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Electrodeposition of conductive poly(3-methoxythiophene) in ionic liquid microemulsions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li C, Bai H, Shi G. Conducting polymer nanomaterials: electrosynthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2397-409. [DOI: 10.1039/b816681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Snook GA, Best AS. Co-deposition of conducting polymers in a room temperature ionic liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b905156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou Z, He DL, Yang RH, Guo YN, Zhong JF, Li GX. Electropolymerization of benzotriazole in room temperature ionic liquid [bmim]PF6. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dong B, Xing Y, Xu J, Zheng L, Hou J, Zhao F. Electrosyntheses of free-standing and highly conducting polyselenophene films in an ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dong B, Zhang S, Zheng L, Xu J. Ionic liquid microemulsions: A new medium for electropolymerization. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hapiot P, Lagrost C. Electrochemical Reactivity in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2238-64. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0680686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yoshida JI, Kataoka K, Horcajada R, Nagaki A. Modern Strategies in Electroorganic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2265-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0680843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1027] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu X, Xu F, Li Z, Zhang W. Photoluminescence of poly(thiophene) nanowires confined in porous anodic alumina membrane. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ma L, Li Y, Yu X, Zhu N, Yang Q, Noh CH. Electrochemical preparation of PMeT/TiO2 nanocomposite electrochromic electrodes with enhanced long-term stability. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bazito FFC, Silveira LT, Torresi RM, Córdoba de Torresi SI. On the stabilization of conducting pernigraniline salt by the synthesis and oxidation of polyaniline in hydrophobic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1457-62. [PMID: 18309403 DOI: 10.1039/b714458j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline in a hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquid and the spectroelectrochemical characterization of the formed film are presented. The polymerization occurs without the presence of acid in 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMMITFSI), leading to a very stable electroactive material where no degradation was observed even at high applied potentials. Both in situ UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopic studies provided evidence for the stabilization of pernigraniline salt at high oxidation potentials and that this polyaniline state is the conducting form, as was corroborated by in situ resistance measurements. These data are indicative that low conductivity is not an intrinsic property of pernigraniline salt and this point must be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F C Bazito
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 26077, 05513-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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Bazito FFC, Silveira LT, Torresi RM, Córdoba de Torresi SI. Spectroelectrochemical study of a soluble derivative of poly(aniline) in a room temperature ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Howlett PC, Pringle JM, Sun J, Annat G, Neil W, Izgorodina EI. Ionic liquids in electrochemical devices and processes: managing interfacial electrochemistry. Acc Chem Res 2007; 40:1165-73. [PMID: 17941700 DOI: 10.1021/ar7000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many ionic liquids offer a range of properties that make them attractive to the field of electrochemistry; indeed it was electrochemical research and applications that ushered in the modern era of interest in ionic liquids. In parallel with this, a variety of electrochemical devices including solar cells, high energy density batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors have become of intense interest as part of various proposed solutions to improve sustainability of energy supply in our societies. Much of our work over the last ten years has been motivated by such applications. Here we summarize the role of ionic liquids in these devices and the insights that the research provides for the broader field of interest of these fascinating liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. MacFarlane
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Howlett
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Pringle
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gary Annat
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wayne Neil
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ekaterina I. Izgorodina
- School of Chemistry and Department of Materials Engineering, Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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65
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Mori H, Iwata M, Ito S, Endo T. Ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride in ionic liquids. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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66
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Dong B, Zheng L, Xu J, Liu H, Pu S. Electropolymerization of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate room temperature ionic liquid. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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67
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Pang Y, Li X, Ding H, Shi G, Jin L. Electropolymerization of high quality electrochromic poly(3-alkyl-thiophene)s via a room temperature ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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68
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Pringle JM, Ngamna O, Lynam C, Wallace GG, Forsyth M, MacFarlane DR. Conducting Polymers with Fibrillar Morphology Synthesized in a Biphasic Ionic Liquid/Water System. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062483i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Pringle
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Orawan Ngamna
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Carol Lynam
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Douglas R. MacFarlane
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Loganathan K, Pickup PG. Influence of electrode rotation on the growth and impedance of a low band gap conducting polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:10612-8. [PMID: 17129037 DOI: 10.1021/la061137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rotation of the electrode during the electrochemical polymerization of delta4,4'-di-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3',4'-b']-dithiophene results in enhanced rates of film growth on the electrode and changes in morphology from dominantly fibrilar to globular structures. The impedance of the resulting films shows their ionic conductivities to be higher than their electronic conductivities. Rotating the electrode during growth enhances electronic conductivities by as much as 2 orders of magnitude, and this is attributed to the dominance of growth of the polymer on the electrode surface (grafting) over the precipitation of material from the diffusion layer.
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Pringle JM, Forsyth M, Wallace GG, MacFarlane DR. Solution−Surface Electropolymerization: A Route to Morphologically Novel Poly(pyrrole) Using an Ionic Liquid. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061395v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Pringle
- Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Douglas R. MacFarlane
- Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Department of Materials Engineering and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia, and Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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71
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Strehmel V, Laschewsky A, Wetzel H, Görnitz E. Free Radical Polymerization of n-Butyl Methacrylate in Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0516945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strehmel
- Institute of Chemistry, Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wetzel
- Institute of Chemistry, Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eckhard Görnitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24−25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstrasse 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Levi MD, Fisyuk AS, Demadrille R, Markevich E, Gofer Y, Aurbach D, Pron A. Unusually high stability of a poly(alkylquaterthiophene-alt-oxadiazole) conjugated copolymer in its n and p-doped states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3299-301. [PMID: 16883416 DOI: 10.1039/b606320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of electron accepting units (oxadiazole) into the 2,5-thienylene conjugated chain leads to a significant improvement in the n-doping-undoping redox stability of the resulting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael D Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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73
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Endres F, Zein El Abedin S. Air and water stable ionic liquids in physical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2101-16. [PMID: 16751868 DOI: 10.1039/b600519p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are defined today as liquids which solely consist of cations and anions and which by definition must have a melting point of 100 degrees C or below. Originating from electrochemistry in AlCl(3) based liquids an enormous progress was made during the recent 10 years to synthesize ionic liquids that can be handled under ambient conditions, and today about 300 ionic liquids are already commercially available. Whereas the main interest is still focussed on organic and technical chemistry, various aspects of physical chemistry in ionic liquids are discussed now in literature. In this review article we give a short overview on physicochemical aspects of ionic liquids, such as physical properties of ionic liquids, nanoparticles, nanotubes, batteries, spectroscopy, thermodynamics and catalysis of/in ionic liquids. The focus is set on air and water stable ionic liquids as they will presumably dominate various fields of chemistry in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Endres
- Faculty of Natural and Materials Sciences, Clausthal University of Technology, Robert-Koch-Str. 42, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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Mellah M, Zeitouny J, Gmouh S, Vaultier M, Jouikov V. Oxidative self-coupling of aromatic compounds in ionic liquids. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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