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Babiloni F, Cherubino P, Graziani I, Trettel A, Infarinato F, Picconi D, Borghini G, Maglione AG, Mattia D, Vecchiato G. Neuroelectric brain imaging during a real visit of a fine arts gallery: a neuroaesthetic study of XVII century Dutch painters. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:6179-6182. [PMID: 24111151 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroaesthetic is a scientific discipline founded more than a decade ago and it refers to the study of the neural bases of beauty perception in art. The aim of this paper is to investigate the neuroelectrical correlates of brain activity of the observation of real paintings showed in a national fine arts gallery (Scuderie del Quirinale) in Rome, Italy. In fact, the present study was designed to examine how motivational factors as indexed by EEG asymmetry over the prefrontal cortex (relative activity of the left and right hemispheres) could be related to the experience of viewing a series of figurative paintings. The fine arts gallery was visited by a group of 25 subjects during an exhibition of the XVII century Dutch painters. Results suggested a strict correlation of the estimated EEG asymmetry with the verbal pleasantness scores reported by the subjects (p<0,05) and an inverse correlation of the perceived pleasantness with the observed painting's surface dimensions (p<0,002).
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52
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Sander MC, Lindenberger U, Werkle-Bergner M. Lifespan age differences in working memory: a two-component framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2007-33. [PMID: 22771333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We suggest that working memory (WM) performance can be conceptualized as the interplay of low-level feature binding processes and top-down control, relating to posterior and frontal brain regions and their interaction in a distributed neural network. We propose that due to age-differential trajectories of posterior and frontal brain regions top-down control processes are not fully mature until young adulthood and show marked decline with advancing age, whereas binding processes are relatively mature in children, but show senescent decline in older adults. A review of the literature spanning from middle childhood to old age shows that binding and top-down control processes undergo profound changes across the lifespan. We illustrate commonalities and dissimilarities between children, younger adults, and older adults reflecting the change in the two components' relative contribution to visual WM performance across the lifespan using results from our own lab. We conclude that an integrated account of visual WM lifespan changes combining research from behavioral neuroscience and cognitive psychology of child development as well as aging research opens avenues to advance our understanding of cognition in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam C Sander
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Lövdén M, Brehmer Y, Li SC, Lindenberger U. Training-induced compensation versus magnification of individual differences in memory performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:141. [PMID: 22615692 PMCID: PMC3351801 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Do individuals with higher levels of task-relevant cognitive resources gain more from training, or do they gain less? For episodic memory, empirical evidence is mixed. Here, we revisit this issue by applying structural equation models for capturing individual differences in change to data from 108 participants aged 9-12, 20-25, and 65-78 years. Participants learned and practiced an imagery-based mnemonic to encode and retrieve words by location cues. Initial mnemonic instructions reduced between-person differences in memory performance, whereas further practice after instruction magnified between-person differences. We conclude that strategy instruction compensates for inefficient processing among the initially less able. In contrast, continued practice magnifies ability-based between-person differences by uncovering individual differences in memory plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Brehmer
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlin, Germany
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human DevelopmentBerlin, Germany
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Werkle-Bergner M, Freunberger R, Sander MC, Lindenberger U, Klimesch W. Inter-individual performance differences in younger and older adults differentially relate to amplitude modulations and phase stability of oscillations controlling working memory contents. Neuroimage 2012; 60:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Sander MC, Werkle-Bergner M, Gerjets P, Shing YL, Lindenberger U. The two-component model of memory development, and its potential implications for educational settings. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2012; 2 Suppl 1:S67-77. [PMID: 22682913 PMCID: PMC6987700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently introduced a two-component model of the mechanisms underlying age differences in memory functioning across the lifespan. According to this model, memory performance is based on associative and strategic components. The associative component is relatively mature by middle childhood, whereas the strategic component shows a maturational lag and continues to develop until young adulthood. Focusing on work from our own lab, we review studies from the domains of episodic and working memory informed by this model, and discuss their potential implications for educational settings. The episodic memory studies uncover the latent potential of the associative component in childhood by documenting children's ability to greatly improve their memory performance following mnemonic instruction and training. The studies on working memory also point to an immature strategic component in children whose operation is enhanced under supportive conditions. Educational settings may aim at fostering the interplay between associative and strategic components. We explore possible routes towards this goal by linking our findings to recent trends in research on instructional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam C. Sander
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Yee Lee Shing
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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56
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On the use of EEG or MEG brain imaging tools in neuromarketing research. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2011; 2011:643489. [PMID: 21960996 PMCID: PMC3180786 DOI: 10.1155/2011/643489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we present an overview of some published papers of interest for the marketing research employing electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) methods. The interest for these methodologies relies in their high-temporal resolution as opposed to the investigation of such problem with the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) methodology, also largely used in the marketing research. In addition, EEG and MEG technologies have greatly improved their spatial resolution in the last decades with the introduction of advanced signal processing methodologies. By presenting data gathered through MEG and high resolution EEG we will show which kind of information it is possible to gather with these methodologies while the persons are watching marketing relevant stimuli. Such information will be related to the memorization and pleasantness related to such stimuli. We noted that temporal and frequency patterns of brain signals are able to provide possible descriptors conveying information about the cognitive and emotional processes in subjects observing commercial advertisements. These information could be unobtainable through common tools used in standard marketing research. We also show an example of how an EEG methodology could be used to analyze cultural differences between fruition of video commercials of carbonated beverages in Western and Eastern countries.
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Neurophysiological Measurements of Memorization and Pleasantness in Neuromarketing Experiments. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25775-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vecchiato G, Astolfi L, Cincotti F, De Vico Fallani F, Sorrentino DM, Mattia D, Salinari S, Bianchi L, Toppi J, Aloise F, Babiloni F. Patterns of cortical activity during the observation of Public Service Announcements and commercial advertisings. NONLINEAR BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS 2010; 4 Suppl 1:S3. [PMID: 20522264 PMCID: PMC2880800 DOI: 10.1186/1753-4631-4-s1-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present research we were interested to study the cerebral activity of a group of healthy subjects during the observation a documentary intermingled by a series of TV advertisements. In particular, we desired to examine whether Public Service Announcements (PSAs) are able to elicit a different pattern of activity, when compared with a different class of commercials, and correlate it with the memorization of the showed stimuli, as resulted from a following subject's verbal interview. METHODS We recorded the EEG signals from a group of 15 healthy subjects and applied the High Resolution EEG techniques in order to estimate and map their Power Spectral Density (PSD) on a realistic cortical model. The single subjects' activities have been z-score transformed and then grouped to define four different datasets, related to subjects who remembered and forgotten the PSAs and to subjects who remembered and forgotten cars commercials (CAR) respectively, which we contrasted to investigate cortical areas involved in this encoding process. RESULTS The results we here present show that the cortical activity elicited during the observation of the TV commercials that were remembered (RMB) is higher and localized in the left frontal brain areas when compared to the activity elicited during the vision of the TV commercials that were forgotten (FRG) in theta and gamma bands for both categories of advertisements (PSAs and CAR). Moreover, the cortical maps associated with the PSAs also show an increase of activity in the alpha and beta band. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the TV advertisements that will be remembered by the experimental population have increased their cerebral activity, mainly in the left hemisphere. These results seem to be congruent with and well inserted in the already existing literature, on this topic, related to the HERA model. The different pattern of activity in different frequency bands elicited by the observation of PSAs may be justified by the existence of additional cortical networks processing these kind of audiovisual stimuli. Further research with an extended set of subjects will be necessary to further validate the observations reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vecchiato
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Astolfi
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Department of Informatica e Sistemistica, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Febo Cincotti
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Serenella Salinari
- Department of Informatica e Sistemistica, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Bianchi
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Dept of Neuroscience, University “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Jlena Toppi
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Department of Informatica e Sistemistica, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Babiloni
- IRCCS "Fondazione Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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Zöllig J, Martin M, Kliegel M. Forming intentions successfully: Differential compensational mechanisms of adolescents and old adults. Cortex 2010; 46:575-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vecchiato G, Astolfi L, De Vico Fallani F, Cincotti F, Mattia D, Salinari S, Soranzo R, Babiloni F. Changes in Brain Activity During the Observation of TV Commercials by Using EEG, GSR and HR Measurements. Brain Topogr 2009; 23:165-79. [PMID: 20033272 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shing YL, Werkle-Bergner M, Brehmer Y, Müller V, Li SC, Lindenberger U. Episodic memory across the lifespan: the contributions of associative and strategic components. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:1080-91. [PMID: 19896974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural and functional brain circuitries supporting episodic memory undergo profound reorganization in childhood and old age. We propose a two-component framework that combines and integrates evidence from child development and aging. It posits that episodic memory builds on two interacting components: (a) the strategic component, which refers to memory control operations, and (b) the associative component, which refers to mechanisms that bind different features of a memory episode into a compound representation. We hypothesize that: (a) children's difficulties in episodic memory primarily originate from low levels of strategic operations, and reflect the protracted development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC); (b) deficits in episodic memory performance among older adults originate from impairments in both strategic and associative components, reflecting senescent changes in the PFC and the medio-temporal lobes (MTL). Initial behavioral and neural evidence is consistent with both hypotheses. The two-component framework highlights the specificities of episodic memory in different age periods, helps to identify and dissociate its components, and contributes to understanding the interplay among maturation, learning, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lee Shing
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany.
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63
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Shing YL, Werkle-Bergner M, Li SC, Lindenberger U. Committing memory errors with high confidence: older adults do but children don't. Memory 2009; 17:169-79. [PMID: 18608975 DOI: 10.1080/09658210802190596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated lifespan differences of confidence calibration in episodic memory, particularly the susceptibility to high-confidence errors within samples of children, teenagers, younger adults, and older adults. Using an associative recognition memory paradigm, we drew a direct link between older adults' associative deficit and high-confidence errors. We predicted that only older adults would show high-confidence error even though their memory performance was at a similar level to that of children. Participants of all ages showed higher confidence following correct responses compared to incorrect responses, demonstrating the ability to calibrate subjective confidence in relation to memory accuracy. However, older adults were disproportionately more likely to indicate high confidence following erroneously remembered word pairs than participants of the other three age groups. Results are discussed in relation to the misrecollection account of high-confidence errors and ageing-related decline in hippocampus-dependent episodic memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lee Shing
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
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64
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Naveh-Benjamin M, Shing YL, Kilb A, Werkle-Bergner M, Lindenberger U, Li SC. Adult age differences in memory for name-face associations: The effects of intentional and incidental learning. Memory 2009; 17:220-32. [PMID: 18654927 DOI: 10.1080/09658210802222183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that older adults have a special deficit in the encoding and retrieval of associations. The current study assessed this deficit using ecologically valid name-face pairs. In two experiments, younger and older participants learned a series of name-face pairs under intentional and incidental learning instructions, respectively, and were then tested for their recognition of the faces, the names, and the associations between the names and faces. Under incidental encoding conditions older adults' performance was uniformly lower than younger adults in all three tests, indicating age-related impairments in episodic memory representations. An age-related deficit specific to associations was found under intentional but not under incidental learning conditions, highlighting the importance of strategic associative processes and their decline in older adults. Separate analyses of hits and false alarms indicate that older adults' associative deficit originated from high false alarm rates in the associative test. Older adults' high false alarm rates potentially reflect their reduced ability to recollect the study-phase name-face pairs in the presence of intact familiarity with individual names and faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Naveh-Benjamin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.
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Sakkalis V, Tsiaras V, Michalopoulos K, Zervakis M. Assessment of neural dynamic coupling and causal interactions between independent EEG components from cognitive tasks using linear and nonlinear methods. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2008:3767-70. [PMID: 19163531 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years there has been an increased interest in studying the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive brain activity. In this direction, we study the brain activity based on its independent components instead of the EEG signal itself. Both linear and nonlinear synchronization measures are applied to EEG components, which are free of volume conduction effects and background noise. More specifically, a robust nonlinear state-space generalized synchronization assessment method and the recently introduced partial directed coherence are investigated in a working memory paradigm, during mental rehearsal of pictures. The latter is a linear method able to assess not only the independence of the brain regions, but also the direction of the statistically significant relationships. The results are in accordance with previous psychophysiology studies suggesting increased synchrony between prefrontal and parietal components during the rehearsal process, most prominently in gamma (ca. 40 Hz) band. This study indicates that functional connectivity during cognitive processes may be successfully assessed using independent components, which reflect distinct spatial patterns of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Sakkalis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece.
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Hanslmayr S, Spitzer B, Bäuml KH. Brain Oscillations Dissociate between Semantic and Nonsemantic Encoding of Episodic Memories. Cereb Cortex 2008; 19:1631-40. [PMID: 19001457 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hanslmayr
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Universitätsstrase 31, Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
This final article provides an overview and commentary on some of the methods, findings and interpretations discussed in the preceding papers. Some major commonalities among them are highlighted and possible questions for future research projects are suggested. Topics discussed include plasticity, compensation and dedifferentiation, representation and control, memory and learning-all considered under the general heading of brain-behavior relations, and how they change across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus I M Craik
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, Canada M6A 2E1.
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Lindenberger U, Li SC, Bäckman L. Delineating brain–behavior mappings across the lifespan: Substantive and methodological advances in developmental neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30:713-7. [PMID: 16928401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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