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Ge C, Hu L, Lou D, Li Q, Feng J, Wu Y, Tan J, Xu M. Nrf2 deficiency aggravates PM 2.5-induced cardiomyopathy by enhancing oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation via RIPK3-regulated mitochondrial disorder. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4836-4865. [PMID: 32182211 PMCID: PMC7138545 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a well-known air pollutant threatening public health, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the amelioration of PM2.5-induced lung injury. However, if Nrf2 is involved in PM2.5-induced heart injury, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been explored. In this study, wild type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were exposed to PM2.5 for 6 months. After PM2.5 exposure, Nrf2-/- mice developed severe physiological changes, lung injury and cardiac dysfunction. In the PM2.5-exposed hearts, Nrf2 deficiency caused significant collagen accumulation through promoting the expression of fibrosis-associated signals. Additionally, Nrf2-/- mice exhibited greater oxidative stress in cardiac tissues after PM2.5 exposure. Furthermore, PM2.5-induced inflammation in heart samples were accelerated in Nrf2-/- mice through promoting inhibitor of α/nuclear factor κB (IκBα/NF-κB) signaling pathways. We also found that Nrf2-/- aggravated autophagy initiation and glucose metabolism disorder in hearts of mice with PM2.5 challenge. Cardiac receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) expression triggered by PM2.5 was further enhanced in mice with the loss of Nrf2. Collectively, these results suggested that strategies for enhancing Nrf2 could be used to treat PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Linfeng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Yekuan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
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52
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Eaves LA, Smeester L, Hartwell HJ, Lin YH, Arashiro M, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Fry RC. Isoprene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Induces the Expression of MicroRNAs Associated with Inflammatory/Oxidative Stress Response in Lung Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:381-387. [PMID: 31765140 PMCID: PMC7243464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), of which secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major constituent, is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and preterm birth. Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon emitted into Earth's atmosphere primarily from vegetation, contributes to SOA formation. Isoprene-derived SOA has previously been found to alter inflammatory/oxidative stress genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators that serve as post-transcriptional modifiers and key mediators of gene expression. To assess whether isoprene-derived SOA alters miRNA expression, BEAS-2B lung cells were exposed to laboratory-generated isoprene-derived SOA constituents derived from the acid-driven multiphase chemistry of authentic methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) or isomeric isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) with acidic sulfate aerosol particles. These IEPOX- and MAE-derived SOA constituents have been shown to be measured in large quantities within PM2.5 collected from isoprene-rich areas affected by acidic sulfate aerosol particles derived from human activities. A total of 29 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed when exposed to IEPOX-derived SOA and 2 when exposed to MAE-derived SOA, a number of which are inflammatory/oxidative stress associated. These results suggest that miRNAs may modulate the inflammatory/oxidative stress response to SOA exposure, thereby advancing the understanding of airway cell epigenetic response to SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hadley J. Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maiko Arashiro
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 17013, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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53
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Pardo M, Li C, He Q, Levin-Zaidman S, Tsoory M, Yu Q, Wang X, Rudich Y. Mechanisms of lung toxicity induced by biomass burning aerosols. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:4. [PMID: 31959190 PMCID: PMC6971884 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonaceous aerosols emitted from indoor and outdoor biomass burning are major risk factors contributing to the global burden of disease. Wood tar aerosols, namely, tar ball particles, compose a substantial fraction of carbonaceous emissions, especially from biomass smoldering. However, their health-related impacts and toxicity are still not well known. This study investigated the toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of pyrolyzed wood tar aerosols in exposed mice and lung epithelial cells. RESULTS Mice exposed to water-soluble wood tar aerosols showed increased inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to the same water-soluble wood tar aerosols showed increased cell death with apoptotic characteristics. Alterations in oxidative status, including changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reductions in the expression of antioxidant genes related to the transcription factor Nrf2, were observed and were confirmed by increased levels of MDA, a lipid peroxidation adduct. Damage to mitochondria was observed as an early event responsible for the aforementioned changes. CONCLUSIONS The toxicity and health effect-related mechanisms of water-soluble wood tar were investigated for the first time in the context of biomass burning. Wood tar particles may account for major responses such as cell death, oxidative stress, supression of protection mechnaisms and mitochondrial damaged cause by expsoure to biomass burning aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Quanfu He
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qingqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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54
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Guo M, Wang Y, Zhao H, Mu M, Yang X, Fei D, Liu Y, Zong H, Xing M. Oxidative damage under As 3+ and/or Cu 2+ stress leads to apoptosis and autophagy and may be cross-talking with mitochondrial disorders in bursa of Fabricius. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110989. [PMID: 31945648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exists in many forms in the whole natural environment, with As3+ the highest toxicity. Herein our study demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) at a dose of 30 mg/kg caused serious oxidative damage to chickens' bursa of Fabricius (BF) in a time-dependent manner. Copper (Cu) is a necessary micronutrient and a key catalytic cofactor of many enzymes. We found excessive Cu (in the form of 300 mg/kg copper sulfate (CuSO4)) also induced severe oxidative stress (OxS), and its co-exposure with As3+ had a greater destructive power against oxidative system. Under electron microscope, swollen mitochondria, disappeared cristae and agglutinated chromatin were observed, accompanied by myeloid structure and autophagosome. The results showed apoptosis and autophagy occurred under the action of As3+ and Cu2+, and the situation was more serious in combined exposure group, which was further explained by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-Triphosphate (dUTP) Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL). By quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot, we found that mitochondrial dynamics were disordered under OxS, and the abnormal changes of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, p53, Bcl-2-interacting protein (Beclin)-1 and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 4B indicated the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. In conclusion, apoptosis and autophagy of BF induced by As3+ and Cu2+ and mitochondrial disorder are closely related to the collapse of antioxidant system, and their connections are inseparable. Our results provide a reference for environmental risk prevention and selection of poultry feed additives and pesticides to avoid the health risks caused by As3+ and Cu2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxue Fei
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hui Zong
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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55
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Chowdhury PH, He Q, Carmieli R, Li C, Rudich Y, Pardo M. Connecting the Oxidative Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosols with Reactive Oxygen Species in Exposed Lung Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13949-13958. [PMID: 31652049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is mediated through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the exposed cells. Here, lung epithelial cells (A549) residing at the air-liquid interface were exposed to proxies of anthropogenic and biogenic SOA that were photochemically aged under varying nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations in an oxidation flow reactor. The total organic peroxides and ROS radical content in the SOA were quantified by the iodometric spectrophotometric method and by continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance. The effect of the exposure was evaluated by measuring cell viability and cellular ROS production following the exposure. The results demonstrate that SOA that aged in the absence of NOx contained more ROS than fresh SOA and were more toxic toward the cells, while varying NOx conditions had no significant influence on levels of the ROS content in fresh SOA and their toxicity. Analysis of ROS in the exposed cells using flow cytometry showed a similar trend with the total ROS content in the SOA. This study provides a first and direct observation of such association.
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56
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Zhang Q, Pardo M, Rudich Y, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Wong JPS, Davis AY, Black MS, Weber RJ. Chemical Composition and Toxicity of Particles Emitted from a Consumer-Level 3D Printer Using Various Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12054-12061. [PMID: 31513393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Consumer-level 3D printers emit ultrafine and fine particles, though little is known about their chemical composition or potential toxicity. We report chemical characteristics of the particles in comparison to raw filaments and assessments of particle toxicity. Particles emitted from polylactic acid (PLA) appeared to be largely composed of the bulk filament material with mass spectra similar to the PLA monomer spectra. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), extruded at a higher temperature than PLA, emitted vastly more particles and their composition differed from that of the bulk filament, suggesting that trace additives may control particle formation. In vitro cellular assays and in vivo mice exposure all showed toxic responses when exposed to PLA and ABS-emitted particles, where PLA-emitted particles elicited higher response levels than ABS-emitted particles at comparable mass doses. A chemical assay widely used in ambient air-quality studies showed that particles from various filament materials had comparable particle oxidative potentials, slightly lower than those of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). However, particle emissions from ABS filaments are likely more detrimental when considering overall exposure due to much higher emissions. Our results suggest that 3D printer particle emissions are not benign and exposures should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Chemical Safety and Human Health , Underwriters Laboratories Inc. , Marietta , Georgia 30067 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Jenny P S Wong
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Aika Y Davis
- Chemical Safety and Human Health , Underwriters Laboratories Inc. , Marietta , Georgia 30067 , United States
| | - Marilyn S Black
- Chemical Safety and Human Health , Underwriters Laboratories Inc. , Marietta , Georgia 30067 , United States
| | - Rodney J Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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57
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Cooper DM, Loxham M. Particulate matter and the airway epithelium: the special case of the underground? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190066. [PMID: 31554704 PMCID: PMC9488653 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0066-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a leading driver of premature mortality and cardiopulmonary morbidity, associated with exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. The airway epithelium, as the principal site of PM deposition, is critical to the effects of, and initial response to, PM. A key mechanism by which PM exerts its effects is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing antioxidant and inflammatory responses in exposed epithelial cells. However, much of what is known about the effects of PM is based on research using particulates from urban air. PM from underground railways is compositionally highly distinct from urban PM, being rich in metals associated with wheel, rail and brake wear and electrical arcing and component wear, which endows underground PM with potent ROS-generating capacity. In addition, underground PM appears to be more inflammogenic than urban PM in epithelial cells, but there is a lack of research into effects on exposed individuals, especially those with underlying health conditions. This review summarises current knowledge about the effects of PM on the airway epithelium, how the effects of underground PM may be different to urban PM and the potential health consequences and mitigation strategies for commuters and workers in underground railways. Airborne particulate matter in underground railways is much more concentrated and metal-rich than that found above ground. The evidence surrounding what this might mean for effects on the airways of exposed commuters and staff is limited and inconsistent.http://bit.ly/2KtcorT
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Cooper
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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