51
|
Robertson CA, Abrahamse H, Evans D. The in vitro PDT efficacy of a novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) derivative and established 5-ALA photosensitizing dyes against human metastatic melanoma cells. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 42:766-76. [PMID: 21246581 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Numerous worldwide clinical trials have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an effective and safe modality for various skin disorders, but little research has been done in terms of its effect on malignant melanomas (MM). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of both established porphyrin photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and novel metallophthalocyanine (MPc) photosensitizer on human metastatic skin cells which produce a MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cellular responses following PDT were assessed using changes in cell morphology, cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and proliferation. RESULTS Findings reported that in vitro human MM cell line A375 (EACC no: 88113005) are highly sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by the cytotoxic side-effects induced by MPc and 5-ALA photosensitizing treatments post-laser irradiation at 680 and 636 nm, respectively. The decrease of cell viability accompanied by an increased cytotoxicity and apoptotic and necrotic levels, with a time-dependant decrease in cellular proliferation was found to be far more significant for MPc-treated cells than 5-ALA-treated cells, since MPc was applied in far lower concentrations and exhibited far less photoxicity to control cells. CONCLUSION Hence, novel MPc proved to be the better photosensitizing dye for metastatic melanoma tumor destruction in combination with laser irradiation and is a particularly attractive photosensitizer since it exhibits so many ideal properties of a photosensitizing agent, thus further research of this possible anticancer agent could contribute to its potential application in PDT cancer treatment of MMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Robertson
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abada Z, Ferrié L, Akagah B, Lormier AT, Figadère B. Synthesis of 5,15-diarylporphyrins via orthoesters condensation with aryldipyrromethanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
53
|
Synthesis, singlet oxygen photogeneration and DNA photocleavage of porphyrins with nitrogen heterocycle tails. Molecules 2011; 16:3488-98. [PMID: 21522082 PMCID: PMC6263290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight novel compounds were prepared by reaction of 5-(bromo- propoxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin with oxazole thiols, 1,3,4-oxadiazole thiols and 1,3,4-thiadiazole thiols, and their structures confirmed by UV-vis, IR, 1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The assessment of indirectly measured 1O2 production rates against 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl porphyrin (H2TPP) were described and the relative singlet oxygen production yields were: porphyrin 5 > porphyrins 1, 3, 4, 6-8, H2TPP > porphyrin 2. Porphyrin 4 and porphyrin 7 showed substantial photocleavage activities toward DNA, with over 75% cleavage observed at 40 µM. It suggested that these those porphyrins with nitrogen heterocycle tails are potential photosensitive agents.
Collapse
|
54
|
Protein damage by photo-activated Zn(II) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins. Amino Acids 2010; 42:117-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
55
|
|
56
|
Gardner DM, Taylor VM, Cedeño DL, Padhee S, Robledo SM, Jones MA, Lash TD, Vélez ID. Association of acenaphthoporphyrins with liposomes for the photodynamic treatment of leishmaniasis. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:645-52. [PMID: 20202163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acenaphthoporphyrins are potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, but their hydrophobicity limits their potential. Liposomes have been widely investigated as delivery vehicles that can transport hydrophobic drugs in biological systems. Here we study the association of acenaphthoporphyrins with liposomes made up of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and to liposomes made up of a mixture of DMPC, cholesterol (Chol) and distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) in a 2:1:0.8 molar ratio to evaluate how liposome composition affects association constants. In liposomes consisting only of DMPC, the smaller monoacenaphthoporphyrin had the largest association constant of 5.5 x 10(4) m(-1) while the larger adj-diacenaphthoporphyrin and opp-diacenaphthoporphyrin (ODP) had smaller association constants at 1.8 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(4) m(-1), respectively. The addition of liposomal Chol and DSPG has little effect on the magnitudes of the association constants. Polarization studies show that the acenaphthoporphyrins are driven far into the lipid bilayer to minimize polar-nonpolar interactions. Confocal microscopy confirms that the DMPC liposomes transport the porphyrins into promastigotes of Leishmania tarentolae. The compounds associated with DMPC:Chol:DSPG liposomes are effective in vitro against axenic and intracellular amastigotes of the pathogenic Leishmania panamensis. The effectiveness of the compounds is enhanced upon exposure of cultures to visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Guo Y, Rogelj S, Zhang P. Rose Bengal-decorated silica nanoparticles as photosensitizers for inactivation of gram-positive bacteria. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:065102. [PMID: 20061596 PMCID: PMC4836856 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/6/065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A new type of photosensitizer, made from Rose Bengal (RB)-decorated silica (SiO(2)-NH(2)-RB) nanoparticles, was developed to inactivate gram-positive bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with high efficiency through photodynamic action. The nanoparticles were characterized microscopically and spectroscopically to confirm their structures. The characterization of singlet oxygen generated by RB, both free and immobilized on a nanoparticle surface, was performed in the presence of anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid. The capability of SiO(2)-NH(2)-RB nanoparticles to inactivate bacteria was tested in vitro on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that RB-decorated silica nanoparticles can inactivate MRSA and Staphylococcus epidermidis (both gram-positive) very effectively (up to eight-orders-of-magnitude reduction). Photosensitizers of such design should have good potential as antibacterial agents through a photodynamic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Sun S, Gao W, Liu F, Fan J, Peng X. Study of an unusual charge-transfer inclusion complex with NIR absorption, and its application for DNA photocleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
59
|
de Oliveira KT, de Assis FF, Ribeiro AO, Neri CR, Fernandes AU, Baptista MS, Lopes NP, Serra OA, Iamamoto Y. Synthesis of Phthalocyanines−ALA Conjugates: Water-Soluble Compounds with Low Aggregation. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7962-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André−SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco F. de Assis
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson O. Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André−SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio R. Neri
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
| | - Adjaci U. Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000, São Paulo−SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000, São Paulo−SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo A. Serra
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
| | - Yassuko Iamamoto
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto−SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ivanova-Radkevich VI, Negrimovskii VM, Barkanova SV, Makarova EA, Donyagina VF, Pleteneva TV. Biokinetic investigation of the photodynamic activity of new photosensitizers. Pharm Chem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-009-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
61
|
Kresfelder TL, Cronjé MJ, Abrahamse H. The Effects of Two Metallophthalocyanines on the Viability and Proliferation of an Esophageal Cancer Cell Line. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:625-31. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tina L. Kresfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Marianne J. Cronjé
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Robertson CA, Evans DH, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic therapy (PDT): a short review on cellular mechanisms and cancer research applications for PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 96:1-8. [PMID: 19406659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for many years, but it is only now becoming widely accepted and utilized. Originally it was developed as a tumor therapy and some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant diseases. This article provides a broad review of different parameters used and mechanisms instituted in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS), photochemistry and photophysics, cellular localization, cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death that operate on a cellular level, as well as photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction. These specific cellular mechanisms are most commonly applied in PDT and for the most part are often researched and exploited. If the combination of these specific parameters and mechanisms can be optimized within PDT it could possibly be used as a suitable alternative for the treatment and management of specific cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Robertson
- Laser Research Group, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wang K, Poon CT, Wong WK, Wong WY, Choi CY, Kwong DWJ, Zhang H, Li ZY. Synthesis, Characterization, Singlet-Oxygen Photogeneration, DNA Photocleavage and Two-Photon-Absorption Properties of Some (4-Cyanophenyl)porphyrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
64
|
Wilson B, Fernández MJ, Lorente A, Grant KB. Synthesis and DNA interactions of a bis-phenothiazinium photosensitizer. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4026-35. [PMID: 18931811 DOI: 10.1039/b810015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of N,N-bis[(7-dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium-3-yl]-4,4-ethylenedipiperidine diiodide (3), consisting of two photosensitizing phenothiazinium rings attached to a central ethylenedipiperidine linker. At all time points (10, 30, 60 min) and all wavelengths (676, 700, 710 nm) tested, photocleavage of pUC19 plasmid DNA (22 degrees C and pH 7.0) was markedly enhanced by 1 microM of 3 in comparison to 1 microM of the parent phenothiazine methylene blue (MB). At concentrations of phenothiazine ranging from 5 to 0.5 microM, the photocleavage levels produced by compound 3 were consistently higher than the cleavage produced using approximately twice the amount of MB (e.g., 710 nm irradiation of 5 microM of 3 and 10 microM of MB cleaved the plasmid DNA in 93% and 71% yields, respectively). Scavenger assays provided evidence for the involvement of singlet oxygen and, to a lesser extent, hydroxyl radicals in DNA damage. Analysis of photocleavage products at nucleotide resolution revealed that direct strand breaks and alkaline-labile lesions occurred predominantly at guanine bases. While compound 3 and MB were both shown to stabilize duplex DNA, the DeltaTm values of calf thymus (CT) and C. perfringens DNAs were approximately three fold higher in the presence of compound 3. Finally, viscometric data indicated that CT DNA interacts with compound 3 and MB by a combination of groove binding and monofunctional intercalation, and with compound 3 by a third, bisintercalative binding mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
de Oliveira KT, Silva AM, Tomé AC, Neves MG, Neri CR, Garcia VS, Serra OA, Iamamoto Y, Cavaleiro JA. Synthesis of new amphiphilic chlorin derivatives from protoporphyrin-IX dimethyl ester. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
66
|
Syntheses and DNA photocleavage by mono- and bis-phenothiazinium–piperazinexylene intercalators. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
67
|
Moreira LM, Vieira dos Santos F, Lyon JP, Maftoum-Costa M, Pacheco-Soares C, Soares da Silva N. Photodynamic Therapy: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work is focussed on the principles of photodynamic therapy (PDT), emphasizing the photochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation and the consequent biochemical processes generated by the action of reactive oxygen species on various biological macromolecules and organelles. This paper also presents some of the most used photosensitizers, including Photofrin, and the new prototypes of photosensitizers, analysing their physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. At this point, the review discusses the therapeutic window of absorption of specific wavelengths involving first- and second-generation photosensitizers, as well as the principal light sources used in PDT. Additionally, the aggregation process, which consists in a phenomenon common to several photosensitizers, is studied. J-aggregates and H-aggregates are discussed, along with their spectroscopic effects. Most photosensitizers have a significant hydrophobic character; thus, the study of the types of aggregation in aqueous solvent is very relevant. Important aspects of the coordination chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines used as photosensitizers are also discussed. The state-of-the-art in PDT is evaluated, discussing recent articles in this area. Furthermore, macrocyclic photosensitizers, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are specifically described. The present review is an important contribution, because PDT is one of the most auspicious advances in the therapy against cancer and other non-malignant diseases.
Collapse
|