51
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Stone D, Blitz M, Daubney L, Howes NUM, Seakins P. Kinetics of CH2OO reactions with SO2, NO2, NO, H2O and CH3CHO as a function of pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1139-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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52
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Su YT, Huang YH, Witek HA, Lee YP. Infrared Absorption Spectrum of the Simplest Criegee Intermediate CH
2
OO. Science 2013; 340:174-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1234369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Henryk A. Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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53
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Taatjes CA, Welz O, Eskola AJ, Savee JD, Scheer AM, Shallcross DE, Rotavera B, Lee EPF, Dyke JM, Mok DKW, Osborn DL, Percival CJ. Direct Measurements of Conformer-Dependent Reactivity of the Criegee Intermediate CH3CHOO. Science 2013; 340:177-80. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1234689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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54
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Spataro F, Ianniello A, Esposito G, Allegrini I, Zhu T, Hu M. Occurrence of atmospheric nitrous acid in the urban area of Beijing (China). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:210-224. [PMID: 23384645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric concentrations of nitrous acid (HONO) have been measured during two field campaigns in the winter and summer of 2007 at Beijing (China). The results were discussed from the standpoint of temporal and diurnal variations and meteorological effects. The daily average HONO concentrations were in the range of 0.03-2.91ppb and didn't show temporal variation between the winter and summer periods. The temporal trends seemed to be largely affected by meteorological conditions. HONO concentrations showed very typical diurnal variations during intensive winter and summer periods. Nitrogen oxides were key precursors of HONO formation and the HONO/NO2 values were higher than those reported for direct emission (<1%), indicating the prevalence of secondary chemical HONO formation on direct emission during both periods. We used a pseudo steady state approach (PSS), which included homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions and direct emission, explaining on average about 83% and 48% of the observed HONO levels during the intensive winter and summer periods, respectively. The daytime unknown HONO production was on average 2.58ppbh(-1) during the summer period. The HNO3 and fine particulate NO3(-) photolysis contributed weakly as HONO source. Including these sources in the PSS calculation, we explained about 53% of the observed HONO levels. The results showed that heterogeneous JNO2 dependent processes on aerosol and ground surfaces, involving NO2 as HONO precursor, were HONO sources during the summer measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spataro
- CNR - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria Km 29.3, CP10, 00015 Monterotondo S., Rome, Italy.
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55
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Percival CJ, Welz O, Eskola AJ, Savee JD, Osborn DL, Topping DO, Lowe D, Utembe SR, Bacak A, McFiggans G, Cooke MC, Xiao P, Archibald† AT, Jenkin ME, Derwent RG, Riipinen I, Mok DWK, Lee EPF, Dyke JM, Taatjes CA, Shallcross DE. Regional and global impacts of Criegee intermediates on atmospheric sulphuric acid concentrations and first steps of aerosol formation. Faraday Discuss 2013; 165:45-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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56
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Vereecken L, Harder H, Novelli A. The reaction of Criegee intermediates with NO, RO2, and SO2, and their fate in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14682-95. [PMID: 23032271 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42300f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Criegee intermediates (CI) with NO and RO(2) radicals is studied for the first time by theoretical methodologies; additionally, the reaction of CI with SO(2) molecules is re-examined. The reaction of CI with NO was found to be slow, with a distinct energy barrier. Their reaction with RO(2) radicals proceeds by the formation of a pre-reactive complex followed by addition of the RO(2) radical on the CI carbon over a submerged barrier, leading to a larger peroxy radical and opening the possibility for oligomer formation in agreement with experiment. The impact of singlet biradicals on the reaction of CI with SO(2) is examined, finding a different reaction mechanism compared to earlier work. For larger CI, the reaction with SO(2) at atmospheric pressures mainly yields thermalized sulfur-bearing secondary ozonides. The fate of the CI in the atmosphere is examined in detail, based on observed concentration of a multitude of coreactants in the atmosphere, and estimated rate coefficients available from literature data. The impact of SCI on tropospheric chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vereecken
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
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57
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Lee EPF, Mok DKW, Shallcross DE, Percival CJ, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA, Dyke JM. Spectroscopy of the Simplest Criegee Intermediate CH2OO: Simulation of the First Bands in Its Electronic and Photoelectron Spectra. Chemistry 2012; 18:12411-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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58
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Welz O, Savee JD, Osborn DL, Vasu SS, Percival CJ, Shallcross DE, Taatjes CA. Direct Kinetic Measurements of Criegee Intermediate (CH2OO) Formed by Reaction of CH2I with O2. Science 2012; 335:204-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1213229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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59
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Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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60
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Gadsdon SR, Power SA. Quantifying local traffic contributions to NO2 and NH3 concentrations in natural habitats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2845-2852. [PMID: 19427723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
NO(2) and NH(3) concentrations were measured across a Special Area for Conservation in southern England, at varying distances from the local road network. Exceedances of the critical levels for these pollutants were recorded at nearly all roadside locations, extending up to 20 m away from roads at some sites. Further, paired measurements of NH(3) and NO(2) concentrations revealed differences between ground and tree canopy levels. At "background" sites, away from the direct influence of roads, concentrations were higher within tree canopies than at ground level; the reverse pattern was, however, seen at roadside locations. Calculations of pollutant deposition rates showed that nitrogen inputs are dominated by NH(3) at roadside sites. This study demonstrates that local traffic emissions contribute substantially to the exceedance of critical levels and critical loads, and suggests that on-site monitoring is needed for sites of nature conservation value which are in close proximity to local transport routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally R Gadsdon
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.
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61
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de la Campa AMS, Pio C, de la Rosa JD, Querol X, Alastuey A, González-Castanedo Y. Characterization and origin of EC and OC particulate matter near the Doñana National Park (SW Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:671-81. [PMID: 19501351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the South of Spain, major industrial estates (e.g. Huelva) exist alongside ecologically interesting zones (e.g. Doñana National Park). Between June 2005 and June 2006, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured, for total mass, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) chemical composition, at a station in an ecologically interesting area located near Doñana National Park and an urban background area with industrial influence. The mean OC concentration is higher in the urban background (3.5 microg m(-3)) than in the rural monitoring station (2.8 microg m(-3)) as a consequence of local emissions (e.g. traffic). A total of 82% of TC is OC in the rural station, while the urban background station reveals 70% and 73% of TC in the PM10 and PM2.5 mass, respectively. The study of air-mass origin and characterization of carbonaceous species in the course of simultaneous sampling in rural and urban background monitoring stations differentiated three long-range air-mass transports: a North-African dust outbreak, Atlantic Advection and Continental (N-NW) episodes, the origins of the first and last of which are more heavily influenced by the anthropogenic emissions from industrial estates located around the city of Huelva (Punta del Sebo and Nuevo Puerto). Higher values were measured for OC and EC in the study area during the North-African dust outbreak, similar to those obtained during the Continental episode (N-NW), which was clearly influenced by industrial emissions, followed by the Atlantic Advection episodes. The comparison of carbon species with air-mass origin can help to discriminate the origin and source of particulate matter, as well as to determine the urban impact on rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sánchez de la Campa
- Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus University of Santiago, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal.
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62
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Walker HL, Derwent RG, Donovan R, Baker J. Photochemical trajectory modelling of ozone during the summer PUMA campaign in the UK West Midlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2012-2023. [PMID: 19091384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A Photochemical Trajectory Model (PTM), coupled with the Master Chemical Mechanism, is set up for summertime conditions and used to simulate pollutant levels measured in Birmingham, UK during the summer Pollution in the Urban Midlands Atmosphere (PUMA) campaign. In general, ozone is modelled well by the PTM, with reasonably good correlation and approximately 90% of afternoon and evening concentrations within a factor of two of measurements. The contribution of local biogenic emissions in the West Midlands to ozone formation during this period was also assessed and found to be of minor importance. Initially, the ozone episode of 26th June 1999, where levels of up to 87 ppb were observed was not reproduced by the UK PTM model. Sensitivity studies showed that the major cause for this was transport uncertainty in the origin and pathway of the air during conditions of slow moving anticyclonic conditions. The results indicate that the ozone episode was caused by recirculation of air polluted within the UK, with additional precursor emissions over the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Walker
- University of Birmingham, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK; Faber Maunsell, 5th Floor, 2 City Walk, Leeds, LS11 9AR, UK
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63
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Johnson D, Marston G. The gas-phase ozonolysis of unsaturated volatile organic compounds in the troposphere. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:699-716. [PMID: 18362978 DOI: 10.1039/b704260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated hydrocarbons are significant sources of free radical species (including *OH) and particulate material in the Earth's atmosphere. In this tutorial review, the kinetics, products and mechanisms of these reactions are examined, starting with a discussion of the original mechanism proposed by Criegee and following with a summary presentation of the complex, free radical-mediated reactions of carbonyl oxide (Criegee) intermediates. The contribution of ozone-terpene reactions to the atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol material is also discussed from the viewpoint of the formation of non-volatile organic acid products from the complex chemistry of ozone with alpha-pinene. Throughout the article, currently accepted understanding is supported through the presentation of key experimental results, and areas of persistent or new uncertainty are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, PO Box 224, Whiteknights, Reading, UK RG6 6AD
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64
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Liu L, Andreani-Aksoyoglu S, Keller J, Ordóñez C, Junkermann W, Hak C, Braathen GO, Reimann S, Astorga-Llorens C, Schultz M, Prévôt ASH, Isaksen ISA. A photochemical modeling study of ozone and formaldehyde generation and budget in the Po basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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