51
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Wang W, Hutchinson RA. Evidence of Scission Products from Peroxide-Initiated Higher Temperature Polymerization of Alkyl Methacrylates. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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52
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Design of Experiment (DoE) as a Tool for the Optimization of Source Conditions in SEC-ESI-MS of Functional Synthetic Polymers Synthesized via ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:589-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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53
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Hart-Smith G, Lammens M, Du Prez FE, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. ATRP poly(acrylate) star formation: A comparative study between MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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54
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Günzler F, Junker T, Barner‐Kowollik C. Studying the mechanism of thioketone‐mediated polymerization via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Günzler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junker
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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55
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Mazarin M, Girod M, Viel S, Phan TNT, Marque SRA, Humbel S, Charles L. Role of the Adducted Cation in the Release of Nitroxide End Group of Controlled Polymer in Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802372m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Mazarin
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Girod
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Trang N. T. Phan
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain R. A. Marque
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Humbel
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, and Structure et Réactivité des Espèces Paramagnétiques, UMR 6264: Laboratoire Chimie Provence, Universités Aix-Marseille I, II, et III−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France, and Chimiométrie et Spectrométries and Chimie Théorique et Mécanismes, UMR 6263: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université−CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
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56
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Günzler F, Wong EHH, Koo SPS, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantifying the Efficiency of Photoinitiation Processes in Methyl Methacrylate Free Radical Polymerization via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802308z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Günzler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandy P. S. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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57
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Ladavière C, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Delolme F. First Systematic MALDI/ESI Mass Spectrometry Comparison to Characterize Polystyrene Synthesized by Different Controlled Radical Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8013788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ladavière
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, UMR CNRS 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, 15 Bd André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR CNRS 5253, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Service Central d’Analyses du CNRS, Chemin du canal, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, UMR CNRS 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, 15 Bd André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR CNRS 5253, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Service Central d’Analyses du CNRS, Chemin du canal, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Frédéric Delolme
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, UMR CNRS 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, 15 Bd André Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR CNRS 5253, Ingénierie et Architectures Macromoléculaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, and Service Central d’Analyses du CNRS, Chemin du canal, 69360 Solaize, France
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58
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Mazarin M, Phan TNT, Charles L. Using solvent-free sample preparation to promote protonation of poly(ethylene oxide)s with labile end-groups in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3776-3782. [PMID: 18988203 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protonation is usually required to observe intact ions during matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of polymers containing fragile end-groups while cation adduction induces chain-end degradation. These polymers, generally obtained via living free radical polymerization techniques, are terminated with a functionality in which a bond is prone to homolytic cleavage, as required by the polymerization process. A solvent-free sample preparation method was used here to avoid salt contaminant from the solvent traditionally used in the dried-droplet MALDI procedure. Solvent-based and solvent-free sample preparations were compared for a series of three poly(ethylene oxide) polymers functionalized with a labile end-group in a nitroxide-mediated polymerization reaction, using 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) as the matrix without any added salt. Intact oligomer ions could only be produced as protonated molecules in solvent-free MALDI while sodium adducts of degraded polymers were formed from the dried-droplet samples. Although MALDI analysis was performed at the laser threshold, fragmentation of protonated macromolecules was still observed to occur. However, in contrast to sodiated molecules, dissociation of protonated oligomers does not involve the labile C--ON bond of the end-group. As the macromolecule size increased, protonation appeared to be less efficient and sodium adduction became the dominant ionization process, although no sodium salt was added in the preparation. Formation of sodiated degraded macromolecules would be dictated by increasing cation affinity as the size of the oligomers increases and would reveal the presence of salts at trace levels in the MALDI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mazarin
- Universités Aix-Marseille I, II et III - CNRS, UMR 6264, Spectrométries Appliquées à la Chimie Structurale, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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59
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Koo SPS, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative Product Spectrum Analysis of Poly(butyl acrylate) via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801196w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P. S. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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60
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Topham PD, Sandon N, Read ES, Madsen J, Ryan AJ, Armes SP. Facile Synthesis of Well-Defined Hydrophilic Methacrylic Macromonomers Using ATRP and Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8019656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Topham
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nicolas Sandon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Elizabeth S. Read
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Anthony J. Ryan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- School of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
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61
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Utilising matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation techniques for the generation of structural information from different end-group functionalised poly(methyl methacrylate)s. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Walther A, Millard PE, Goldmann AS, Lovestead TM, Schacher F, Barner-Kowollik C, Müller AHE. Bis-Hydrophilic Block Terpolymers via RAFT Polymerization: Toward Dynamic Micelles with Tunable Corona Properties. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801215q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pierre-Eric Millard
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tara M. Lovestead
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Felix Schacher
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide and Grenzflächen, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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63
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Junkers T, Barner‐Kowollik C. The role of mid‐chain radicals in acrylate free radical polymerization: Branching and scission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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64
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Sinnwell S, Synatschke CV, Junkers T, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. A Study into the Stability of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-thiopyran Rings: Key Linkages in the RAFT Hetero-Diels−Alder Click Concept. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8013959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sinnwell
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
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65
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Janssen O, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of end-groups in peroxydicarbonate-initiated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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66
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative LC−MS of Polymers: Determining Accurate Molecular Weight Distributions by Combined Size Exclusion Chromatography and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry with Maximum Entropy Data Processing. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6915-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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67
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Hart-Smith G, Chaffey-Millar H, Barner-Kowollik C. Living Star Polymer Formation: Detailed Assessment of Poly(acrylate) Radical Reaction Pathways via ESI-MS. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702552g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hugh Chaffey-Millar
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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68
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Junkers T, Wong EHH, Szablan Z, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Laser Induced Marking of Polymer Chains with Radical Spin Traps. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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69
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Gruendling T, Hart-Smith G, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Enhanced Ionization in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Labile End-Group-Containing Polystyrenes Using Silver(I) Tetrafluoroborate as Doping Salt. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702163v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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70
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Hosseini Nejad E, Castignolles P, Gilbert RG, Guillaneuf Y. Synthesis of methacrylate derivatives oligomers by dithiobenzoate-RAFT-mediated polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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71
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Bingöl B, Hart-Smith G, Barner-Kowollik C, Wegner G. Characterization of Oligo(vinyl phosphonate)s by High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Implications for the Mechanism of Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Bingöl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gerhard Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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72
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Datta H, Singha NK. Atom transfer radical polymerization of hexyl acrylate and preparation of its “all-acrylate” block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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73
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Chaffey-Millar H, Hart-Smith G, Barner-Kowollik C. Living star polymer formation (RAFT) studied via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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74
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Chapter 5 Chain End Characterisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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75
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Knoop RJI, Habraken GJM, Gogibus N, Steig S, Menzel H, Koning CE, Heise A. Synthesis of poly(benzyl glutamate-b-styrene) rod-coil block copolymers by dual initiation in one pot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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76
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Junkers T, Koo SPS, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Poly(butyl acrylate) Product Distributions by Mass Spectrometry in a Wide Temperature Range: Suppression of Midchain Radical Side Reactions. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071471+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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77
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Günzler F, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric end-group analysis of PMMA produced by radical polymerization using diacyl peroxide initiators. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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78
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Szablan Z, Junkers T, Koo SPS, Lovestead TM, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Photolysis Product Radical Reactivities via Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Acrylate, Methacrylate, and Itaconate Systems. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Szablan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandy P. S. Koo
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tara M. Lovestead
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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79
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Bennet F, Lovestead TM, Barker PJ, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Model Compounds at Constant Elevated Temperature Studied via High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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80
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Hart-Smith G, Lovestead TM, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Formation Pathways and End Group Patterns of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Systems via High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2404-15. [PMID: 17655199 DOI: 10.1021/bm700526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
"Smart" polymers and polymer-protein conjugates find a vast array of biomedical applications. Ambient temperature reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations conducted in an aqueous environment are a favorable method of choice for the synthesis of these materials; however, information regarding the initiation mechanisms behind these polymerizations-and thus the critical polymer end groups-is lacking. In the current study, high-resolution soft ionization mass spectrometry techniques were used to map the product species generated during ambient temperature gamma-radiation induced RAFT polymerizations of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylic acid (AA) in aqueous media, allowing the generated end groups to be unambiguously established. It was found that trithiocarbonate and *R radicals produced from the radiolysis of the RAFT agent, *OH and *OOH radicals produced from the radiolysis of water, and *H radicals produced from the radiolysis of water, RAFT agent, or monomer were capable of initiating polymerizations and thus contribute toward the generated chain ends. Additionally, thiol terminated chains were formed via degradation of trithiocarbonate end groups. The current study is the first to provide comprehensive mapping of the formation pathways and end group patterns of stimuli-responsive polymers, thus allowing the design and implementation of these materials to proceed in a more tailored fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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81
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Günzler F, Vana P. Initiation of radical polymerization by peroxyacetates: Polymer end-group analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Lovestead TM, Hart-Smith G, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Investigation of Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Mediated Acrylate Polymerizations Initiated via 60Co γ-Irradiation: Mapping Reaction Pathways. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Lovestead
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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83
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Zhou G, Harruna II. Interpretation of Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization Mechanism by MALDI-TOF-MS. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2722-7. [PMID: 17313186 DOI: 10.1021/ac061930p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several polystyrene polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene, using two different RAFT agent-initiator systems, and then further characterized by NMR and SEC as well as MALDI-TOF-MS techniques. The data indicate that most of the polymer chains are terminated by the active groups (Ph-C(=S)-S-) derived from RAFT agents, and few of the polymer chains bear initiator fragments at one end. Most importantly, the structures arising from the intermediate RAFT radicals and their cross-termination adducts were detected. Also, the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis shows that the combination termination between two macromolecular radicals is minor, and the amount of dead chains is quite low. Thus, narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained. This analysis confirms the operation of the Rizzardo mechanism including the Monteiro intermediate radical termination model for the RAFT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive SW, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
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84
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85
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Quémener D, Hellaye ML, Bissett C, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH. Graft block copolymers of propargyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate via a combination of RAFT/MADIX and click chemistry: Reaction analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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86
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry investigations of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) produced by monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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87
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Szablan Z, Lovestead TM, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Free Radical Reactivity: A High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization−Mass Spectrometry Study of Photoinitiation Processes in Methyl Methacrylate Free Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0616559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Szablan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tara M. Lovestead
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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88
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Postma A, Davis TP, Evans RA, Li G, Moad G, O'Shea MS. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polystyrene with Primary Amine End Groups through the Use of Phthalimido-Functional RAFT Agents. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Peacock
- DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, USA
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90
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Postma A, Davis TP, Donovan AR, Li G, Moad G, Mulder R, O'Shea MS. A simple method for determining protic end-groups of synthetic polymers by 1H NMR spectroscopy. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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91
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Molecular spectroscopic characterisation of poly(methyl methacrylate) generated by means of atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP). POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Coote ML, Barner-Kowollik C. Ab Initio Kinetic Modelling in Radical Polymerization: A Paradigm Shift in Reaction Kinetic Analysis. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new rationale to kinetic modelling in which adjustable parameters are avoided through the use of quantum chemistry. This new approach reverses the standard modelling approach in which, having first assumed a kinetic model, it is then fitted to the experimentally determined values of the macroscopic properties (rates, compositions, molecular weight distributions, and so forth) so as to estimate the rate coefficients of the individual reactions. Instead, one still assumes a reaction scheme, but then calculates the rates of the individual reactions using high-level ab initio calculations, and in this way a kinetic model is built that can be used to predict the macroscopic properties of the process from first principles. These can then be compared directly with experiment (for benchmarking purposes) and subsequently be employed to predict the outcome of new chemical processes. In here we illustrate the ab initio modelling technique, using a recent study of initialization in RAFT polymerization as a case study. We also discuss its advantages and possible problems, and highlight some of its potential applications in the radical polymer field.
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93
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Telechelic Oligomers and Macromonomers by Radical Techniques. OLIGOMERS # POLYMER COMPOSITES # MOLECULAR IMPRINTING 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2006_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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94
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Bussels R, Bergman-Göttgens C, Klumperman B, Meuldijk J, Koning C. Triblock copolymer synthesis via controlled radical polymerization in solution usingS-tert-alkyl-N,N-alkoxycarbonylalkyldithiocarbamate RAFT agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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95
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Mechanism and kinetics of dithiobenzoate-mediated RAFT polymerization. I. The current situation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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96
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Jin YZ, Hahn YB, Nahm KS, Lee YS. Preparation of stable polyurethane–polystyrene copolymer emulsions via RAFT polymerization process. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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97
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An in-depth analytical approach to the mechanism of the RAFT process in acrylate free radical polymerizations via coupled size exclusion chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SEC–ESI-MS). POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:973-84. [PMID: 16034836 DOI: 10.1002/jms.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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99
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Xia Y, Yin X, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Thermal Response of Narrow-Disperse Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050261z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Xiangchun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | | | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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100
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Sahnoun M, Charreyre MT, Veron L, Delair T, D'Agosto F. Synthetic and characterization aspects of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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