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Cortez VS, Colonna M. Diversity and function of group 1 innate lymphoid cells. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:19-24. [PMID: 27394699 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells with diverse roles in immune responses. Three major groups of ILCs have been defined on the basis of similarity in their production of signature cytokines, developmental requirements, and phenotypic markers. Group 1 ILCs produce IFN-γ, express the T-box transcription factors (TF) T-bet and/or Eomesodermin (Eomes), group 2 ILCs secrete IL-5 and IL-13 and express the TF GATA-3, while group 3 ILCs produce IL-22 and IL-17 and express the TF RORgt. In this review, we will briefly overview each group in terms of phenotype, function and development and then focus more extensively on group 1 ILCs, expanding on their emerging diversity, their disparate functions and the differences between NK cells and ILC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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Donati C, Zolfo M, Albanese D, Tin Truong D, Asnicar F, Iebba V, Cavalieri D, Jousson O, De Filippo C, Huttenhower C, Segata N. Uncovering oral Neisseria tropism and persistence using metagenomic sequencing. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16070. [PMID: 27572971 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial epidemiology and population genomics have previously been carried out near-exclusively for organisms grown in vitro. Metagenomics helps to overcome this limitation, but it is still challenging to achieve strain-level characterization of microorganisms from culture-independent data with sufficient resolution for epidemiological modelling. Here, we have developed multiple complementary approaches that can be combined to profile and track individual microbial strains. To specifically profile highly recombinant neisseriae from oral metagenomes, we integrated four metagenomic analysis techniques: single nucleotide polymorphisms in the clade's core genome, DNA uptake sequence signatures, metagenomic multilocus sequence typing and strain-specific marker genes. We applied these tools to 520 oral metagenomes from the Human Microbiome Project, finding evidence of site tropism and temporal intra-subject strain retention. Although the opportunistic pathogen Neisseria meningitidis is enriched for colonization in the throat, N. flavescens and N. subflava populate the tongue dorsum, and N. sicca, N. mucosa and N. elongata the gingival plaque. The buccal mucosa appeared as an intermediate ecological niche between the plaque and the tongue. The resulting approaches to metagenomic strain profiling are generalizable and can be extended to other organisms and microbiomes across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Donati
- Computational Biology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Moreno Zolfo
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Computational Biology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Duy Tin Truong
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Asnicar
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valerio Iebba
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Olivier Jousson
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Biostatistics Department, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Echazú MIA, Tuttolomondo MV, Foglia ML, Mebert AM, Alvarez GS, Desimone MF. Advances in collagen, chitosan and silica biomaterials for oral tissue regeneration: from basics to clinical trials. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6913-6929. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different materials have distinct surface and bulk characteristics; each of them potentially useful for the treatment of a particular wound or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inés Alvarez Echazú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Tuttolomondo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Maria Lucia Foglia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Andrea Mathilde Mebert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Gisela Solange Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
- Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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54
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Zaura E, Nicu EA, Krom BP, Keijser BJF. Acquiring and maintaining a normal oral microbiome: current perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:85. [PMID: 25019064 PMCID: PMC4071637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota survives daily physical and chemical perturbations from the intake of food and personal hygiene measures, resulting in a long-term stable microbiome. Biological properties that confer stability in the microbiome are important for the prevention of dysbiosis—a microbial shift toward a disease, e.g., periodontitis or caries. Although processes that underlie oral diseases have been studied extensively, processes involved in maintaining of a normal, healthy microbiome are poorly understood. In this review we present our hypothesis on how a healthy oral microbiome is acquired and maintained. We introduce our view on the prenatal development of tolerance for the normal oral microbiome: we propose that development of fetal tolerance toward the microbiome of the mother during pregnancy is the major factor for a successful acquisition of a normal microbiome. We describe the processes that influence the establishment of such microbiome, followed by our perspective on the process of sustaining a healthy oral microbiome. We divide microbiome-maintenance factors into host-derived and microbe-derived, while focusing on the host. Finally, we highlight the need and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J F Keijser
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Zeist, Netherlands ; Top Institute Food and Nutrition Wageningen, Netherlands
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