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Siqueira CM, Rossi A, Shimamoto C, Tanaka C. Balance highly influences flexibility measured by the toe-touch test. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 62:116-123. [PMID: 30300805 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flexibility evaluation is a standard assessment in clinical and in sports settings. The Toe-touch test (TTT) is a common assessment tool to evaluate posterior muscular chain flexibility, but the test procedure implies a balance demand. The objective of the study was to verify the hypothesis that the balance demand during the TTT may affect the flexibility measured by the test. Twenty healthy, active young adults participated in the present study. Toe-touch test outcome (the linear finger to toe distance), Center of Pressure (CP) and sagittal plane joint angles were compared under two balance conditions: (1) standard TTT (ST) and (2) minimised postural demand (MPD) during TTT (using a device that restrained the participant against a forward fall). Then, ST was re-tested to verify a possible effect of motor learning on TTT outcome. Compared to ST, MPD showed an improvement of 73% in test outcome, greater flexion of the ankle, greater total body flexion, and a forward displacement of the CP. Re-test of ST showed indications of motor learning with a different balance strategy compared to the first trial in the same condition. The test outcome showed significant negative correlations with CP position in ST (weak correlation), in the re-test (strong correlation) and when the conditions were combined (moderate correlation). In conclusion, TTT outcome was highly affected by balance performance. Maximum range of motion during ST was a fraction of the range obtained when balance demand was minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio M Siqueira
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Rossi
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristyan Shimamoto
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Tanaka
- Departmento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bakar Y, Tuğral A, Özel A, Altuntaş YD. Comparison of a 12-Week Whole-Body Exergaming Program on Young Adults: Differentiation in Flexibility, Muscle Strength, Reaction Time, and Walking Speed Between Sexes. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 29:424-432. [DOI: 10.1177/1054773818797881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of exergaming on flexibility, muscle strength, reaction time, and walking speed of adults within sex differences. Fifty-four individuals participated in a 12-week exergaming program. Three 30-min sessions were conducted each week. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were done using the sit-and-reach and bend-over tests for flexibility, hand-held dynamometer for muscle strength, auditory and visual reaction time machine for reaction time, and 5-meter walk test for walking speed. There were no significant changes in the sit-and-reach, bend-over test, and auditory-visual reaction time for either gender ( p > .05) with the intervention. Walking speed and muscle strength improved after exergaming in both sexes ( p < .05). The study showed that the video gaming intervention led to significant and equal improvements in muscle strength and walking speed for both sexes; however, it had no impact on flexibility and auditory-visual reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alp Özel
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey
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Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Marques VB, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Four Weeks of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Reduce Muscle Injury Risk Factors in Young Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1254-1262. [PMID: 28459795 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribeiro-Alvares, JB, Marques, VB, Vaz, MA, and Baroni, BM. Four weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1254-1262, 2018-The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a field-based exercise designed for knee-flexor eccentric strengthening, aimed at prevention of muscle strains. However, possible effects of NHE programs on other hamstring injury risk factors remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a NHE training program on multiple hamstring injury risk factors. Twenty physically active young adults were allocated into 2 equal-sized groups: control group (CG) and training group (TG). The TG was engaged in a 4-week NHE program, twice a week, 3 sets of 6-10 repetitions; while CG received no exercise intervention. The knee flexor and extensor strength were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry, the biceps femoris long head muscle architecture through ultrasound images, and the hamstring flexibility through sit-and-reach test. The results showed that CG subjects had no significant change in any outcome. TG presented higher percent changes than CG for hamstring isometric peak torque (9%; effect size [ES] = 0.27), eccentric peak torque (13%; ES = 0.60), eccentric work (18%; ES = 0.86), and functional hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratio (13%; ES = 0.80). The NHE program led also to increased fascicle length (22%; ES = 2.77) and reduced pennation angle (-17%; ES = 1.27) in biceps femoris long head of the TG, without significant changes on muscle thickness. In conclusion, a short-term NHE training program (4 weeks; 8 training sessions) counteracts multiple hamstring injury risk factors in physically active young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Marques
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco A Vaz
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Pérez-Bellmunt A, Casasayas O, Navarro R, Simon M, Martin JC, Pérez-Corbella C, Blasi M, Ortiz S, Álvarez P, Pacheco L. Effectiveness of low-frequency electrical stimulation in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in healthy males: a randomized controlled trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:469-475. [PMID: 29845833 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring muscle injuries are common in the sports field, with lack of hamstring flexibility being a risk factor. Stretching the hamstring muscles is an important part of the training and rehabilitation programs used to prevent or treat injury and improve performance. We aim to compare the immediate and follow-up effect on hamstring muscle flexibility between 2 different stretching protocols, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and PNF stretching combined with electrostimulation. A second aim is to determine whether physical activity level is related to flexibility. METHODS Design of study: Single-blind, randomized controlled trial; Participants: 30 healthy volunteers (30 men, 18-39 years old); Intervention: A 6-session intervention program spanning over 2 weeks and 1-week and 3-week follow-up. The control group underwent PNF stretching with a voluntary contraction. The experimental group underwent PNF stretching but the muscle contraction was triggered with an electrical stimulation device (TENS); Main outcome measu: Hamstring muscles flexibility was assessed using the Modified Sit and Reach (MSR) and the Back Saver Sit and Reach (BSSR) tests. Physical activity level was evaluated with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS Both groups showed an overall increase in hamstring muscle flexibility. However, when comparing flexibility gain between baseline and the end of the stretching program (session 6), and at the 1-week and 3-week follow-ups, only the experimental group showed significant differences. No correlation between the IPAQ score and the degree of hamstring muscle flexibility was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hamstring muscle PNF stretching combined with electrical stimulation to trigger muscle contraction during the muscle contraction phase of the stretch achieves better flexibility results when compared to PNF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain -
| | - Oriol Casasayas
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.,Bruguera Tennis Academy, Santa Coloma de Cervelló, Barcelona, Italy
| | - Raul Navarro
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mathias Simon
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Martin
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Corbella
- Ninaia, Sabadell Centre, Barcelona, Spain.,University School of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Blasi
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortiz
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Álvarez
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pacheco
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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Lovell TWJ, Bocking CJ, Fransen J, Coutts AJ. A multidimensional approach to factors influencing playing level and position in a school-based soccer programme. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1420208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. W. J. Lovell
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. J. Bocking
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Fransen
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. J. Coutts
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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Miyamoto N, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hirata K, Kimura N, Fuku N. Association analysis of theACTN3R577X polymorphism with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1209-1214. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | | | - K. Hirata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Kimura
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Fuku
- Juntendo University; Chiba Japan
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Patti A, Maggio MC, Corsello G, Messina G, Iovane A, Palma A. Evaluation of Fitness and the Balance Levels of Children with a Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070806. [PMID: 28753965 PMCID: PMC5551244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a main cause of physical disability and has high economic costs for society. The purpose of this study was to assess the fitness levels and the postural and balance deficits with a specific test battery. Methods: Fifty-six subjects were enrolled in this study. Thirty-nine healthy subjects were included in the control group and seventeen in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. All subjects were evaluated using a posturography system. The fitness level was evaluated with a battery of tests (Abalakov test, sit-up test, hand grip test, backsaver sit and reach, the toe touch test). An unpaired t-test was used to determine differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the tests. Results: The battery of tests demonstrated that subjects in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group have lower fitness levels compared to the control group. The juvenile idiopathic arthritis group showed low postural control with respect to the control group. Pearson analysis of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group data showed significant correlations between variables. Pearson’s results from the control group data showed a similar trend. Conclusions: The results suggest that the battery of tests used could be an appropriate tool. However, we highlight that these conclusions need to be supported by other studies with a larger population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- Department of Science for the Promotion of Health and Infant Maternal "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Science for the Promotion of Health and Infant Maternal "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
- Posturalab Italy, 90131 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Angelo Iovane
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
- Regional Sport School of Sicily CONI (Olympic National Italian Committee), 90141 Palermo, Italy.
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58
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Risk factors that predict severe injuries in university rugby sevens players. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:648-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Velasco-Roldán O, Riquelme I, Ferragut-Garcías A, Heredia-Rizo AM, Rodríguez-Blanco C, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á. Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Kinesio Taping Tightness in Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PM R 2017; 10:28-35. [PMID: 28602935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy regarding the best technique for applying Kinesio Taping (KT), and the theory supporting that skin convolutions may explain its efficacy has recently been challenged. OBJECTIVE To compare the immediate and short-term effectiveness of KT tightness on mechanosensitivity and spinal mobility in nonspecific low back pain (LBP), and to observe the influence of gender in the outcome measures. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING University-based clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 75 individuals with a mean age of 33 years (±7.4 years), 60% female and 40% male, with nonspecific LBP were recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of the following study groups: standard KT tension (n = 26), increased KT tension (n = 25), and no KT tension (n = 24). INTERVENTIONS All participants received a two I-strip taping over the paravertebral muscles for 24 hours. Paper-off tension (15%-25% of the available stretch) was used in the standard KT group, which was increased to 40% in the increased KT tension group. The rest of participants received a taping procedure with no KT tension. Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately after the taping, 24 hours after the taping, and after KT removal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome included pressure pain thresholds over the erector spinae and gluteus medius muscles. The secondary outcome was lumbar mobility (assessed with a digital inclinometer, and back-saver sit-and-reach, finger-to-floor, and sit-and-reach tests). RESULTS In the between-groups analysis of the mean score changes after baseline assessment, no significant differences were found for any of the outcome measures (P > .05) except the left back-saver sit-and-reach test (P = .03). A statistically significant interaction group × gender × time was observed only for mechanosensitivity values (P = .02 for the gluteus and P = .01 for the erector spinae). CONCLUSION KT tightness does not seem to influence pain sensitivity and lumbar mobility in chronic LBP in either the immediate or short term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Velasco-Roldán
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, The Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Riquelme
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ferragut-Garcías
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, The Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cleofás Rodríguez-Blanco
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángel Oliva-Pascual-Vaca
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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van Doormaal MCM, van der Horst N, Backx FJG, Smits DW, Huisstede BMA. No Relationship Between Hamstring Flexibility and Hamstring Injuries in Male Amateur Soccer Players: A Prospective Study. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:121-126. [PMID: 27582278 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516664162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In soccer, although hamstring flexibility is thought to play a major role in preventing hamstring injuries, the relationship between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries in male amateur soccer players. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This study included 450 male first-class amateur soccer players (mean age, 24.5 years). Hamstring flexibility was measured by performing the sit-and-reach test (SRT). The relationship between hamstring flexibility and the occurrence of hamstring injuries in the following year, while adjusting for the possible confounding effects of age and previous hamstring injuries, was determined with a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 450 soccer players, 21.8% reported a hamstring injury in the previous year. The mean (±SD) baseline score for the SRT was 21.2 ± 9.2 cm. During the 1-year follow-up period, 23 participants (5.1%) suffered a hamstring injury. In the multivariate analysis, while adjusting for age and previous injuries, no significant relationship was found between hamstring flexibility and hamstring injuries ( P = .493). CONCLUSION In this group of soccer players, hamstring flexibility (measured with the SRT) was not related to hamstring injuries. Age and previous hamstring injuries as possible confounders did not appear to influence this relationship. Other etiological factors need to be examined to further elucidate the mechanism of hamstring injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C M van Doormaal
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van der Horst
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J G Backx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Wouter Smits
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bionka M A Huisstede
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the hamstring-and-lower-back flexibility (HLBF) of male adult amateur soccer players, using the sit-and-reach test (SRT), with a view to obtaining population-based reference values and to determining whether SRT scores are associated with player characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Teams from high-level Dutch amateur soccer competitions were recruited for participation. PARTICIPANTS Dutch male high-level amateur field soccer players (n = 449) of age 18 to 40 years. Players with a hamstring injury at the moment of SRT-measurement or any other injury that prevented them from following the SRT protocol were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sit-and-reach test scores were measured and then population-based reference values were calculated as follows: >2SD below mean (defining "very low" HLBF), 1SD-2SD below mean ("low" HLBF), 1SD below mean to 1SD above mean ("normal" HLBF), 1SD-2SD above mean ("high" HLBF), and >2SD above mean ("very high" HLBF). Whether SRT scores were correlated with player characteristics was determined using a Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman rho. RESULTS Sit-and-reach test scores ranged from 0 to 43.5 cm (mean 22.0 cm, SD 9.2). The cutoff points for population-based reference values were <3.5 cm for "very low", 3.5 to 13.0 cm for "low", 13.0 to 31.0 cm for "normal", 31.0 to 40.5 cm for "high", and >40.5 cm for "very high". Sit-and-reach test scores were significantly associated with players' height (ρ = -0.132, P = 0.005), body mass index (r = 0.114, P = 0.016), and history of anterior cruciate ligament surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe the HLBF of amateur soccer players. The SRT reference values with cutoff points may facilitate evidence-based decision making regarding HLBF, and the SRT might be a useful tool to assess injury risk, performance, or for diagnostic purposes.
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Slater LV, Vriner M, Zapalo P, Arbour K, Hart JM. Difference in Agility, Strength, and Flexibility in Competitive Figure Skaters Based on Level of Expertise and Skating Discipline. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:3321-3328. [PMID: 27100316 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Slater, LV, Vriner, M, Zapalo, P, Arbour, K, and Hart, JM. Difference in agility, strength, and flexibility in competitive figure skaters based on level of expertise and skating discipline. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3321-3328, 2016-Figure skating is an extremely difficult sport that requires a combination of grace, artistry, flexibility, speed, and power. Although many skaters are involved with strength and conditioning programs, there is no current information about differences in off-ice performance measures based on skating discipline and level. The purpose of this study was to compare agility, strength, and flexibility performance based on skating discipline and level. A total of 343 figure skaters from 4 different disciplines (singles, dance, pair, and synchronized skating) and 3 different levels (novice, junior, and senior) completed combine testing with the United States Figure Skating Association. All subjects completed the hexagon agility test, t-test, triple bound jumps, vertical jump, timed tuck jumps, push-ups, v-ups, hand press, front split, seated reach, and stork pose. A multivariate analysis of variance with Scheffe's post hoc was used to identify differences in performance based on skating discipline and level. Mean differences, Cohen's d effect sizes, and 95% confidence intervals were reported for all significant differences. Senior and junior skaters tended to be faster and stronger than novice skaters. Singles, dance, and pair skaters tended to be more agile, stronger, and flexible than synchronized skaters, however, senior synchronized skaters tended to perform better than senior skaters in other disciplines. These results indicate that strength and conditioning professionals should consider skating discipline and level when designing strengthening programs for figure skaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay V Slater
- 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and 2United States Figure Skating Association, Colorado Springs, CO
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Barene S, Holtermann A, Oseland H, Brekke OL, Krustrup P. Effects on muscle strength, maximal jump height, flexibility and postural sway after soccer and Zumba exercise among female hospital employees: a 9-month randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1849-58. [PMID: 26849477 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1140906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This 9-month randomised controlled workplace physical activity trial investigated the effects of soccer and Zumba exercise, respectively, on muscle strength, maximal jump height, sit-and-reach flexibility and postural sway among female workers. A total of 107 female hospital employees aged 25-63 were cluster-randomised to a soccer group, a Zumba group or a control group. Training was conducted outside working hours as two to three 1-h weekly sessions the first 3 months and once a week the last 6 months. Tests were conducted at baseline, after 3 and 9 months. The soccer group improved maximal neck extension strength both after 3 (1.2 kg; P < 0.05) and 9 months (1.7 kg; P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The Zumba group improved maximal trunk extension strength (3.1 kg; P = 0.04) after 3 months, with improvements in postural sway velocity moment (-9.2 mm(2)/s; P < 0.05) and lower limb lean mass (0.4 kg; P < 0.05) after 9 months. No significant intervention effects were revealed in vertical jump height or sit-and-reach flexibility. The present study indicates that workplace-initiated soccer and Zumba exercise may be beneficial for improvement of the neck and trunk strength, which may have preventive effects with regard to future perceived muscle pain in the respective body regions. Furthermore, the Zumba group revealed positive effects on lower limb lean mass and postural sway compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein Barene
- a Faculty of Public Health , Hedmark University College , Elverum , Norway.,b Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology , Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- c National Research Centre for the Working Environment , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Harald Oseland
- d Faculty of Education , Østfold University College , Halden , Norway
| | - Ole-Lars Brekke
- e Department of Laboratory Medicine , Nordland Hospital Bodø and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- b Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Human Physiology , Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Exeter , Exeter , United Kingdom
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Apostolopoulos N, Metsios GS, Flouris AD, Koutedakis Y, Wyon MA. The relevance of stretch intensity and position-a systematic review. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1128. [PMID: 26347668 PMCID: PMC4540085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretching exercises to increase the range of motion (ROM) of joints have been used by sports coaches and medical professionals for improving performance and rehabilitation. The ability of connective and muscular tissues to change their architecture in response to stretching is important for their proper function, repair, and performance. Given the dearth of relevant data in the literature, this review examined two key elements of stretching: stretch intensity and stretch position; and their significance to ROM, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and inflammation in different populations. A search of three databases, Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Reviews, identified 152 articles, which were subsequently categorized into four groups: athletes (24), clinical (29), elderly (12), and general population (87). The use of different populations facilitated a wider examination of the stretching components and their effects. All 152 articles incorporated information regarding duration, frequency and stretch position, whereas only 79 referred to the intensity of stretching and 22 of these 79 studies were deemed high quality. It appears that the intensity of stretching is relatively under-researched, and the importance of body position and its influence on stretch intensity, is largely unknown. In conclusion, this review has highlighted areas for future research, including stretch intensity and position and their effect on musculo-tendinous tissue, in relation to the sensation of pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, inflammation, as well as muscle health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Apostolopoulos
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
| | - George S. Metsios
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
| | | | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of ThessalyTrikala, Greece
| | - Matthew A. Wyon
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, University of WolverhamptonWalsall, UK
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and ScienceLondon, UK
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Rodriguez-Blanco C, Cocera-Morata FM, Heredia-Rizo AM, Ricard F, Almazán-Campos G, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á. Immediate Effects of Combining Local Techniques in the Craniomandibular Area and Hamstring Muscle Stretching in Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Altern Complement Med 2015. [PMID: 26218883 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the immediate effects on vertical mouth opening, orofacial mechanosensitivity, and lumbar and suboccipital mobility after adding a myofascial induction technique to a multimodal protocol in subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). DESIGN A randomized and double-blind controlled trial was carried out. SETTINGS/LOCATION University-based physical therapy research clinic. SUBJECTS Sixty subjects (35±11.22 years) with TMD, and restricted mobility of the mandibular condyles and the first cervical vertebrae, were recruited and randomized to either a control group (CG) (n=30) or an experimental group (EG) (n=30). INTERVENTIONS The CG underwent a neuromuscular technique over the masseter muscles and passive hamstring muscle stretching. A suboccipital muscle inhibition technique was added to this protocol in the EG. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary measurements were made of vertical mouth opening and pressure pain threshold of the masseter muscles. Secondary outcome measures included pressure algometry of the trigeminal nerve, suboccipital range of motion, and lumbar spine mobility, assessed with the sit-and-reach (SAR) test and lumbar forward bending. All evaluations were collected at baseline and immediately after intervention. RESULTS In the intragroup comparison, the EG observed an increase in suboccipital flexion (p<0.001; F1,29=14.47; R(2)=0.33) and the SAR test (p=0.009; F1,29=7.89; R(2)=0.21). No significant differences were found in the between-group comparison for any variable (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The inclusion of a myofascial induction maneuver in a protocol combining local (neuromuscular treatment) and distal techniques (hamstring stretching) in subjects with TMD has no impact on improving mouth opening, suboccipital and lumbar mobility, and orofacial sensitivity to mechanical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleofás Rodriguez-Blanco
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel Oliva-Pascual-Vaca
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
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66
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Nikolaidis PT, Theodoropoulou E. Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge and Physical Fitness in Semiprofessional Soccer Players. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:180353. [PMID: 25140277 PMCID: PMC4130195 DOI: 10.1155/2014/180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas nutrition has a crucial role on sport performance, it is not clear to what extent nutrition knowledge is associated with physical fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the current level of nutrition knowledge of soccer players and whether this level is associated with physical fitness. Soccer players (n = 185, aged 21.3 ± 4.9 yr, weight 72.3 ± 8.4 kg, and height 177.5 ± 6.4 cm) performed a battery of physical fitness tests (sit-and-reach test, SAR; physical working capacity in heart rate 170, PWC170; and Wingate anaerobic test, WAnT) and completed an 11-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NKQ). Low to moderate Pearson correlations (0.15 < r < 0.34, p < 0.05) of NKQ with age, weight, height, fat free mass (FFM), SAR, peak power, and mean power of WAnT were observed. Soccer players with high score in NKQ were older (4.4 yr (2.2; 6.6), mean difference (95% confidence intervals)) and heavier (4.5 kg (0.6; 8.3)) with higher FFM (4.0 kg (1.1; 6.8)) and peak power (59 W (2; 116)) than their counterparts with low score. The moderate score in the NKQ suggests that soccer players should be targeted for nutrition education. Although the association between NKQ and physical fitness was low to moderate, there were indications that better nutrition knowledge might result in higher physical fitness and, consequently, soccer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenic Army Academy, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece
| | - E. Theodoropoulou
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
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67
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Mayorga-Vega D, Viciana J, Cocca A, Merino-Marban R. Criterion-related validity of toe-touch test for estimating hamstring extensibility: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT AND EXERCISE 2014. [DOI: 10.4100/jhse.2014.91.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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68
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The effects of selected asanas in Iyengar yoga on flexibility: Pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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69
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Natour J, Cazotti LDA, Ribeiro LH, Baptista AS, Jones A. Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2014; 29:59-68. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215514538981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of pilates method on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP). Method: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in sixty patients with a diagnosis of chronic non-specific LBP. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Experimental Group (EG) that maintained medication treatment with use of NSAID and underwent treatment with the pilates method and Control Group (CG) that continue medication treatment with use of NSAID and did not undergo any other intervention. A blinded assessor performed all evaluations at baseline (T0), after 45, 90, and 180 days (T45, T90 and T180) for: pain (VAS), function (Roland Morris questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36), satisfaction with treatment (Likert scale), flexibility (sit and reach test) and NSAID intake. Results: The groups were homogeneous at baseline. Statistical differences favoring the EG were found with regard to pain ( P < 0.001), function ( P < 0.001) and the quality of life domains of functional capacity ( P < 0.046), pain ( P < 0.010) and vitality ( P < 0.029). Statistical differences were also found between groups regarding the use of pain medication at T45, T90 and T180 ( P < 0.010), with the EG taking fewer NSAIDs than the CG. Conclusions: The pilates method can be used by patients with LBP to improve pain, function and aspects related to quality of life (functional capacity, pain and vitality). Moreover, this method has no harmful effects on such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Natour
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rheumatology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Anamaria Jones
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rheumatology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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van der Horst N, Smits DW, Petersen J, Goedhart EA, Backx FJG. The preventive effect of the Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Inj Prev 2013; 20:e8. [PMID: 24336837 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2013-041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injury in male amateur soccer players and have a high rate of recurrence, often despite extensive treatment and long rehabilitation periods. Eccentric strength and flexibility are recognised as important modifiable risk factors, which have led to the development of eccentric hamstring exercises, such as the Nordic hamstring exercise. As the effectiveness of the Nordic hamstring exercise in reducing hamstring injuries has never been investigated in amateur soccer players, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of this exercise on the incidence and severity of hamstring injuries in male amateur soccer players. An additional aim is to determine whether flexibility is associated with hamstring injuries. STUDY DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial with soccer teams as the unit of cluster. METHODS Dutch male amateur soccer players, aged 18-40 years, were allocated to an intervention or control group. Both study groups continued regular soccer training during 2013, but the intervention group additionally performed the Nordic hamstring exercise (25 sessions over 13 weeks). Primary outcomes are the incidence of initial and recurrent hamstring injury and injury severity. Secondary outcomes are hamstring-and-lower-back flexibility and compliance. Compliance to the intervention protocol was also monitored. DISCUSSION Eccentric hamstring strength exercises are hypothesised to reduce the incidence of hamstring injury among male amateur soccer players by 70%. The prevention of such injuries will be beneficial to soccer players, clubs, football associations, health insurance companies and society. TRIAL REGISTRATION NTR3664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van der Horst
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Wouter Smits
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Petersen
- Arthroscopic Center Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edwin A Goedhart
- FIFA Medical Center Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J G Backx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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