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Liu J, Tong L, Song S, Niu Y, Li J, Wu X, Zhang J, Zai CC, Luo F, Wu J, Li H, Wong AHC, Sun R, Liu F, Li B. Novel and de novo mutations in pediatric refractory epilepsy. Mol Brain 2018; 11:48. [PMID: 30185235 PMCID: PMC6125990 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric refractory epilepsy is a broad phenotypic spectrum with great genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with Sanger sequencing could help to understand the genetic diversity and underlying disease mechanisms in pediatric epilepsy. Here, we report sequencing results from a cohort of 172 refractory epilepsy patients aged 0-14 years. The pathogenicity of identified variants was evaluated in accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria. We identified 43 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 40 patients (23.3%). Among these variants, 74.4% mutations (32/43) were de novo and 60.5% mutations (26/43) were novel. Patients with onset age of seizures ≤12 months had higher yields of deleterious variants compared to those with onset age of seizures > 12 months (P = 0.006). Variants in ion channel genes accounted for the greatest functional gene category (55.8%), with SCN1A coming first (16/43). 81.25% (13/16) of SCN1A mutations were de novo and 68.8% (11/16) were novel in Dravet syndrome. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were found in the KCNQ2, STXBP1, SCN2A genes in Ohtahara syndrome. Novel deleterious variants were also found in West syndrome, Doose syndrome and glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome patients. One de novo MECP2 mutation were found in a Rett syndrome patient. TSC1/TSC2 variants were found in 60% patients with tuberous sclerosis complex patients. Other novel mutations detected in unclassified epilepsy patients involve the SCN8A, CACNA1A, GABRB3, GABRA1, IQSEC2, TSC1, VRK2, ATP1A2, PCDH19, SLC9A6 and CHD2 genes. Our study provides novel insights into the genetic origins of pediatric epilepsy and represents a starting-point for further investigations into the molecular pathophysiology of pediatric epilepsy that could eventually lead to better treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Song
- Qilu Children's hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Clement C Zai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Luo
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruopeng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Baomin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Striano P, Nobile C. Whole-exome sequencing to disentangle the complex genetics of hippocampal sclerosis-temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurol Genet 2018; 4:e241. [PMID: 29904719 PMCID: PMC5999347 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (P.S.), Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova; and CNR-Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.N.), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Nobile
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (P.S.), Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova; and CNR-Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.N.), University of Padua, Italy
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53
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Sizemore G, Lucke-Wold B, Rosen C, Simpkins JW, Bhatia S, Sun D. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Hyperpolarized, Depolarized, and Flow-Through Ion Channels Utilized as Tri-Coordinate Biomarkers of Electrophysiologic Dysfunction. OBM NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 2:009. [PMID: 29951646 PMCID: PMC6018002 DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain is an integrated network of multiple variables that when compromised create a diseased state. The neuropathology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate both similarity and complexity that reflects this integrated variability; TLE with its live human tissue resection provides opportunity for translational science to demonstrate scale equivalent experimentation between the macroscopic world of clinical disease and the microscopic world of basic science. The extended value of this research is that the neuroinflammatory abnormalities that occur throughout astrocytes with hippocampal sclerosis and damaged or even reversed signaling pathways (inhibition to excitation such as with gaba-aminobutyric acid) are similar to those seen in post-stroke and TBI models. In evaluation of the epilepsy population this interconnectedness of pathology warrants further evaluation with collaborative efforts. This review summarizes patterns that could shift experimentation closer to the macro level of humanity, but still represent the micro world of genetics, epigenetics, and neuro-injury across etiologies of physiologic dysfunction such as TLE, stroke, and TBI with evaluation of cell function using electrophysiology. In conclusion we demonstrate the plausibility of electrophysiologic voltage and current measurement of brain tissue by patch clamp analysis to specify actual electrophysiologic function for comparison to electroencephalography in order to aid neurologic evaluation. Finally, we discuss the opportunity with multiscale modeling to display integration of the hyperpolarization cyclic-nucleotide gated channel, the depolarized calcium channels, and sodium-potassium-chloride-one/potassium-chloride-two co-transporter channels as potential mechanisms utilized as tri-coordinate biomarkers with these three forms of neurologic disease at a molecular scale of electrophysiologic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Sizemore
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Charles Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - James W. Simpkins
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Sanjay Bhatia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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54
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den Heijer JM, Otte WM, van Diessen E, van Campen JS, Lorraine Hompe E, Jansen FE, Joels M, Braun KPJ, Sander JW, Zijlmans M. The relation between cortisol and functional connectivity in people with and without stress-sensitive epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 59:179-189. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem M. Otte
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group; Center for Image Sciences; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN); Heemstede The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Diessen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolien S. van Campen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Floor E. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marian Joels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kees P. J. Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Josemir W. Sander
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN); Heemstede The Netherlands
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre; UCL Institute of Neurology; London United Kingdom
- Epilepsy Society; Chalfont St Peter United Kingdom
| | - Maeike Zijlmans
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN); Heemstede The Netherlands
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