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Sipos F, Székely H, Kis ID, Tulassay Z, Műzes G. Relation of the IGF/IGF1R system to autophagy in colitis and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8109-8119. [PMID: 29290648 PMCID: PMC5739918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a chronic inflammatory disorder has a potential role in the development of inflammatory and cancerous complications of the colonic tissue. The interaction of DNA damage and inflammation is affected by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway. The IGF1R pathway has been reported to regulate autophagy, as well, but sometimes through a bidirectional context. Targeting the IGF1R-autophagy crosstalk could represent a promising strategy for the development of new antiinflammatory and anticancer therapies, and may help for subjects suffering from MetS who are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, therapeutic responses to targeted therapies are often shortlived, since a signaling crosstalk of IGF1R with other receptor tyrosine kinases or autophagy exists, leading to acquired cellular resistance to therapy. From a pharmacological point of view, it is attractive to speculate that synergistic benefits could be achieved by inhibition of one of the key effectors of the IGF1R pathway, in parallel with the pharmacological stimulation of the autophagy machinery, but cautiousness is also required, because pharmacologic IGF1R modulation can initiate additional, sometimes unfavorable biologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Hajnal Székely
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Imre Dániel Kis
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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Lan H, Yuan H, Lin C. Sulforaphane induces p53‑deficient SW480 cell apoptosis via the ROS‑MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7796-7804. [PMID: 28944886 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has been revealed to inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the detailed anticancer effects of SFN on p53‑deficient colon cancer cells has yet to be clearly elucidated. The present study employed p53‑deficient SW480 cells to establish an SFN‑induced in vitro model of apoptosis. The critical events leading to apoptosis were then evaluated in SFN‑treated p53‑deficient SW480 cells, by performing an MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and ELISA. The results demonstrated that SFN at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM induced mitochondria‑associated cell apoptosis, which was further confirmed by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, as well as activation of caspase‑3, ‑7 and ‑9. In addition, SFN‑induced apoptosis was associated with an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinases (Erk) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinases. However, SFN did not induce expression of the p53 family member, p73. SFN‑induced apoptosis was subsequently confirmed to be ROS‑dependent and associated with Erk/p38, as the specific inhibitors for ROS, phosphorylated (p)‑Erk and p‑p38, completely or partially attenuated the SFN‑induced reduction in SW480 cell viability. In addition, the results demonstrated that even at the lowest concentrations (5 µM), SFN increased the sensitivity of p53‑proficient HCT‑116 cells to cisplatin. In conclusion, the results suggest that SFN may induce apoptosis in p53‑deficient SW480 cells via p53/p73‑independent and ROS‑Erk/p38‑dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lan
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hongyin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Congyao Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Sandjo LP, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and mode of action of a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:62-68. [PMID: 28887921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignacies are still a major public concern worldwide and despite the intensive search of new chemotherapeutic agents, treatment still remains a challenging issue. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (AMNQ) isolated from the bark of Milletia versicolor towards a panel of drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Following resazurin assay, the naphthoquinone AMNQ displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.79 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) to 3.26 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP breast cancer cells) on 9 tested cancer cell lines, whilst doxorubicin showed IC50 values ranging from 0.40 µM (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 91.37 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells). IC50 values below 1 µM were recorded with AMNQ towards CCRF-CEM cells (0.57 µM), U87MG.ΔEGFR gliobastoma multiforme cells (0.96 µM cells) and HepG2 cells (0.76 µM). Compared to its corresponding sensitive cell lines U87MG, sensitivity was observed in epidermal growth factor receptor-transfected U87MG.ΔEGFR cells to AMNQ. MMP was found to be the main mode of action of induction of apoptosis by AMNQ. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work demonstrate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ towards various types of cancer cell lines, including MDR phenotypes. AMNQ is a potential antiproliferative natural compound that deserves more investigations to develop novel cytotoxic drugs against sensitive and MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Lin YY, Lee IY, Huang WS, Lin YS, Kuan FC, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Yang YH, Wu CY. Danshen improves survival of patients with colon cancer and dihydroisotanshinone I inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells via apoptosis and skp2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:305-316. [PMID: 28807849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, it's definite clinical effect and mechanism on colon carcinoma is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To test the hypothesis that the protective effect of danshen on colon cancer and discover the bioactive compounds through in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study by using population-based data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The study cohort comprised patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of colon (ICD-9-CM codes:153) in catastrophic illness database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate colon [corrected] cancer cumulative incidences. Next, human colon cancer cells (HCT 116 cells and HT29 cells) were used to investigate the effect of dihydroisotanshinone I (DT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells and the underlying mechanism through XTT assay and flow cytometry. The in vivo effect of DT treatment was investigated through a xenograft nude mouse model. RESULTS In our study, the in vivo protective effect of danshen in the different stage of colon cancer patients was validated through data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. In vitro, we found that dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a bioactive compound present in danshen, can inhibit the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells, HCT 116 cells and HT-29 cells. Moreover, DT induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. DT also repressed the protein expression of Skp2 (S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein 2) and the mRNA levels of its related gene, Snail1 (Zinc finger protein SNAI1) and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A). In addition, DT also blocked the colon cancer cells recruitment ability of macrophage by decreasing CCL2 secretion in macrophages. DT treatment also significantly inhibited the final tumor volume in a xenograft nude mouse model. CONCLUSION Danshen has protective effects in colon cancer patients, which could be attributed to DT through blocking the proliferation of colon cancer cells through apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Xu Z, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Wang H, Jiang J, Chen L, Xu W, Hu T, Cho CH. Cryptotanshinone induces ROS-dependent autophagy in multidrug-resistant colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Qian HR, Shi ZQ, Zhu HP, Gu LH, Wang XF, Yang Y. Interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62759-62768. [PMID: 28977986 PMCID: PMC5617546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two pivotal mechanisms in mediating cell survival and death. Cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis has been documented in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer, while the interplay between the two pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been comprehensively summarized. In this study, we outlined the basis of apoptosis and autophagy machinery firstly, and then reviewed the recent evidence in cellular settings or animal studies regarding the interplay between them in CRC. In addition, several key factors that modulate the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis as well as its significance in clinical practice were discussed. Understanding of the interplay between the cell death mechanisms may benefit the translation of CRC treatment from basic research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qi Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - He-Pan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li-Hu Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xian-Fa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive, Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, PR China
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Li YJ, Lei YH, Yao N, Wang CR, Hu N, Ye WC, Zhang DM, Chen ZS. Autophagy and multidrug resistance in cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28646911 PMCID: PMC5482965 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently after long-term chemotherapy, resulting in refractory cancer and tumor recurrence. Therefore, combatting MDR is an important issue. Autophagy, a self-degradative system, universally arises during the treatment of sensitive and MDR cancer. Autophagy can be a double-edged sword for MDR tumors: it participates in the development of MDR and protects cancer cells from chemotherapeutics but can also kill MDR cancer cells in which apoptosis pathways are inactive. Autophagy induced by anticancer drugs could also activate apoptosis signaling pathways in MDR cells, facilitating MDR reversal. Therefore, research on the regulation of autophagy to combat MDR is expanding and is becoming increasingly important. We summarize advanced studies of autophagy in MDR tumors, including the variable role of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-He Lei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ran Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Hu T, Li Z, Gao CY, Cho CH. Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2017. [PMID: 27570424 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.vss.i30.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with colon cancer, leading to a decrease in the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer agents. This review provides an up-to-date summary on over-expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and evasion of apoptosis, two representatives of transport-based and non-transport-based mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as their therapeutic strategies. Different ABC transporters were found to be up-regulated in colon cancer, which can facilitate the efflux of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells and decrease their therapeutic effects. Inhibition of ABC transporters by suppressing their protein expressions or co-administration of modulators has been proven as an effective approach to sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs in vitro. On the other hand, evasion of apoptosis observed in drug-resistant cancers also results in drug resistance to anticancer agents, especially to apoptosis inducers. Restoration of apoptotic signals by BH3 mimetics or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and inhibition of cancer cell growth by alternative cell death pathways, such as autophagy, are effective means to treat such resistant cancer types. Given that the drug resistance mechanisms are different among colon cancer patients and may change even in a single patient at different stages, personalized and specific combination therapy is proposed to be more effective and safer for the reversal of drug resistance in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Tao Hu, Chi Hin Cho, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tao Hu, Chi Hin Cho, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ying Gao
- Tao Hu, Chi Hin Cho, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Tao Hu, Chi Hin Cho, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ge M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhao S, Zhao W, Zhen Y, Yu J, He H, Shao RG. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of dihydrotanshinone I are mediated by disrupting the yes-associated protein and transcriptional enhancer factor D2 complex and stimulating autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1147-1160. [PMID: 28257144 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dihydrotanshinone I (DHI), a lipophilic component of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has various therapeutic effects. We investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of DHI and its underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) were treated with DHI (25 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 , i.p.) for 14 days. Serum biochemical and liver tissue morphological analyses were performed. The human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 served as a liver fibrosis model in vitro. Liver fibrogenic genes, yes-associated protein (YAP) downstream genes and autophagy markers were examined using western blot and real-time PCR analyses. Similar analyses were done in rat primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs). Autophagy flux was assessed by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS In BDL rats, DHI administration attenuated liver necrosis, bile duct proliferation and collagen accumulation and reduced the expression of genes associated with fibrogenesis, including Tgfb1, Mmp-2, Acta2 and Col1a1. DHI (1, 5, 10 μmol·L-1 ) time- and dose-dependently suppressed the protein level of COL1A1, TGFβ1 and α-SMA in LX-2 cells and rat pHSCs. Furthermore, DHI blocked the nuclear translocation of YAP, which inhibited the YAP/TEAD2 interaction and its downstream fibrogenic genes, connective tissue growth factor, SOX4 and survivin. This stimulated autophagic flux and accelerated the degradation of liver collagen. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DHI exerts anti-fibrotic effects in BDL rats, LX-2 cells and rat pHSCs by inhibiting the YAP and TEAD2 complex and stimulating autophagy. These findings indicate that DHI may be a potential therapeutic for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naren Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhen
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Hongwei He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Guang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Islam MT. Diterpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Phytother Res 2017; 31:691-712. [PMID: 28370843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As therapeutic tools, diterpenes and their derivatives have gained much attention of the medicinal scientists nowadays. It is due to their pledging and important biological activities. This review congregates the anticancer diterpenes. For this, a search was made with selected keywords in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society and miscellaneous databases from January 2012 to January 2017 for the published articles. A total 28, 789 published articles were seen. Among them, 240 were included in this study. More than 250 important anticancer diterpenes and their derivatives were seen in the databases, acting in the different pathways. Some of them are already under clinical trials, while others are in the nonclinical and/or pre-clinical trials. In conclusion, diterpenes may be one of the lead molecules in the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Tang JC, Feng YL, Liang X, Cai XJ. Autophagy in 5-Fluorouracil Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Trends and Challenges. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:456-63. [PMID: 26879020 PMCID: PMC4800847 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based combination therapies are standard treatments for gastrointestinal cancer, where the modulation of autophagy is becoming increasingly important in offering effective treatment for patients in clinical practice. This review focuses on the role of autophagy in 5-FU-induced tumor suppression and cancer therapy in the digestive system. Data Sources: All articles published in English from 1996 to date those assess the synergistic effect of autophagy and 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer therapy were identified through a systematic online search by use of PubMed. The search terms were “autophagy” and “5-FU” and (“colorectal cancer” or “hepatocellular carcinoma” or “pancreatic adenocarcinoma” or “esophageal cancer” or “gallbladder carcinoma” or “gastric cancer”). Study Selection: Critical reviews on relevant aspects and original articles reporting in vitro and/or in vivo results regarding the efficiency of autophagy and 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer therapy were reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. The exclusion criteria for the articles were as follows: (1) new materials (e.g., nanomaterial)-induced autophagy; (2) clinical and experimental studies on diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in digestive system cancers; and (3) immunogenic cell death for anticancer chemotherapy. Results: Most cell and animal experiments showed inhibition of autophagy by either pharmacological approaches or via genetic silencing of autophagy regulatory gene, resulting in a promotion of 5-FU-induced cancer cells death. Meanwhile, autophagy also plays a pro-death role and may mediate cell death in certain cancer cells where apoptosis is defective or difficult to induce. The dual role of autophagy complicates the use of autophagy inhibitor or inducer in cancer chemotherapy and generates inconsistency to an extent in clinic trials. Conclusion: Autophagy might be a therapeutic target that sensitizes the 5-FU treatment in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiu-Jun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Laparosopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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Guamán-Ortiz LM, Orellana MIR, Ratovitski EA. Natural Compounds As Modulators of Non-apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:132-155. [PMID: 28367073 PMCID: PMC5345338 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803150639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is an innate capability of cells to be removed from microenvironment, if and when they are damaged by multiple stresses. Cell death is often regulated by multiple molecular pathways and mechanism, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The molecular network underlying these processes is often intertwined and one pathway can dynamically shift to another one acquiring certain protein components, in particular upon treatment with various drugs. The strategy to treat human cancer ultimately relies on the ability of anticancer therapeutics to induce tumor-specific cell death, while leaving normal adjacent cells undamaged. However, tumor cells often develop the resistance to the drug-induced cell death, thus representing a great challenge for the anticancer approaches. Numerous compounds originated from the natural sources and biopharmaceutical industries are applied today in clinics showing advantageous results. However, some exhibit serious toxic side effects. Thus, novel effective therapeutic approaches in treating cancers are continued to be developed. Natural compounds with anticancer activity have gained a great interest among researchers and clinicians alike since they have shown more favorable safety and efficacy then the synthetic marketed drugs. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have found that several natural compounds display promising anticancer potentials. This review underlines certain information regarding the role of natural compounds from plants, microorganisms and sea life forms, which are able to induce non-apoptotic cell death in tumor cells, namely autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Guamán-Ortiz
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Ramirez Orellana
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Ratovitski
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador ; 2 Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tanshinones and mental diseases: from chemistry to medicine. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:777-791. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe prevalence of mental diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders, is ever-increasing, while treatment options for such disorders are limited and insufficient. In this scarcity of available medication, it is a feasible strategy to search for potential drugs among natural compounds, such as those found in plants. One such plant source is the root of Chinese sage, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), which contains several compounds reported to possess neuroprotective activities. The most important of these compounds are tanshinones, which have been reported to possess ameliorative activity against a myriad of mental diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and glioma, along with promoting neuronal differentiation and manifesting antinociceptive and anticonvulsant outcomes. This review offers a critical evaluation of the utility of tanshinones to treat mental illnesses, and sheds light on the underlying mechanisms through which these naturally occurring compounds confer neuroprotection.
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McCulloch M, Ly H, Broffman M, See C, Clemons J, Chang R. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Quality-Adjusted Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:285-307. [PMID: 27151587 PMCID: PMC5739191 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416638738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal medicines reportedly increase efficacy and minimize toxicity of chemotherapy; however, little attention has been paid to how poor study quality can bias outcomes. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, TCMLARS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicines combined with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy compared with the same chemotherapy alone. We screened for eligibility, extracted data, and pooled data with random-effects meta-analysis. Outcome measures were survival, toxicity, tumor response, performance status, quality of life, and Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) criteria to critically evaluate the quality of reporting in the randomized trials included in the meta-analysis. Results We found 36 potentially eligible studies, with only 3 (those with low ROB) qualifying for meta-analysis. Two reported chemotherapy-related diarrhea reduced by 57% (relative risk [RR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.19-1.01; I(2) test for variation in RR due to heterogeneity = 0.0%), with nonsignificant results. Two reported white blood cell toxicity reduced by 66% (RR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16-0.72; I(2) test for variation in RR due to heterogeneity = 0.0%), with statistically significant results. Stratifying analysis by studies with high versus low ROB, we found substantial overestimation of benefit: Studies with high ROB overestimated by nearly 2-fold reduction of platelet toxicity by Chinese herbal medicines (RR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15-0.84 vs RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.11-3.92). Studies with high ROB overestimated by nearly 2-fold reduction of vomiting toxicity (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.33-0.61 vs RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.48-1.58). And, studies with high ROB overestimated by 21% the reduction in diarrhea toxicity (RR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.20-0.58 vs RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19-1.01). Studies with high ROB also overestimated by 16% improvement in tumor response (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.18-1.63 vs RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.81-1.79). Not accounting for ROB would have exaggerated evidence of benefit and failed to detect nonsignificance of results. Conclusions In the present analysis, involving 36 studies, 2593 patients, 20 outcomes, 36 medical institutions, and 271 named research authors, 92% of the data points were from studies at high ROB. Given the poor quality of the data in studies identified, it cannot be concluded whether combining Chinese herbs with chemotherapy reduces toxicity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Ly
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
| | | | - Caylie See
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
| | - Jen Clemons
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
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Hu T, Li Z, Gao CY, Cho CH. Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6876-6889. [PMID: 27570424 PMCID: PMC4974586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance develops in nearly all patients with colon cancer, leading to a decrease in the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer agents. This review provides an up-to-date summary on over-expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and evasion of apoptosis, two representatives of transport-based and non-transport-based mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as their therapeutic strategies. Different ABC transporters were found to be up-regulated in colon cancer, which can facilitate the efflux of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells and decrease their therapeutic effects. Inhibition of ABC transporters by suppressing their protein expressions or co-administration of modulators has been proven as an effective approach to sensitize drug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs in vitro. On the other hand, evasion of apoptosis observed in drug-resistant cancers also results in drug resistance to anticancer agents, especially to apoptosis inducers. Restoration of apoptotic signals by BH3 mimetics or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and inhibition of cancer cell growth by alternative cell death pathways, such as autophagy, are effective means to treat such resistant cancer types. Given that the drug resistance mechanisms are different among colon cancer patients and may change even in a single patient at different stages, personalized and specific combination therapy is proposed to be more effective and safer for the reversal of drug resistance in clinics.
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Silver nanoparticles defeat p53-positive and p53-negative osteosarcoma cells by triggering mitochondrial stress and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27902. [PMID: 27291325 PMCID: PMC4904210 DOI: 10.1038/srep27902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of the tumour suppressor p53 observed frequently in human cancers challenges the drug-induced apoptotic elimination of cancer cells from the body. This phenomenon is a major concern and provides much of the impetus for current attempts to develop a new generation of anticancer drugs capable of provoking apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. Since silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique cytotoxic features, we examined, whether their activity could be exploited to kill tumour suppressor-deficient cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AgNPs on osteosarcoma cells of different p53 genetic backgrounds. As particle diameters might influence the molecular mechanisms leading to AgNP-induced cell death we applied 5 nm and 35 nm sized citrate-coated AgNPs. We found that both sized AgNPs targeted mitochondria and induced apoptosis in wild-type p53-containing U2Os and p53-deficient Saos-2 cells. According to our findings AgNPs are able to kill osteosarcoma cells independently from their actual p53 status and induce p53-independent cancer cell apoptosis. This feature renders AgNPs attractive candidates for novel chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Jing X, Xu Y, Cheng W, Guo S, Zou Y, He L. Tanshinone I induces apoptosis and pro-survival autophagy in gastric cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1171-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Guo S, Luo W, Liu L, Pang X, Zhu H, Liu A, Lu J, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang Y, Chen X. Isocryptotanshinone, a STAT3 inhibitor, induces apoptosis and pro-death autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells. J Drug Target 2016; 24:934-942. [PMID: 26904961 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1157882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a potential drug target for chemotherapy. Cryptotanshinone (CTS) was identified as a potent STAT3 inhibitor, while the effect of other tanshinones remains unknown. In this study, the influence of eight tanshinones on STAT3 activity was initially screened and isocryptotanshinone (ICTS) significantly inhibited STAT3 activity in a dual luciferase assay. ICTS inhibited the constitutive and inducible phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 without affecting the phosphorylation of STAT3 at S727 in A549 lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ICTS inhibited the nuclear translocation of STAT3. Compared with CTS, ICTS exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on STAT3 phosphorylation and on A549 cytotoxicity. ICTS induced autophagy as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the increased expression of LC3 protein and autophagosomes. ICTS-induced cell death was partially reversed by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. The docking assay predicted that both ICTS and CTS bind the SH2 domain of STAT3. ICTS formed hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interaction with the nearby amino acid residues of Lys591, Arg609, and Ser636. These findings suggested that ICTS, a natural compound, is a potent STAT3 inhibitor. ICTS induced apoptosis and pro-death autophagy in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- b Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hong Zhu
- c Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Ailin Liu
- b Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- d Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macau , China
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