [PMID: 27797971 PMCID: PMC5117650 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is specifically expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Preclinical data suggest that mAbs targeting TYRP1 confer antimelanoma activity. IMC-20D7S is a recombinant human IgG1 mAb targeting TYRP1. Here, we report the first-in-human phase I/Ib trial of IMC-20D7S. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The primary objective of this study was to establish the safety profile and the MTD of IMC-20D7S. Patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after or during at least one line of treatment or for whom standard therapy was not indicated enrolled in this standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation, open-label study. IMC-20D7S was administered intravenously every 2 or 3 weeks. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. The most common adverse events were fatigue and constipation experienced by nine (33%) and eight (30%) patients, respectively. There were no serious adverse events related to treatment, no discontinuations of treatment due to adverse events, and no treatment-related deaths. Given the absence of dose-limiting toxicities, an MTD was not defined, but a provisional MTD was established at the 20 mg/kg every 2-week dose based on serum concentration and safety data. One patient experienced a complete response. A disease control rate, defined as stable disease or better, of 41% was observed. CONCLUSION IMC-20D7S is well tolerated among patients with advanced melanoma with evidence of antitumor activity. Further investigation of this agent as monotherapy in selected patients or as part of combination regimens is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5204-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny N Khalil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, New York.
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miRNA signatures and transcriptional regulation of their target genes in vitiligo. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Semenova EA, Kwon MC, Monkhorst K, Song JY, Bhaskaran R, Krijgsman O, Kuilman T, Peters D, Buikhuisen WA, Smit EF, Pritchard C, Cozijnsen M, van der Vliet J, Zevenhoven J, Lambooij JP, Proost N, van Montfort E, Velds A, Huijbers IJ, Berns A. Transcription Factor NFIB Is a Driver of Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression in Mice and Marks Metastatic Disease in Patients. Cell Rep 2016; 16:631-43. [PMID: 27373156 PMCID: PMC4956617 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor, and no effective treatment is available to date. Mouse models of SCLC based on the inactivation of Rb1 and Trp53 show frequent amplifications of the Nfib and Mycl genes. Here, we report that, although overexpression of either transcription factor accelerates tumor growth, NFIB specifically promotes metastatic spread. High NFIB levels are associated with expansive growth of a poorly differentiated and almost exclusively E-cadherin (CDH1)-negative invasive tumor cell population. Consistent with the mouse data, we find that NFIB is overexpressed in almost all tested human metastatic high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors, warranting further assessment of NFIB as a tumor progression marker in a clinical setting. NFIB drives tumor initiation and progression in mouse models of SCLC NFIB enhances metastasis and changes the metastatic profile NFIB promotes dedifferentiation and invasion in SCLC NFIB marks stage III/IV high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Semenova
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Min-Chul Kwon
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Rajith Bhaskaran
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility for Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Wieneke A Buikhuisen
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research Transgenic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Cozijnsen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Vliet
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - John Zevenhoven
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul Lambooij
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Montfort
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Arno Velds
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging research Transgenic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia.
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Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the head and face. Head Face Med 2016; 12:11. [PMID: 26850723 PMCID: PMC4744388 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-016-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet light (UV) is an important risk factor for cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma of the skin. These cancers most commonly affect persons with fair skin and blue eyes who sunburn rather than suntan. However, each of these cancers appears to be associated with a different pattern of UV exposure and to be mediated by different intracellular molecular pathways. Some melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants play a direct role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma apart from their role in determining a cancer-prone pigmentory phenotype (fair skin, red hair, blue eyes) through their interactions with other genes regulating immuno-inflammatory responses, DNA repair or apoptosis. In this short review we focus on the aetiological role of UV in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma of the skin, and on some associated biopathological events.
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Jin SG, Xiong W, Wu X, Yang L, Pfeifer GP. The DNA methylation landscape of human melanoma. Genomics 2015; 106:322-30. [PMID: 26384656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using MIRA-seq, we have characterized the DNA methylome of metastatic melanoma and normal melanocytes. Individual tumors contained several thousand hypermethylated regions. We discovered 179 tumor-specific methylation peaks present in all (27/27) melanomas that may be effective disease biomarkers, and 3113 methylation peaks were seen in >40% of the tumors. We found that 150 of the approximately 1200 tumor-associated methylation peaks near transcription start sites (TSSs) were marked by H3K27me3 in melanocytes. DNA methylation in melanoma was specific for distinct H3K27me3 peaks rather than for broadly covered regions. However, numerous H3K27me3 peak-associated TSS regions remained devoid of DNA methylation in tumors. There was no relationship between BRAF mutations and the number of methylation peaks. Gene expression analysis showed upregulated immune response genes in melanomas presumably as a result of lymphocyte infiltration. Down-regulated genes were enriched for melanocyte differentiation factors; e.g., KIT, PAX3 and SOX10 became methylated and downregulated in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gi Jin
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wenying Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gerd P Pfeifer
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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El Hajj P, Gilot D, Migault M, Theunis A, van Kempen LC, Salés F, Fayyad-Kazan H, Badran B, Larsimont D, Awada A, Bachelot L, Galibert MD, Ghanem G, Journe F. SNPs at miR-155 binding sites of TYRP1 explain discrepancy between mRNA and protein and refine TYRP1 prognostic value in melanoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:91-8. [PMID: 26068396 PMCID: PMC4647532 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated an inverse correlation between tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) mRNA expression in melanoma metastases and patient survival. However, TYRP1 protein was not detected in half of tissues expressing mRNA and did not correlate with survival. Based on a study reporting that 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of TYRP1 mRNA contains two miR-155-5p (named miR-155) binding sites exhibiting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that promote (matched miRNA–mRNA interaction) mRNA decay or not (mismatched), we aimed to investigate the role of miR-155 in the regulation of TYRP1 mRNA expression and protein translation accounting for these SNPs. Methods: The effect of miR-155 on TYRP1 mRNA/protein expression was evaluated in two melanoma cell lines harbouring matched or mismatched miR-155–TYRP1 mRNA interaction after transfection with pre-miR-155. In parallel, 192 skin and lymph node melanoma metastases were examined for TYRP1 mRNA/protein, miR-155 and SNPs and correlated with patient survival. TYRP1 mRNA, SNPs at its 3′UTR and miR-155 were analysed by RT–qPCR, whereas TYRP1 protein was evaluated by western blot in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in metastatic tissues. Results: The miR-155 induced a dose-dependent TYRP1 mRNA decay and hampered its translation into protein in the line with the ‘match' genotype. In melanoma metastases, TYRP1 mRNA inversely correlated with miR-155 expression but not with TYRP1 protein in the ‘match' group, whereas it positively correlated with protein but not with miR-155 in the ‘mismatch' group. Consequently, in the latter group, TYRP1 protein inversely correlated with survival. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in 3′UTR of TYRP1 mRNA can affect TYRP1 mRNA regulation by miR-155 and its subsequent translation into protein. These SNPs can render TYRP1 mRNA and protein expression nonsusceptible to miR-155 activity and disclose a prognostic value for TYRP1 protein in a subgroup of melanoma patients. These data support the interest in the prognostic value of melanogenic markers and propose TYRP1 to refine prognosis in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P El Hajj
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Gilot
- CNRS UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - M Migault
- CNRS UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Theunis
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L C van Kempen
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1E2 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F Salés
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Badran
- Department of Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Rafic Campus, 1003 Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - D Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Awada
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Bachelot
- CNRS UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - M-D Galibert
- CNRS UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - G Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Heger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Hardman JA, Tobin DJ, Haslam IS, Farjo N, Farjo B, Al-Nuaimi Y, Grimaldi B, Paus R. The peripheral clock regulates human pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1053-1064. [PMID: 25310406 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the regulation of pigmentation is well characterized, it remains unclear whether cell-autonomous controls regulate the cyclic on-off switching of pigmentation in the hair follicle (HF). As human HFs and epidermal melanocytes express clock genes and proteins, and given that core clock genes (PER1, BMAL1) modulate human HF cycling, we investigated whether peripheral clock activity influences human HF pigmentation. We found that silencing BMAL1 or PER1 in human HFs increased HF melanin content. Furthermore, tyrosinase expression and activity, as well as TYRP1 and TYRP2 mRNA levels, gp100 protein expression, melanocyte dendricity, and the number gp100+ HF melanocytes, were all significantly increased in BMAL1 and/or PER1-silenced HFs. BMAL1 or PER1 silencing also increased epidermal melanin content, gp100 protein expression, and tyrosinase activity in human skin. These effects reflect direct modulation of melanocytes, as BMAL1 and/or PER1 silencing in isolated melanocytes increased tyrosinase activity and TYRP1/2 expression. Mechanistically, BMAL1 knockdown reduces PER1 transcription, and PER1 silencing induces phosphorylation of the master regulator of melanogenesis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, thus stimulating human melanogenesis and melanocyte activity in situ and in vitro. Therefore, the molecular clock operates as a cell-autonomous modulator of human pigmentation and may be targeted for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hardman
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Doctoral Training Centre in Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Yusur Al-Nuaimi
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Benedetto Grimaldi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Ralf Paus
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Xu Y, Zhang XH, Pang YZ. Association of Tyrosinase (TYR) and Tyrosinase-related Protein 1 (TYRP1) with Melanic Plumage Color in Korean Quails (Coturnix coturnix). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1518-22. [PMID: 25049736 PMCID: PMC4093817 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
TYR (Tyrosinase) and TYRP1 (Tyrosinase-related protein 1) play crucial roles in determining the coat color of birds. In this paper, we aimed to characterize the relationship of TYR and TYRP1 genes with plumage colors in Korean quails. The SNPs were searched by cDNA sequencing and PCR-SSCP in three plumage color Korean quails (maroon, white and black plumage). Two SNPs (367T→C and 1153C→T) were found in the coding region of TYRP1 gene, but had no significant association with plumage phenotype in Korean quails. The expression of TYR was higher in black plumage quails than that in maroon plumage quails. In contrast, the expression of TYRP1 was lower in black plumage quails than that in maroon plumage quails. This study suggested that the melanic plumage color in Korean quails may be associated with either increased production of TYR or decreased production of TYRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- College of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - You-Zhi Pang
- College of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
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Mendes E, Perry MDJ, Francisco AP. Design and discovery of mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and their therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:533-54. [PMID: 24708040 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.907789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tyrosinase inhibitors could have a huge importance in medicine, cosmetics and agriculture. Although many tyrosinase inhibitors are available, they have demonstrated only mild efficacy and safety concerns. This has led to the discovery of novel tyrosinase inhibitors that are more safe, potent and efficacious. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview of the recent scientific accounts describing the design of new molecules. These compounds belong to different chemical families. The review emphasizes the rationale behind the discovery, the study of structure-activity relationships, the study of the mechanism and kinetic of inhibition and the cellular effect of the inhibitors. The article is based on the literature published from 2007 onward related with the development of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although a great number of tyrosinase inhibitors have been published in the literature, none, as of yet, have reached the potency and safety requirements needed to enter clinical trials. The emergence of new in vitro and in vivo tests will finally allow the arrival of new compounds that are more potent and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa , Portugal
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Huang Y, Yi X, Jian Z, Wei C, Li S, Cai C, Zhang P, Li K, Guo S, Liu L, Shi Q, Gao T, Li C. A single-nucleotide polymorphism of miR-196a-2 and vitiligo: an association study and functional analysis in a Han Chinese population. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:338-47. [PMID: 23433405 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | | | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology; General Hospital of Air Force; Beijing; China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; China
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Liu Y, Devescovi V, Chen S, Nardini C. Multilevel omic data integration in cancer cell lines: advanced annotation and emergent properties. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:14. [PMID: 23418673 PMCID: PMC3610285 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background High-throughput (omic) data have become more widespread in both quantity and frequency of use, thanks to technological advances, lower costs and higher precision. Consequently, computational scientists are confronted by two parallel challenges: on one side, the design of efficient methods to interpret each of these data in their own right (gene expression signatures, protein markers, etc.) and, on the other side, realization of a novel, pressing request from the biological field to design methodologies that allow for these data to be interpreted as a whole, i.e. not only as the union of relevant molecules in each of these layers, but as a complex molecular signature containing proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, all of which must be directly associated in the results of analyses that are able to capture inter-layers connections and complexity. Results We address the latter of these two challenges by testing an integrated approach on a known cancer benchmark: the NCI-60 cell panel. Here, high-throughput screens for mRNA, miRNA and proteins are jointly analyzed using factor analysis, combined with linear discriminant analysis, to identify the molecular characteristics of cancer. Comparisons with separate (non-joint) analyses show that the proposed integrated approach can uncover deeper and more precise biological information. In particular, the integrated approach gives a more complete picture of the set of miRNAs identified and the Wnt pathway, which represents an important surrogate marker of melanoma progression. We further test the approach on a more challenging patient-dataset, for which we are able to identify clinically relevant markers. Conclusions The integration of multiple layers of omics can bring more information than analysis of single layers alone. Using and expanding the proposed integrated framework to integrate omic data from other molecular levels will allow researchers to uncover further systemic information. The application of this approach to a clinically challenging dataset shows its promising potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1/gp75) in human cutaneous melanoma. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:150-5. [PMID: 21324755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma prognosis is based on specific pathological features at the primary lesion. In metastatic patients, the extent of lymph node involvement is also an important prognosis indicator. Many progression markers both in tissues and serum, including circulating tumor cells, have been studied and new molecular markers are awaited from high-throughput screenings to discriminate between clinical stages and predict disease progression. The present review focuses on human tyrosinase related protein 1 also known as gp75 glycoprotein (Tyrp1/gp75), a melanosomal protein involved in the pigmentary machinery of the melanocyte and often used as differentiation marker, with a special emphasis on its emerging roles in the malignant melanocyte and melanoma progression.
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