51
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Wu RL, Huang L, Zhao HC, Geng XP. Hyaluronic acid in digestive cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pal D, Mukhopadhyay D, Ramaiah MJ, Sarma P, Bhadra U, Bhadra MP. Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Migration by miR-203 via GAS41/miR-10b Axis in Human Glioblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159092. [PMID: 27467502 PMCID: PMC4965126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma amplified sequence 41(GAS41) is a potent transcription factor that play a crucial role in cell proliferation and survival. In glioblastoma, the expression of GAS41 at both transcriptional and post transcriptional level needs to be tightly maintained in response to cellular signals. Micro RNAs (miRNA) are small non coding RNA that act as important regulators for modulating the expression of various target genes. Studies have shown that several miRNAs play role in the post-transcriptional regulation of GAS41. Here we identified GAS41 as a novel target for endogenous miR-203 and demonstrate an inverse correlation of miR-203 expression with GAS41 in glioma cell lines (HNGC2 and U87). Over expression of miR-203 negatively regulates GAS41 expression in U87 and HNGC2 cell lines. Moreover, miR-203 restrained miR-10b action by suppressing GAS41. GAS41 is essential for repressing p53 in tumor suppressor pathway during cell proliferation. Enforced expression of GAS41 produced contradictory effect on miR-203 but was able to enhance p53 tumor suppressor pathway associated protein. It was also found that miR-203 maintains the stability of p53 as knock down of p53 expression using siRNA resulted in down regulation of pri-miR and mature miR-203 expression. Conversely reconstitution of miR-203 expression induced apoptosis and inhibited migratory property of glioma cells. Taken together, we show that miR-203 is a key negative regulator of GAS41 and acts as tumor suppressor microRNA in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pal
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Arunasafali Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Debasmita Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - M. Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Pranjal Sarma
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Functional Genomics and Gene silencing group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- Functional Genomics and Gene silencing group, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Arunasafali Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
- * E-mail: ;
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Lee J, Kim YS, Lee J, Heo SC, Lee KL, Choi SW, Kim Y. Walnut Phenolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Suppress Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Regulating Colon Cancer Stemness. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070439. [PMID: 27455311 PMCID: PMC4963915 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut has been known for its health benefits, including anti-cardiovascular disease and anti-oxidative properties. However, there is limited evidence elucidating its effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs) which represent a small subset of cancer cells that provide resistance against chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-CSCs potential of walnut phenolic extract (WPE) and its bioactive compounds, including (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and gallic acid. In the present study, CD133+CD44+ cells were isolated from HCT116 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and then treated with WPE. As a result, survival of the CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells was inhibited and cell differentiation was induced by WPE. In addition, WPE down-regulated the CSC markers, CD133, CD44, DLK1, and Notch1, as well as the β-catenin/p-GSK3β signaling pathway. WPE suppressed the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Furthermore, the WPE exhibited stronger anti-CSC effects than its individual bioactive compounds. Finally, the WPE inhibited specific CSC markers in primary colon cancer cells isolated from primary colon tumor. These results suggest that WPE can suppress colon cancer by regulating the characteristics of colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - JaeHwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | | | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Heiler S, Wang Z, Zöller M. Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes - the incentive push. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5971-6007. [PMID: 27468191 PMCID: PMC4948278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells (CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC (Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, EpCAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outside-in signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as miRNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows Pa-CSC exosomes (TEX) to reprogram neighboring non-CSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.
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55
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Liu Y, Gao S, Chen X, Liu M, Mao C, Fang X. Overexpression of miR-203 sensitizes paclitaxel (Taxol)-resistant colorectal cancer cells through targeting the salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2). Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12231-12239. [PMID: 27236538 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through the endogenous RNA interference machinery. Treatments with combination of chemotherapy with surgery are essential for advanced-stage colorectal cancer. However, the development of chemoresistance is a major obstacle for clinical application of anticancer drugs. In this study, we report a miR-203-SIK2 axis that involves in the regulation of Taxol sensitivity in colon cancer cells. MiR-203 is downregulated in human colon tumor specimens and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. We report miR-203 is correlated with Taxol sensitivity: overexpression of miR-203 sensitizes colon cancer cells and the Taxol-resistant cells display downregulated miR-203 compared with Taxol-sensitive cells. We identify SIK2 as a direct target of miR-203 in colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-203 complementary pairs to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SIK2, leading to the sensitization of Taxol resistant cells. In addition, miR-203 and the salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) are reverse expressed in human colorectal tumors. Finally, we demonstrate recovery of SIK2 by overexpression of SIK2-desensitized Taxol-resistant cells, supporting the miR-203-mediated sensitization to Taxol, is through the inhibition of SIK2. In general, our study will provide mechanisms of the microRNA-based anti-tumor therapy to develop anti-chemoresistance drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Cuiying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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56
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MiR-203 downregulation is responsible for chemoresistance in human glioblastoma by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via SNAI2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8914-28. [PMID: 25871397 PMCID: PMC4496192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a key element of cell migration, invasion, and drug resistance in several types of cancer. In this study, our aim was to clarify microRNAs (miRNAs)-related mechanisms underlying EMT followed by acquired resistance to chemotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM). We used multiple methods to achieve our goal including microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting analysis, loss/gain-of-function analysis, luciferase assays, drug sensitivity assays, wound-healing assay and invasion assay. We found that miR-203 expression was significantly lower in imatinib-resistant GBM cells (U251AR, U87AR) that underwent EMT than in their parental cells (U251, U87). Ectopic expression of miR-203 with miRNA mimics effectively reversed EMT in U251AR and U87AR cells, and sensitized them to chemotherapy, whereas inhibition of miR-203 in the sensitive lines with antisense oligonucleotides induced EMT and conferred chemoresistance. SNAI2 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-203. The knockdown of SNAI2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibited EMT and drug resistance. In GBM patients, miR-203 expression was inversely related to SNAI2 expression, and those tumors with low expression of miR-203 experienced poorer clinical outcomes. Our findings indicate that re-expression of miR-203 or targeting SNAI2 might serve as potential therapeutic approaches to overcome chemotherapy resistance in GBM.
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57
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Zhang Y, Zhou SY, Yan HZ, Xu DD, Chen HX, Wang XY, Wang X, Liu YT, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhou PJ, Fu WY, Ruan BB, Ma DL, Wang Y, Liu QY, Ren Z, Liu Z, Zhang R, Wang YF. miR-203 inhibits proliferation and self-renewal of leukemia stem cells by targeting survivin and Bmi-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19995. [PMID: 26847520 PMCID: PMC4742816 DOI: 10.1038/srep19995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the leading causes of failed cancer therapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Although the mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood, they may be related to the presence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Down-regulation of the miR-203 reportedly contributes to oncogenesis and chemo-resistance in multiple cancers. We found that miR-203 expression was down-regulated in CD34 + AML cells as compared with CD34− cells isolated from patients as well as in LSC-enriched (CD34 + CD38−) cell lines KG-1a or MOLM13. Additionally, re-expression of miR-203 led to decreased cell proliferation, self-renewal, and sphere formation in LSCs. Moreover, miR-203 was found to directly target the 3′un-translated regions of survivin and Bmi-1 mRNAs affecting proliferation and self-renewal in LSCs. In this study, we identified a novel miR-203/survivin/Bmi-1 axis involved in the regulation of biological properties of LSCs. This axis may represent a new therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia and a potential prognosis/diagnostic marker for LSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China.,Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, U.S.A
| | - Shu-yan Zhou
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Wan-nan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-zhao Yan
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-dan Xu
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Hai-xuan Chen
- College of medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-yan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yu-ting Liu
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Peng-jun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wu-yu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-bo Ruan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-lei Ma
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-ying Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yi-fei Wang
- College of life science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P.R. China
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58
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Mamoori A, Gopalan V, Smith RA, Lam AKY. Modulatory roles of microRNAs in the regulation of different signalling pathways in large bowel cancer stem cells. Biol Cell 2016; 108:51-64. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Mamoori
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Babylon; Iraq
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
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59
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Ning MS, Andl T. Concise review: custodians of the transcriptome: how microRNAs guard stemness in squamous epithelia. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1047-54. [PMID: 25524325 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
At the core of every dynamic epithelium resides a population of carefully regulated stem cells ensuring its maintenance and balance. The complex mammalian epidermis is no exception to this rule. The last decade has delivered a wealth of knowledge regarding the biology of adult stem cells, but questions still remain regarding the intricate details of their function and maintenance. To help address these gaps, we turn to the small, single-stranded RNA molecules known as microRNAs. Since their discovery, microRNAs have provided us with novel insights and ground-breaking impulses to enhance our understanding of the biological sciences. Due to their unique role in post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs are essential to cutaneous biology as well as the epidermal stem cell. By serving as buffers to balance between epithelial stemness, proliferation, and differentiation, microRNAs play essential roles in the maintenance of cutaneous stem cells and their transition out of the stem cell compartment. Following an updated overview of microRNA biology, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of microRNAs in cutaneous stem cells, focusing on three major players that have dominated the recent literature: miR-205, miR-203, and miR-125b. We then review clinical applications, discussing the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in regenerative and oncological stem cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Ning
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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60
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Du B, Cao X, Zhao F, Su X, Wang Y, Yan X, Jia S, Zhou J, Yao H. Multimodal imaging-guided, dual-targeted photothermal therapy for cancer. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2038-2050. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The multimodal imaging-guided, dual-targeted photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiangjie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiaosa Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Shaona Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
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61
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Fanale D, Barraco N, Listì A, Bazan V, Russo A. Non-coding RNAs Functioning in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:93-108. [PMID: 27573896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the hypothesis of the presence of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) has received a considerable support. This model suggested the existence of CSCs which, thanks to their self-renewal properties, are able to drive the expansion and the maintenance of malignant cell populations with invasive and metastatic potential in cancer. Increasing evidence showed the ability of such cells to acquire self-renewal, multipotency, angiogenic potential, immune evasion, symmetrical and asymmetrical divisions which, along with the presence of several DNA repair mechanisms, further enhance their oncogenic potential making them highly resistant to common anticancer treatments. The main signaling pathways involved in the homeostasis of colorectal (CRC) stem cells are the Wnt, Notch, Sonic Hedgehog, and Bone Morfogenic Protein (BMP) pathways, which are mostly responsible for all the features that have been widely referred to stem cells. The same pathways have been identified in colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs), conferring a more aggressive phenotype compared to non-stem CRC cells. Recently, several evidences suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play a crucial role in the regulation of different biological mechanisms in CRC, by modulating the expression of critical stem cell transcription factors that have been found active in CSCs. In this chapter, we will discuss the involvement of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in stemness acquisition and maintenance by CRCSCs, through the regulation of pathways modulating the CSC phenotype and growth, carcinogenesis, differentiation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Xu H, Tian Y, Yuan X, Wu H, Liu Q, Pestell RG, Wu K. The role of CD44 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer development. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3783-92. [PMID: 26719706 PMCID: PMC4689260 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a multi-structural and multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, was initially identified as a receptor for hyaluronan that participates in both physiological and pathological processes. CD44 is found to be closely linked to the development of various solid tumors. Molecular studies have revealed that high CD44 expression was correlated with the phenotypes of cancer stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby contributing to tumor invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Correspondingly, blockade of CD44 has been demonstrated to be capable of attenuating the malignant phenotype, slowing cancer progression, and reversing therapy resistance. Clinical analyses showed that high CD44 expression is associated with poor survival of various cancer patients, indicating that CD44 can be a potential prognostic marker. In this review, we summarize recent research progress of CD44 on tumor biology and the clinical significance of CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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63
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Li SY, Zhu R, Zhao K. Progress in understanding role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in acquisition of stem cell properties by colorectal tumor cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4060-4068. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i25.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process in which cells lose epithelial features and gain mesenchymal properties. This process not only contributes to the normal development of tissues and organs, inflammation and wound-related fibrosis or mucosal repair but also participates in carcinoma progression, promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis and induces stem cell properties. EMT also contributes to occurrence of tumor recurrence, metastasis and multi-drug resistance. This review illuminates the mechanism that EMT promotes colorectal carcinoma cells to obtain stemness in terms of microRNAs, signaling pathways and microenvironment, with an aim to provide novel and safe strategies for clinical target therapy.
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64
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Hyaluronic acid-grafted polyamidoamine dendrimers enable long circulation and active tumor targeting simultaneously. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 126:231-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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65
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Ju SY, Huang CYF, Huang WC, Su Y. Identification of thiostrepton as a novel therapeutic agent that targets human colon cancer stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1801. [PMID: 26136074 PMCID: PMC4650716 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that colorectal cancer stem cells (CRSCs) are largely responsible for the metastasis and relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC) after therapy. Hence, identifying new agents that specifically target CRSCs would help improve the effectiveness of current CRC therapies. To accelerate identification of agents targeting CRSCs, the Connectivity Map (CMap) approach was used. Among the top-ranked candidates, thiostrepton, a thiazole antibiotic, was selected for further investigation because of its known tumoricidal activity. Thiostrepton could selectively induce apoptosis in CRSC subpopulations in both parental HCT-15 and HT-29 human CRC lines as well as in EMT and chemoresistant clones derived from them. Further, we investigated its inhibitory effects on the sphere- and colony-forming capabilities of the aforementioned CRC lines. The in vitro inhibition of sphere and colony formation was associated with downregulation of various modulators of the stem cell phenotype. The combination of thiostrepton and oxaliplatin eradicated both CD44+ HCT-15 and HT-29 cells more efficiently than either drug alone. FoxM1, an oncogenic transcription factor, was identified as a critical positive modulator of stemness and as the main target of thiostrepton in the CRC lines. This is the first report showing the selective killing of CRSCs by thiostrepton, which has been proposed to be a promising anti-neoplastic agent. On the basis of its synergism with oxaliplatin in killing CRSCs in vitro, if this activity is confirmed in vivo, thiostrepton may be a promising agent to be used clinically in combination with current chemotherapies to improve the efficacy of these regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Ju
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-C Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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66
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Yan Y, Zuo X, Wei D. Concise Review: Emerging Role of CD44 in Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1033-43. [PMID: 26136504 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The reception and integration of the plethora of signals a cell receives from its microenvironment determines the cell's fate. CD44 functions as a receptor for hyaluronan and many other extracellular matrix components, as well as a cofactor for growth factors and cytokines, and thus, CD44 is a signaling platform that integrates cellular microenvironmental cues with growth factor and cytokine signals and transduces signals to membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins or to the nucleus to regulate a variety of gene expression levels related to cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, are cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and critical players in regulating the properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoradioresistance. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, are valuable prognostic markers in various types of tumors. Therefore, therapies that target CD44 may destroy the CSC population, and this holds great promise for the cure of life-threatening cancers. However, many challenges remain to determining how best to use CD44 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Here we summarize the current findings concerning the critical role of CD44/CD44v in the regulation of cancer stemness and the research status of CD44/CD44v as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. We also discuss the current challenges and future directions that may lead to the best use of CD44/CD44v for clinical applications. SIGNIFICANCE Mounting evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are mainly responsible for cancer aggressiveness, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, have been identified as CSC surface markers for isolating and enriching CSCs in different types of cancers. The current findings concerning the critical role of CD44/CD44v in regulation of cancer stemness and the research status of CD44/CD44v as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer are summarized. The current challenges and future directions that may lead to best use of CD44/CD44v for clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Yan
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; School of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; School of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; School of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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67
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MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:823620. [PMID: 26064956 PMCID: PMC4438141 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.
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68
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Sun B, Yang N, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Hou C, Ji C, Liu Y, Zuo P. Antagomir-1290 suppresses CD133⁺ cells in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6223-30. [PMID: 25783528 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) are involved in cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in regulating CSLCs. miRNA-based therapeutic strategy associated with CSLCs might promise potential new therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we found that miR-1290 was increased in CD133(+) cells. Antagomir-1290 significantly suppressed tumor volume and weight initiated by CD133(+) cells in vivo. Furthermore, antagomir-1290 significantly inhibited the proliferation, clonogenicity, invasion, and migration of CD133(+) cells by targeting fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase. These findings provide insights into the clinical prospect of miR-1290-based therapies for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dongdansantiao, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
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69
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Yang HZ, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Xu LM, Chen XJ, Ding WB, Zou HB. Autophagy contributes to the enrichment and survival of colorectal cancer stem cells under oxaliplatin treatment. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:128-36. [PMID: 25749420 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, chemoresistance is an important cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer. Cancer stem cells, which are a population of multi-potent cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate, have been found to participate in chemoresistance. In the present study, the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin induced autophagy in colorectal cancer cell lines, which in turn protected cancer cells from apoptosis. Further results showed that oxaliplatin-induced autophagy enriched the population of colorectal CSCs and participated in maintaining the stemness of colorectal CSCs, thus making the cells more resistant to chemotherapy. Taken together, the results indicate that autophagy might enhance the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells by protecting the stemness and chemoresistance of colorectal CSCs. Our study demonstrates that autophagy plays a pro-survival role in colorectal CSCs subjected to oxaliplatin. Therefore, targeting autophagy may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to address chemoresistance in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zheng Yang
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Biobank, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Long-Mei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ding
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Han-Bing Zou
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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70
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Kapinas K, Kim H, Mandeville M, Martin-Buley LA, Croce CM, Lian JB, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Altieri DC, Stein GS. microRNA-mediated survivin control of pluripotency. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:63-70. [PMID: 24891298 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that sustain pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is an active area of research that may prove useful in regenerative medicine and will provide fundamental information relevant to development and cancer. hESCs and cancer cells share the unique ability to proliferate indefinitely and rapidly. Because the protein survivin is uniquely overexpressed in virtually all human cancers and in hESCs, we sought to investigate its role in supporting the distinctive capabilities of these cell types. Results presented here suggest that survivin contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency and that post-transcriptional control of survivin isoform expression is selectively regulated by microRNAs. miR-203 has been extensively studied in human tumors, but has not been characterized in hESCs. We show that miR-203 expression and activity is consistent with the expression and subcellular localization of survivin isoforms that in turn modulate expression of the Oct4 and Nanog transcription factors to sustain pluripotency. This study contributes to understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms that govern whether hESCs proliferate or commit to lineages.
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71
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MiR-203 inhibits melanoma invasive and proliferative abilities by targeting the polycomb group gene BMI1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:361-6. [PMID: 25475727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major problem in malignant melanoma, posing a therapeutic challenge to clinicians. The investigation of the underlying mechanism driving this progress remains a large unmet need. In this study, we revealed a miR-203-BMI1 axis that regulated melanoma metastasis. We found significantly deregulation of miR-203 and up-regulation of BMI1 in melanoma, particularly in metastatic melanoma. An inverse correlation between the levels of miR-203 and BMI1 was further observed in melanoma tissues and cell lines. We also identified BMI1 as a downstream target gene of miR-203, which bound to the 3'UTR of BMI1. Overexpression of miR-203 was associated with decreased BMI1 expression and impaired cell invasion and tumor sphere formation activities. Re-expression of BMI1 markedly rescued miR-203-mediated suppression of these events. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-203 regulated melanoma invasive and proliferative abilities in part by targeting BMI1, providing new insights into potential mechanisms of melanoma metastasis.
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72
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MicroRNAs associated with the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in biliary tract cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20134-57. [PMID: 25380521 PMCID: PMC4264160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a palliative treatment option for unresectable hilar biliary tract cancer (BTC) showing a considerable benefit for survival and quality of life with few side effects. Currently, factors determining the cellular response of BTC cells towards PDT are unknown. Due to their multifaceted nature, microRNAs (miRs) are a promising analyte to investigate the cellular mechanisms following PDT. For two photosensitizers, Photofrin® and Foscan®, the phototoxicity was investigated in eight BTC cell lines. Each cell line (untreated) was profiled for expression of n=754 miRs using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards. Statistical analysis and bioinformatic tools were used to identify miRs associated with PDT efficiency and their putative targets, respectively. Twenty miRs correlated significantly with either high or low PDT efficiency. PDT was particularly effective in cells with high levels of clustered miRs 25-93*-106b and (in case of miR-106b) a phenotype characterized by high expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin and high proliferation (cyclinD1 and Ki67 expression). Insensitivity towards PDT was associated with high miR-200 family expression and (for miR-cluster 200a/b-429) expression of differentiation markers Ck19 and Ck8/18. Predicted and validated downstream targets indicate plausible involvement of miRs 20a*, 25, 93*, 130a, 141, 200a, 200c and 203 in response mechanisms to PDT, suggesting that targeting these miRs could improve susceptibility to PDT in insensitive cell lines. Taken together, the miRNome pattern may provide a novel tool for predicting the efficiency of PDT and-following appropriate functional verification-may subsequently allow for optimization of the PDT protocol.
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73
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Chanmee T, Ontong P, Mochizuki N, Kongtawelert P, Konno K, Itano N. Excessive hyaluronan production promotes acquisition of cancer stem cell signatures through the coordinated regulation of Twist and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Snail signaling axis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26038-26056. [PMID: 25077968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer cells possesses the ability to self-renew and give rise to malignant progeny that drive cancer progression. Recent reports have also proposed the existence of certain extra- or intracellular signals that allow cancer progenitors to dynamically revert to a stem cell state. However, the mechanisms underlying cancer cell plasticity and CSC expansion are not entirely clear. Our previous studies using a hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) transgenic mouse model demonstrated that hyaluronan overproduction caused rapid development of aggressive breast carcinoma at a high incidence. Thus, we hypothesize that hyaluronan overproduction may accelerate cancer progression by expanding CSC subpopulations during cancer development. Primary cancer cells were established from mammary tumors developed in the transgenic mice and subjected to the Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion assay to sort side population (SP) from non-side population (non-SP) cells. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the enrichment of CD44(high)/CD24(low) CSC-like cells in the SP fraction of hyaluronan-overproducing cancer cells. This subpopulation exhibited several characteristics that were similar to CSCs, including cancer-initiating and mammosphere-forming abilities. Excess hyaluronan production drove the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process defined as the loss of epithelial phenotypes, up-regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related transcriptional factors Snail and Twist. Inhibition of TGF-β-Snail signaling or silencing of Twist expression abrogated the entrance into a stem cell state. Taken together, our findings suggest that hyaluronan overproduction allows plastic cancer cell populations to revert to stem cell states via Twist and the TGF-β-Snail signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerawut Chanmee
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Pawared Ontong
- Division of Engineering (Biotechnology), Graduate School of Engineering, and Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, and
| | - Kenjiro Konno
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Naoki Itano
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Division of Engineering (Biotechnology), Graduate School of Engineering, and Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan,.
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74
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Pedroza-Torres A, López-Urrutia E, García-Castillo V, Jacobo-Herrera N, Herrera LA, Peralta-Zaragoza O, López-Camarillo C, De Leon DC, Fernández-Retana J, Cerna-Cortés JF, Pérez-Plasencia C. MicroRNAs in cervical cancer: evidences for a miRNA profile deregulated by HPV and its impact on radio-resistance. Molecules 2014; 19:6263-81. [PMID: 24840898 PMCID: PMC6271743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma (CC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. Epidemiologic and experimental data have clearly demonstrated a causal role of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types in CC initiation and progression, affecting the cellular processes by targeting and inactivating p53 and pRB host proteins. HR-HPV E5, E6 and E7 oncoproteins have the ability to deregulate several cellular processes, mostly apoptosis, cell cycle control, migration, immune evasion, and induction of genetic instability, which promote the accumulation of mutations and aneuploidy. In this scenario, genomic profiles have shown that aberrant expression of cellular oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs have an important role in CC carcinogenesis. It has been stated that HPV infection and E6/E7 expression are essential but not sufficient to lead to CC development; hence other genetic and epigenetic factors have to be involved in this complex disease. Recent evidence suggests an important level of interaction among E6/E7 viral proteins and cellular miRNA, and other noncoding RNAs. The aim of the current review is to analyze recent data that mainly describe the interaction between HR-HPV established infections and specific cellular miRNAs; moreover, to understand how those interactions could affect radio-therapeutic response in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo López-Urrutia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de Genómica, Mexico DF 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, FES-Iztacala, UBIMED, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico.
| | | | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico DF 14080, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, INSP. Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, CISEI, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
| | | | - David Cantú De Leon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico DF 14080, Mexico.
| | | | - Jorge F Cerna-Cortés
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Microbiología, México DF 07738, Mexico.
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75
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MicroRNAs: master regulators of drug resistance, stemness, and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:321-36. [PMID: 24509937 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-22 nucleotides long small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Last decade has witnessed emerging evidences of active roles of miRNAs in tumor development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Many factors contribute to their dysregulation in cancer, such as chromosomal aberrations, differential methylation of their own or host genes' promoters and alterations in miRNA biogenesis pathways. miRNAs have been shown to act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the targets they regulate and the tissue where they are expressed. Because miRNAs can regulate dozens of genes simultaneously and they can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, they have been proposed as promising targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in driving drug resistance and metastasis which are associated with stem cell properties of cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss systems biology approaches to combine experimental and computational methods to study effects of miRNAs on gene or protein networks regulating these processes. Finally, we describe methods to target oncogenic or replace tumor suppressor miRNAs and current delivery strategies to sensitize refractory cells and to prevent metastasis. A holistic understanding of miRNAs' functions in drug resistance and metastasis, which are major causes of cancer-related deaths, and the development of novel strategies to target them efficiently will pave the way towards better translation of miRNAs into clinics and management of cancer therapy.
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