51
|
del Hoyo P, García-Redondo A, de Bustos F, Molina JA, Sayed Y, Alonso-Navarro H, Caballero L, Arenas J, Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. Oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts cultures from patients with Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:95. [PMID: 20958999 PMCID: PMC2976734 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of the mitochondrial complex I of the respiratory chain, catalase and glutathione-peroxidase, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione have been reported. These observations suggest that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in the neurodegeneration in PD. We assessed enzymatic activities of respiratory chain and other enzymes involved in oxidative processes in skin fibroblasts cultures of patients with PD. METHODS We studied respiratory chain enzyme activities, activities of total, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide-dismutase, gluthatione-peroxidase and catalase, and coenzyme Q10 levels in skin fibroblasts cultures from 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 19 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. RESULTS When compared with controls, PD patients showed significantly lower specific activities for complex V (both corrected by citrate synthase activity and protein concentrations). Oxidized, reduced and total coenzyme Q10 levels (both corrected by citrate synthase and protein concentrations), and activities of total, Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide-dismutase, gluthatione-peroxidase and catalase, did not differ significantly between PD-patients and control groups. Values for enzyme activities in the PD group did not correlate with age at onset, duration, scores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scales and Hoehn-Yahr staging. CONCLUSIONS The main result of this study was the decreased activity of complex V in PD patients. This complex synthesizes ATP from ADP using an electrochemical gradient generated by complexes I-IV. These results suggest decreased energetic metabolism in fibroblasts of patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar del Hoyo
- Departamento de Bioquímica - Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica - Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de Bustos
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Molina
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Youssef Sayed
- Departamento de Medicina-Neurología. Hospital. "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina-Neurología. Hospital. "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Neurología, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Caballero
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Departamento de Bioquímica - Investigación, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José AG Agúndez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Medicina-Neurología. Hospital. "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Neurología, Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Proteomic analysis of expression and protein interactions in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat brain lesion model. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
53
|
Diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson's disease: a pathogenetically based approach. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 39:229-41. [PMID: 20451609 PMCID: PMC7126274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inaccuracy of the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been a major incentive for studies aimed at the identification of biomarkers. Brain-derived cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins are potential biomarkers considering the major role that proteins play in PD pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the current hypotheses about the pathogenesis of PD and identify the most promising candidate biomarkers among the CSF proteins studied so far. The list of potential markers includes proteins involved in various pathogenetic processes, such as oxidative stress and protein aggregation. This list will undoubtedly grow in the near future by application of CSF proteomics and subsequent validation of identified proteins. Probably a single biomarker will not suffice to reach high sensitivity and specificity, because PD is pathogenetically heterogeneous and shares etiological factors with other neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, identified candidate biomarkers will have to be thoroughly validated before they can be implemented as diagnostic aids.
Collapse
|
54
|
Kthiri F, Le HT, Gautier V, Caldas T, Malki A, Landoulsi A, Bohn C, Bouloc P, Richarme G. Protein aggregation in a mutant deficient in yajL, the bacterial homolog of the Parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10328-36. [PMID: 20124404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.077529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
YajL is the closest prokaryotic homolog of the parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1 (40% sequence identity and similar three-dimensional structure), a protein of unknown function involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. We report here that a yajL mutant of Escherichia coli displays an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. It also exhibits a protein aggregation phenotype in aerobiosis, but not in anaerobiosis or in aerobic cells overexpressing superoxide dismutase, suggesting that protein aggregation depends on the presence of reactive oxygen species produced by respiratory chains. The protein aggregation phenotype of the yajL mutant, which can be rescued by the wild-type yajL gene, but not by the corresponding cysteine 106 mutant allele, is similar to that of multiple mutants deficient in superoxide dismutases and catalases, although intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were not increased in the yajL mutant, suggesting that protein aggregation in this strain does not result from a hydrogen peroxide detoxification defect. Aggregation-prone proteins included 17 ribosomal proteins, the ATP synthase beta subunit, flagellin, and the outer membrane proteins OmpA and PAL; all of them are part of multiprotein complexes, suggesting that YajL might be involved in optimal expression of these complexes, especially during oxidative stress. YajL stimulated the renaturation of urea-unfolded citrate synthase and the solubilization of the urea-unfolded ribosomal proteins S1 and L3 and was more efficient as a chaperone in its oxidized form than in its reduced form. The mRNA levels of several aggregated proteins of the yajL mutant were severely affected, suggesting that YajL also acts at the level of gene expression. These two functions of YajL might explain the protein aggregation phenotype of the yajL mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatoum Kthiri
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wang HQ, Xu YX, Zhao XY, Zhao H, Yan J, Sun XB, Guo JC, Zhu CQ. Overexpression of F0F1-ATP synthase α suppresses mutant huntingtin aggregation and toxicity in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:1294-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
56
|
Artal-Sanz M, Tavernarakis N. Prohibitin and mitochondrial biology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:394-401. [PMID: 19733482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitins are ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved proteins that are mainly localized in mitochondria. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex comprises two subunits, PHB1 and PHB2. These two proteins assemble into a ring-like macromolecular structure at the inner mitochondrial membrane and are implicated in diverse cellular processes: from mitochondrial biogenesis and function to cell death and replicative senescence. In humans, prohibitins have been associated with various types of cancer. While their biochemical function remains poorly understood, studies in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals have provided significant insights into the role of the prohibitin complex in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. Here we review recent studies and discuss their implications for deciphering the function of prohibitins in mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Artal-Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Heterogeneity of nervous system mitochondria: Location, location, location! Exp Neurol 2009; 218:293-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
58
|
Navarro A, Boveris A, Bández MJ, Sánchez-Pino MJ, Gómez C, Muntané G, Ferrer I. Human brain cortex: mitochondrial oxidative damage and adaptive response in Parkinson disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1574-80. [PMID: 19298851 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontal cortex samples from frozen human brains were used to assess tissue respiration; content of mitochondria; mitochondrial oxygen uptake; activity of respiratory complexes and of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS); content of cytochromes a, b, and c; oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and TBARS); and expression of Mn-SOD in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in comparison with those of normal healthy controls. Brain cortex and mitochondrial O(2) uptake and complex I activity were significantly lower in PD and DLB, whereas mtNOS activity, cytochrome content, expression of Mn-SOD, mitochondrial mass, and oxidative damage were significantly higher in the frontal cortex in PD and DLB. The decreases in tissue and mitochondrial O(2) uptake and in complex I activity are considered the consequences of mitochondrial oxidative damage. The increases in mtNOS activity and in mitochondrial mass are interpreted as an adaptive response of the frontal cortex that involves increased NO signaling for mitochondrial biogenesis. The adaptive response would partially compensate for mitochondrial dysfunction in these neurodegenerative diseases and would afford a human evolutionary response to shortage of ATP in the frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Liu X, Ren Z, Zhan R, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Leng X, Yang Z, Qian L. Prohibitin protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in cultured neonatal cardiomyocyte. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:311-9. [PMID: 18958584 PMCID: PMC2728267 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of myocardial injury, which is associated with cardiomyocyte death. Mitochondria play a key role in triggering the necrosis and apoptosis pathway of cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress. Although prohibitin (PHB) has been acknowledged as a mitochondrial chaperone, its functions in cardiomyocytes are poorly characterized. The present research was designed to investigate the cardioprotective role of PHB in mitochondria. Oxidative stress can increase the PHB content in mitochondria in a time-dependent manner. Overexpression of PHB in cultured cardiomyocytes by transfection of recombinant adenovirus vector containing PHB sense cDNA resulted in an increase of PHB in mitochondria. Compared with the non-transfection cardiomyocytes, PHB overexpression could protect the mitochondria from oxidative stress-induced injury. The mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway was consistently suppressed in PHB-overexpressed cardiomyocytes after hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment, including a reduced change in mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and an inhibited release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasma. As a result, the oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was suppressed. These data indicated that PHB protected the cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced damage, and that increasing PHB content in mitochondria constituted a new therapeutic target for myocardium injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHua Liu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhan
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - XinXing Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoMing Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhiQing Zhang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Leng
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - ZhiHua Yang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| | - LingJia Qian
- Department of Stress Medicine, Institute of Health & Environmental Medicine, DaLi Road 1, Tianjin, 300050 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Beyer K, Domingo-Sàbat M, Humbert J, Carrato C, Ferrer I, Ariza A. Differential expression of alpha-synuclein, parkin, and synphilin-1 isoforms in Lewy body disease. Neurogenetics 2008; 9:163-72. [PMID: 18335262 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-008-0124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein, parkin, and synphilin-1 are proteins mainly involved in the pathogenesis of Lewy body (LB) diseases. mRNAs of all three undergo alternative splicing, so that the existence of various isoforms has been described. Since increasing evidence supports the importance of differential isoform-expression changes in disease development, we have established isoform-expression profiles in frontal cortices of LB disease brains in comparison with those of Alzheimer disease (AD) and control frontal cortices. The differential expression of four alpha-synuclein, seven parkin, and four synphilin-1 isoforms was ascertained by the use of isoform-specific primers and relative expression analysis with SybrGreen and beta-actin as an internal standard. The establishment of isoform-expression profiles revealed that these are disease specific. Moreover, isoform-expression deregulation of mainly one gene in each disease could be observed. All four alpha-synuclein isoforms were affected in the case of the pure form of dementia with LB, most parkin transcript variants in common LB disease, and all synphilin-1 isoforms in Parkinson disease. Only minor involvement was detected in AD. Finally, the existence of a proprietary isoform-expression profile in common LB disease indicates that this disease develops as a result of its own molecular mechanisms, and so, at the molecular level, it does not exactly share changes found in pure dementia with LB and AD. In conclusion, isoform-expression profiles in LB diseases represent additional evidence for the direct involvement of isoform-expression deregulation in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beyer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|