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Schertl P, Volk J, Perduns R, Adam K, Leyhausen G, Bakopoulou A, Geurtsen W. Impaired angiogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells during exposure to the resinous monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Dent Mater 2018; 35:144-155. [PMID: 30502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into tissue specific lineages to support dental pulp regeneration after injuries. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a widely used co-monomer in restorative dentistry with adverse effects on cellular metabolism. Aim of this study was to analyze the impact of TEGDMA on the angiogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs. METHODS DPSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. Short-term (max. 72h) cytotoxicity of TEGDMA was assessed by MTT assay. To evaluate TEGDMA effects on angiogenic differentiation, DPSCs were cultivated in angiogenic differentiation medium (ADM) in the presence or absence of short-term non-toxic TEGDMA concentrations (0.1mM and 0.25mM). Subsequently, angiogenic differentiation was analyzed by qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA markers and in vitro spheroid sprouting assays. RESULTS DPSCs treated with 0.25mM TEGDMA revealed downregulation of angiogenesis-related marker genes PECAM1 (max. 3.8-fold), VEGF-A (max. 2.4-fold) and FLT1 (max. 2.9-fold) compared to respective untreated control. In addition, a reduction of the sprouting potential of DPSCs cultured in the presence of 0.25mM TEGDMA was detectable. Larger spheroidal structures were detectable in the untreated control in comparison to cells treated with 0.25mM TEGDMA. In contrast, TEGDMA at 0.1mM was not affecting angiogenic potential in the investigated time period (up to 28 days). SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study show that TEGDMA concentration dependently impair the angiogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs and may affect wound healing and the formation of granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schertl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joachim Volk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Renke Perduns
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Knut Adam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Leyhausen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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52
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Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9847015. [PMID: 30581475 PMCID: PMC6276490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9847015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, the potential of using EPCs in tissue engineering as an angiogenic source has been extensively explored. Concomitantly, the impact of EPCs on various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied. Within the limitations of the current knowledge, this review attempts to delineate the concept of EPCs in a sequential manner from the speculative history to a definitive presence (origin, sources of EPCs, isolation, and identification) and significance of these EPCs. Additionally, this review is aimed at serving as a guide for investigators, identifying potential research gaps, and summarizing our current and future prospects regarding EPCs.
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Kiaie N, Aghdam RM, Tafti SHA, Gorabi AM. Stem Cell-Mediated Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering Constructs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 14:249-258. [PMID: 30394215 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666181105145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has always been a concern in the field of tissue engineering. Poor vascularization of engineered constructs is a problem for the clinical success of these structures. Among the various methods employed to induce angiogenesis, stem cells provide a promising tool for the future. The present review aims to present the application of stem cells in the induction of angiogenesis. Additionally, it summarizes recent advancements in stem cell-mediated angiogenesis of different tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kiaie
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875, Iran
| | - Rouhollah M Aghdam
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita M Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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54
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The role of stem cell therapy in regeneration of dentine-pulp complex: a systematic review. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:249-268. [PMID: 30267369 PMCID: PMC6304177 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the dental pulp will result in inflammation and eventually tissue necrosis which is treated conventionally by pulpectomy and root canal treatment. Advances in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering along with the introduction of new sources of stem cells have led to the possibility of pulp tissue regeneration. This systematic review analyzes animal studies published since 2010 to determine the ability of stem cell therapy to regenerate the dentine-pulp complex (DPC) and the success of clinical protocols. In vitro and human clinical studies are excluded and only the experimental studies on animal models were included. Dental pulp stem cells constitute the most commonly used cell type. The majority of stem cells are incorporated into various types of scaffold and implanted into root canals. Some of the studies combine growth factors with stem cells in an attempt to improve the outcome. Studies of ectopic transplantation using small animal models are simple and non-systematic evaluation techniques. Stem cell concentrations have not been so far reported; therefore, the translational value of such animal studies remains questionable. Though all types of stem cells appear capable of regenerating a dentine-pulp complex, still several factors have been considered in selecting the cell type. Co-administrative factors are essential for inducing the systemic migration of stem cells, and their vascularization and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. Scaffolds provide a biodegradable structure able to control the release of growth factors. To identify problems and reduce costs, novel strategies should be initially tested in subcutaneous or renal capsule implantation followed by root canal models to confirm results.
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55
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Koutsoumparis A, Vassili A, Bakopoulou A, Ziouta A, Tsiftsoglou AS. Erythropoietin (rhEPOa) promotes endothelial transdifferentiation of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:96-103. [PMID: 30205239 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted worldwide attention for their capacity to repair damaged tissue, immunosuppression, ability to differentiate into several cell types and their secretome. Earlier studies have demonstrated their angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known regarding pro-angiogenic inducers of stable endothelial transdifferentiation of MSCs. Here, we employed human MSCs from the Apical Papilla (SCAP) and investigated whether recombinant human erythropoietin-alpha (rhEPOa) could act as such inducer. DESIGN Cultured SCAP cells were exposed to rhEPOa and assessed for cell growth kinetics, viability and morphology, as well as their capacity to form capillary tubule structures in selected microenvironments. RT-PCR was used to monitor endothelial markers and activation of EPO/EPOR pathway signaling components; while gelatin zymographies to assess activation of MMP-2. RESULTS rhEPOa treatment initially (48 h) accelerated cell proliferation and allowed SCAP to sprout micro-tubular structures. Morphological and biochemical differentiation was accompanied by activation of MMP-2 and upregulation of PECAM-1, VEGFR2, vWF and VE-cadherin/CDH5. SCAP expressed the cognate EPO-R, while rhEPOa-treated SCAP exhibited higher expression of molecules involved in EPO/EPOR pathway (EPOR and JAK2). CONCLUSION rhEPOa is capable of promoting endothelial transdifferentiation of SCAP which may be of clinical value in treating of ischemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Koutsoumparis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Angelina Vassili
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Argyro Ziouta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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56
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Nada OA, El Backly RM. Stem Cells From the Apical Papilla (SCAP) as a Tool for Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:103. [PMID: 30087893 PMCID: PMC6066565 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells extracted from developing tissues possibly exhibit not only unique but also superior traits against their developed counterparts. Indeed, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP); a unique group of dental stem cells related to developing roots have been shown to be a promising tool for regenerative endodontic procedures and regeneration in general. Studies have characterized the phenotypic traits as well as other regenerative potentials of these cells. Specific sub-populations have been highlighted as well as their neurogenic and angiogenic properties. Nevertheless, in light of the previously discussed features and potential applications of SCAP, there is still much to understand and a lot of information to unravel. The current review will discuss the role of specific markers for detection of different functional populations of SCAP; including CD146 and STRO-1, as well as their true multilineage differentiation potential. In particular, the role of the secretome in association with paracrine signaling in inflammatory microenvironments is also tackled. Additionally, the role of SCAP both in vitro and in vivo during regenerative approaches and in response to different growth factors and biologic scaffolds is highlighted. Finally, this review will shed light on current knowledge regarding the clinical translational potential of SCAP and elucidate possible areas for future research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Nada
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania M El Backly
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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57
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Angelopoulos I, Brizuela C, Khoury M. Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Outperform Haploidentical Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Proliferation Rate, Migration Ability, and Angiogenic Potential. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:967-978. [PMID: 29770705 PMCID: PMC6050910 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718759649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High donor variation makes comparison studies between different dental sources dubious. Dental tissues offer a rare opportunity for comparing the biological characteristics of haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the same donor. The objective was to identify the optimal dental source of MSCs through a biological and functional comparison of haploidentical MSCs from gingival (GMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) focusing mainly on their angiogenic potential. The comparison study included (1) surface markers expression, (2) mesodermal differentiation capacity (chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic), (3) proliferation, (4) migration potential, (5) ability to form colony units, and (6) angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Comparative analysis showed no difference in the immunophenotypic profile nor for the trilineage differentiation potential. Proliferation of GMSCs was higher than DPSCs at day 6 (2.6-fold higher, P < 0.05). GMSCs showed superior migratory capacity compared to DPSCs at 4, 8, and 12 h (2.1-, 1.5-, and 1.2-fold higher, respectively, P < 0.05). Furthermore, GMSCs formed a higher number of colony units for both cell concentrations (1.7- and 1.4-fold higher for 150 and 250 starting cells, respectively, P < 0.05). GMSCs showed an improved angiogenic capacity compared to DPSCs (total tube lengths 1.17-fold higher and 1.5-fold total loops, P < 0.05). This was correlated with an enhanced release of vascular growth factor under hypoxic conditions. Finally, in the plug transplantation assay evaluating the angiogenesis in vivo, the DPSC and GMSC hemoglobin content was 3.9- and 4-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the control (Matrigel alone). GMSCs were superior to their haploidentical DPSCs in proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potentials. This study positions GMSCs in the forefront of dental cell sources for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelopoulos
- 1 Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Brizuela
- 3 Centro de Investigación en Biología y Regeneración Oral (CIBRO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- 1 Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,2 Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,4 Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
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58
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Potential Roles of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Neural Regeneration and Repair. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1731289. [PMID: 29853908 PMCID: PMC5964589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1731289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current advances in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their potential applications in the nervous diseases. Injured adult mammalian nervous system has a limited regenerative capacity due to an insufficient pool of precursor cells in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Nerve growth is also constrained by inhibitory factors (associated with central myelin) and barrier tissues (glial scarring). Stem cells, possessing the capacity of self-renewal and multicellular differentiation, promise new therapeutic strategies for overcoming these impediments to neural regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) derive from a cranial neural crest lineage, retain a remarkable potential for neuronal differentiation, and additionally express multiple factors that are suitable for neuronal and axonal regeneration. DPSCs can also express immunomodulatory factors that stimulate formation of blood vessels and enhance regeneration and repair of injured nerve. These unique properties together with their ready accessibility make DPSCs an attractive cell source for tissue engineering in injured and diseased nervous systems. In this review, we interrogate the neuronal differentiation potential as well as the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of DPSCs and its application in the injured nervous system. Taken together, DPSCs are an ideal stem cell resource for therapeutic approaches to neural repair and regeneration in nerve diseases.
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59
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Yusof MFH, Zahari W, Hashim SNM, Osman ZF, Chandra H, Kannan TP, Noordin KBAA, Azlina A. Angiogenic and osteogenic potentials of dental stem cells in bone tissue engineering. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2018; 8:48-53. [PMID: 29556464 PMCID: PMC5854554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of dental stem cells (DSCs) using current technologies in tissue engineering unveil promising prospect in regenerative medicine. DSCs have shown to possess angiogenic and osteogenic potential in both in vivo and in vitro. Neural crest derived DSCs can successfully be isolated from various dental tissues, exploiting their intrinsic great differentiation potential. In this article, researcher team intent to review the characteristics of DSCs, with focus on their angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation lineage. Clinical data on DSCs are still lacking to prove their restorative abilities despite extensive contemporary literature, warranting research to further validate their application for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fuad Hilmi Yusof
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wafa’ Zahari
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Faizuddin Osman
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamshawagini Chandra
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Azlina
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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60
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Doğan A, Demirci S, Apdik H, Apdik EA, Şahin F. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) increase prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration under in vitro conditions. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:711-718. [PMID: 29054337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer as a multistep and complicated disease is regulated by several molecular and cellular events. Cancer treatment could be managed at the early stages when the tumor is confined in the tissue. However, disseminated cancer cells metastasize to other body parts and generate new tumors resulting in mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in different body parts and helps adult tissue regeneration. The role of MSCs in cancer progression has emerged as one of the important aspects in cancer biology and is the aim of interest in recent years. In the current study, effects of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) on PC-3 prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration were conducted by cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression and cell migration analysis in vitro. Condition medium (CM) obtained from DPSCs increased cell proliferation of PC-3 cells and decreased apoptosis. Either administration of CM or trans well co-culture of DPSCs increased cell migration in scratch assay, confirmed by gene expression analysis of migratory genes including fibronectin, laminin and collagen type I (Col I). Furthermore, DPSCs participated in a self-organized structure with PC-3 cells in co-culture conditions. Overall, results indicated that DPSCs could promote PC-3 cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in co-culture conditions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Apdik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Avşar Apdik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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61
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The Angiogenic Potential of DPSCs and SCAPs in an In Vivo Model of Dental Pulp Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2582080. [PMID: 29018483 PMCID: PMC5605798 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2582080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate vascularization, a restricting factor for the survival of engineered tissues, is often promoted by the addition of stem cells or the appropriate angiogenic growth factors. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were applied in an in vivo model of dental pulp regeneration in order to compare their regenerative potential and confirm their previously demonstrated paracrine angiogenic properties. 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing DPSCs and/or SCAPs were subcutaneously transplanted into immunocompromised mice. After twelve weeks, histological and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the regeneration of vascularized pulp-like tissue as well as mineralized tissue formation in all stem cell constructs. Despite the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro, the stem cell constructs did not display a higher vascularization rate in comparison to control conditions. Similar results were found after eight weeks, which suggests both osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of the transplanted stem cells and the promotion of angiogenesis in this particular setting. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the successful formation of vascularized pulp-like tissue in 3D-printed scaffolds containing dental stem cells, emphasizing the promising role of this approach in dental tissue engineering.
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62
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Lambrichts I, Driesen RB, Dillen Y, Gervois P, Ratajczak J, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Bronckaers A, Hilkens P. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Their Potential in Reinnervation and Angiogenesis by Using Scaffolds. J Endod 2017; 43:S12-S16. [PMID: 28781091 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a highly vascularized and innervated tissue containing a heterogeneous stem cell population with multilineage differentiation potential. Current endodontic treatments focus on the preservation of the pulp tissue and the regeneration of dental pulp after pathological insults. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are currently investigated as stem cell-based therapy for pulp regeneration and for peripheral nerve injury in which neurons and Schwann cells display limited regenerative capacity. We have developed a neuronal differentiation protocol for hDPSCs that requires neurosphere formation before neuronal maturation. Moreover, Schwann cell differentiation of hDPSCs in our group revealed that differentiated hDPSCs have acquired the ability to myelinate and guide neurites from dorsal root ganglia. Besides their dynamic differentiation capacity, hDPSCs were shown to exert a paracrine effect on neural and endothelial cells. Analysis of hDPSC conditioned medium revealed the secretion of a broad spectrum of growth factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Application of the conditioned medium to endothelial cells promoted cell migration and tubulogenesis, indicating a paracrine proangiogenic effect. This hypothesis was enforced by the enhanced formation of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane assay in the presence of hDPSCs. In addition, transplantation of 3-dimensional-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing peptide hydrogels and hDPSCs into immunocompromised mice revealed blood vessel ingrowth, pulplike tissue formation, and osteodentin deposition suggesting osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Future studies in our research group will focus on the pulp regeneration capacity of hDPSCs and the role of fibroblasts within the pulp extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Lambrichts
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ronald B Driesen
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yörg Dillen
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jessica Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petra Hilkens
- Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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63
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Ducret M, Fabre H, Celle A, Mallein-Gerin F, Perrier-Groult E, Alliot-Licht B, Farges JC. Current challenges in human tooth revitalization. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S159-S168. [PMID: 28372291 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tooth vitality and health are related to the presence of a living connective tissue, the dental pulp (DP), in the center of the dental organ. The DP contains the tooth immune defence system that is activated against invading oral cariogenic bacteria during the caries process and the tissue repair/regeneration machinery involved following microorganisms' eradication. However, penetration of oral bacteria into the DP often leads to complete tissue destruction and colonization of the endodontic space by microorganisms. Classical endodontic therapies consist of disinfecting then sealing the endodontic space with a gutta percha-based material. However, re-infections of the endodontic space by oral bacteria can occur, owing to the lack of tightness of the material. Recent findings suggest that regenerating a fully functional pulp tissue may be an ideal therapeutic solution to maintain a tooth defence system that will detect and help manage future injuries. The objective of this paper was to explain the different revascularization and regeneration strategies that have been proposed to reconstitute a living DP tissue and to discuss the main challenges that have to be resolved to improve these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
| | - Hugo Fabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Celle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Mallein-Gerin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Perrier-Groult
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR1064, INSERM, Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
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64
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Angiogenic Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Regulated by SDF-1 α-CXCR4 Axis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8085462. [PMID: 28588623 PMCID: PMC5447288 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8085462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the perivascular characteristics of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were reported, which suggested the potential application of DPSCs as perivascular cell source. In this study, we investigated whether DPSCs had angiogenic capacity by coinjection with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vivo; in addition, we determined the role of stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in the mutual interaction between DPSCs and HUVECs. Primarily isolated DPSCs showed mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) like characteristics. Moreover, DPSCs expressed perivascular markers such as NG2, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), and CD146. In vivo angiogenic capacity of DPSCs was demonstrated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay. We could observe microvessel-like structures in the coinjection of DPSCs and HUVECs at 7 days postinjection. To block SDF-1α and CXCR4 axis between DPSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into Matrigel plug. No significant microvessel-like structures were observed at 7 days postinjection. In conclusion, DPSCs have perivascular characteristics that contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. The findings of this study have potential applications in neovascularization of engineered tissues and vascular diseases.
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65
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Yasui T, Mabuchi Y, Morikawa S, Onizawa K, Akazawa C, Nakagawa T, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y. Isolation of dental pulp stem cells with high osteogenic potential. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:8. [PMID: 29259707 PMCID: PMC5725894 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells/progenitor cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained and can have excellent proliferative and mineralization potentials. Therefore, many studies have investigated the isolation and bone formation of DPSCs. In most previous reports, human DPSCs were traditionally isolated by exploiting their ability to adhere to plastic tissue culture dishes. DPSCs isolated by plastic adherence are frequently contaminated by other cells, which limits the ability to investigate their basic biology and regenerative properties. Additionally, the proliferative and osteogenic potentials vary depending on the isolated cells. It is very difficult to obtain cells of a sufficient quality to elicit the required effect upon transplantation. Considering clinical applications, stem cells used for regenerative medicine need to be purified in order to increase the efficiency of bone regeneration, and a stable supply of these cells must be generated. Here, we review the purification of DPSCs and studies of cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration using these cells. Additionally, we introduce the prospective isolation of DPSCs using specific cell surface markers: low-affinity nerve growth factor and thymocyte antigen 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takazumi Yasui
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Onizawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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66
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Semaphorin 4D Enhances Angiogenic Potential and Suppresses Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2017; 43:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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67
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Gervois P, Wolfs E, Dillen Y, Hilkens P, Ratajczak J, Driesen R, Vangansewinkel T, Bronckaers A, Brône B, Struys T, Lambrichts I. Paracrine Maturation and Migration of SH-SY5Y Cells by Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2017; 96:654-662. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517690491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are characterized by neurodegeneration and/or loss of neuronal function, which cannot be adequately repaired by the host. Therefore, there is need for novel treatment options such as cell-based therapies that aim to salvage or reconstitute the lost tissue or that stimulate host repair. The present study aimed to evaluate the paracrine effects of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on the migration and neural maturation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The hDPSC secretome had a significant chemoattractive effect on SH-SY5Y cells as shown by a transwell assay. To evaluate neural maturation, SH-SY5Y cells were first induced toward neuronal cells, after which they were exposed to the hDPSC secretome. In addition, SH-SY5Y cells subjected to the hDPSC secretome showed increased neuritogenesis compared with nonexposed cells. Maturated cells were shown to increase immune reactivity for neuronal markers compared with controls. Ultrastructurally, retinoic acid (RA) signaling and subsequent exposure to the hDPSC secretome induced a gradual rise in metabolic activity and neuronal features such as multivesicular bodies and cytoskeletal elements associated with cellular communication. In addition, electrophysiological recordings of differentiating cells demonstrated a transition toward a neuronal electrophysiological profile based on the maximum tetrodotoxin (TTX)–sensitive, Na+ current. Moreover, conditioned medium (CM)–hDPSC–maturated SH-SY5Y cells developed distinct features including, Cd2+-sensitive currents, which suggests that CM-hDPSC–maturated SH-SY5Y acquired voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The results reported in this study demonstrate the potential of hDPSCs to support differentiation and recruitment of cells with neuronal precursor characteristics in a paracrine manner. Moreover, this in vitro experimental design showed that the widely used SH-SY5Y cell line can improve and simplify the preclinical in vitro research on the molecular mechanisms of stem cell–mediated neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Gervois
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - E. Wolfs
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Y. Dillen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - P. Hilkens
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J. Ratajczak
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - R.B. Driesen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T. Vangansewinkel
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A. Bronckaers
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B. Brône
- Group of Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - T. Struys
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - I. Lambrichts
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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68
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Song M, Lee JH, Bae J, Bu Y, Kim EC. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Are More Effective Than Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1001-1016. [PMID: 28105979 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x694391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the therapeutic effects and mechanism of transplanted human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in a rat stroke model and an in vitro model of ischemia. Rats were intravenously injected with hDPSCs or hBM-MSCs 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), and both groups showed improved functional recovery and reduced infarct volume versus control rats, but the hDPSC group showed greater reduction in infarct volume than the hBM-MSC group. The positive area for the endothelial cell marker was greater in the lesion boundary areas in the hDPSC group than in the hBM-MSC group. Administration of hDPSCs to rats with stroke significantly decreased reactive gliosis, as evidenced by the attenuation of MCAo-induced GFAP+/nestin+ and GFAP+/Musashi-1+ cells, compared with hBM-MSCs. In vivo findings were confirmed by in vitro data illustrating that hDPSCs showed superior neuroprotective, migratory, and in vitro angiogenic effects in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured human astrocytes (hAs) versus hBM-MSCs. Comprehensive comparative bioinformatics analyses from hDPSC- and hBM-MSC-treated in vitro OGD-injured hAs were examined by RNA sequencing technology. In gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses, significant pathways in the hDPSC-treated group were the MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways. Thus, hDPSCs may be a better cell therapy source for ischemic stroke than hBM-MSCs.
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69
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Sanen K, Martens W, Georgiou M, Ameloot M, Lambrichts I, Phillips J. Engineered neural tissue with Schwann cell differentiated human dental pulp stem cells: potential for peripheral nerve repair? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3362-3372. [PMID: 28052540 DOI: 10.1002/term.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the spontaneous regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system, large gap peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) require bridging strategies. The limitations and suboptimal results obtained with autografts or hollow nerve conduits in the clinic urge the need for alternative treatments. Recently, we have described promising neuroregenerative capacities of Schwann cells derived from differentiated human dental pulp stem cells (d-hDPSCs) in vitro. Here, we extended the in vitro assays to show the pro-angiogenic effects of d-hDPSCs, such as enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, for the first time we evaluated the performance of d-hDPSCs in an in vivo rat model of PNI. Eight weeks after transplantation of NeuraWrap™ conduits filled with engineered neural tissue (EngNT) containing aligned d-hDPSCs in 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defects, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis revealed ingrowing neurites, myelinated nerve fibres and blood vessels along the construct. Although further research is required to optimize the delivery of this EngNT, our findings suggest that d-hDPSCs are able to exert a positive effect in the regeneration of nerve tissue in vivo. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Sanen
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wendy Martens
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melanie Georgiou
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biophysics Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - James Phillips
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
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70
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Yu S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Ge L. Profiling the Secretome of Human Stem Cells from Dental Apical Papilla. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:499-508. [PMID: 26742889 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that secretion of bioactive factors from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a primary role in MSC-mediated therapy; especially for bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). MSCs from dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are involved in root development and may play a critical role in the formation of dentin and pulp. Bioactive factors secreted from SCAPs actively contribute to their environment; however, the SCAPs secretome remains unclear. To address this and gain a deeper understanding of the relevance of SCAPs secretions in a clinical setting, we used isobaric chemical tags and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to profile the secretome of human SCAPs and then compared it to that of BMSCs. A total of 2,046 proteins were detected from the conditioned medium of SCAPs, with a false discovery rate of less than 1.0%. Included were chemokines along with angiogenic, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The secreted levels of 151 proteins were found to differ by at least twofold when BMSCs and SCAPs were compared. Relative to BMSCs, SCAPs exhibited increased secretion of proteins that are involved in metabolic processes and transcription and lower levels of those associated with biological adhesion, developmental processes, and immune function. In addition, SCAPs secreted significantly larger amounts of chemokines and neurotrophins than BMSCs, whereas BMSCs secreted more ECM proteins and proangiogenic factors. These results may provide important clues regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with tissue regeneration and how they differ between cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Ma
- 2 The Department of Orthodontics Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ge
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing, China
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71
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Angiogenic Capacity of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Pretreated with Deferoxamine and/or Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167807. [PMID: 27936076 PMCID: PMC5147980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) represent a good source of multipotent cells for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The success rate of these treatments is severely dependent on the establishment of adequate vasculature in order to provide oxygen and nutrients to the transplanted cells. Pharmacological preconditioning of stem cells has been proposed as a promising method to augment their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the aim was to improve the intrinsic angiogenic properties of PDLSCs by in vitro pretreatment with deferoxamine (DFX; 100μM), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2; 10ng/mL) or both substances combined. An antibody array revealed the differential expression of several proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF). ELISA data confirmed a 1.5 to 1.8-fold increase in VEGF for all tested conditions. Moreover, 48 hours after the removal of DFX, VEGF levels remained elevated (1.8-fold) compared to control conditions. FGF-2 and combination treatment resulted in a 5.4 to 13.1-fold increase in PlGF secretion, whereas DFX treatment had no effect. Furthermore, both PDLSCs as pretreated PDLSCs induced endothelial migration. Despite the significant elevated VEGF levels of pretreated PDLSCs, the induced endothelial migration was not higher by pretreated PDLSCs. We find that the observed induced endothelial cell motility was not dependent on VEGF, since blocking the VEGFR1-3 with Axitinib (0.5nM) did not inhibit endothelial motility towards PDLSCs. Taken together, this study provides evidence that preconditioning with DFX and/or FGF-2 significantly improves the angiogenic secretome of PDLSCs, in particular VEGF and PlGF secretion. However, our data suggest that VEGF is not the only player when it comes to influencing endothelial behavior by the PDLSCs.
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72
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Lu Z, Xiao Z, Liu F, Cui M, Li W, Yang Z, Li J, Ye L, Zhang X. Long non-coding RNA HULC promotes tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer by up-regulating sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1). Oncotarget 2016; 7:241-54. [PMID: 26540633 PMCID: PMC4807995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). We found that HULC up-regulated sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which is involved in tumor angiogenesis. Levels of HULC were positively correlated with levels of SPHK1 and its product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in patients HCC samples. HULC increased SPHK1 in hepatoma cells. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays revealed that si-SPHK1 remarkably blocked the HULC-enhanced angiogenesis. Mechanistically, HULC activated the promoter of SPHK1 in hepatoma cells through the transcription factor E2F1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further showed that E2F1 was capable of binding to the E2F1 element in the SPHK1 promoter. HULC increased the expression of E2F1 in hepatoma cells and levels of HULC were positively correlated with those of E2F1 in HCC tissues. Intriguingly, HULC sequestered miR-107, which targeted E2F1 mRNA 3′UTR, by complementary base pairing. Functionally, si-SPHK1 remarkably abolished the HULC-enhanced tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we conclude that HULC promotes tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer through miR-107/E2F1/SPHK1 signaling. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zelin Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fabao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Science Laboratory, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi Provence, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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73
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Stem Cells of Dental Origin: Current Research Trends and Key Milestones towards Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4209891. [PMID: 27818690 PMCID: PMC5081960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4209891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), including Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED), and Stem Cells From Apical Papilla (SCAP), have been extensively studied using highly sophisticated in vitro and in vivo systems, yielding substantially improved understanding of their intriguing biological properties. Their capacity to reconstitute various dental and nondental tissues and the inherent angiogenic, neurogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of their secretome have been a subject of meticulous and costly research by various groups over the past decade. Key milestone achievements have exemplified their clinical utility in Regenerative Dentistry, as surrogate therapeutic modules for conventional biomaterial-based approaches, offering regeneration of damaged oral tissues instead of simply “filling the gaps.” Thus, the essential next step to validate these immense advances is the implementation of well-designed clinical trials paving the way for exploiting these fascinating research achievements for patient well-being: the ultimate aim of this ground breaking technology. This review paper presents a concise overview of the major biological properties of the human dental MSCs, critical for the translational pathway “from bench to clinic.”
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74
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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75
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Gervois P, Wolfs E, Ratajczak J, Dillen Y, Vangansewinkel T, Hilkens P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Struys T. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Results and the Potential of Imaging-Assisted Evaluation of Donor Cell Fate and Mechanisms of Brain Regeneration. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1080-1126. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gervois
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jessica Ratajczak
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Yörg Dillen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Petra Hilkens
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
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76
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Fanton Y, Houbrechts C, Willems L, Daniëls A, Linsen L, Ratajczak J, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Declercq J, Rummens JL, Hendrikx M, Hensen K. Cardiac atrial appendage stem cells promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:235-44. [PMID: 27291064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac atrial appendage stem cells (CASCs) show extraordinary myocardial differentiation properties, making them ideal candidates for myocardial regeneration. However, since the myocardium is a highly vascularized tissue, revascularization of the ischemic infarct area is essential for functional repair. Therefore, this study assessed if CASCs contribute to cardiac angiogenesis via paracrine mechanisms. First, it was demonstrated that CASCs produce and secrete high levels of numerous angiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Functional in vitro assays with a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) and CASC CM showed that CASCs promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, the most important steps of the angiogenesis process. Addition of inhibitory antibodies against identified growth factors could significantly reduce these effects, indicating their importance in CASC-induced neovascularization. The angiogenic potential of CASCs and CASC CM was also confirmed in a chorioallantoic membrane assay, demonstrating that CASCs promote blood vessel formation in vivo. In conclusion, this study shows that CASCs not only induce myocardial repair by cardiomyogenic differentiation, but also stimulate blood vessel formation by paracrine mechanisms. The angiogenic properties of CASCs further strengthen their therapeutic potential and make them an optimal stem cell source for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanick Fanton
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Cynthia Houbrechts
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Leen Willems
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annick Daniëls
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Loes Linsen
- AC Biobanking, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Declercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karen Hensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Woloszyk A, Buschmann J, Waschkies C, Stadlinger B, Mitsiadis TA. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts Seeded into Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Have the Same Ability in Attracting Vessels. Front Physiol 2016; 7:140. [PMID: 27148078 PMCID: PMC4835714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the most important processes during tissue repair and regeneration. Current healing approaches based on the use of biomaterials combined with stem cells in critical-size bone defects fail due to the insufficient implant vascularization and integration into the host tissues. Therefore, here we studied the attraction, ingrowth, and distribution of blood vessels from the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane into implanted silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with either human dental pulp stem cells or human gingival fibroblasts. Perfusion capacity was evaluated by non-invasive in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging while the number and density of blood vessels were measured by histomorphometry. Our results demonstrate that human dental pulp stem cells and gingival fibroblasts possess equal abilities in attracting vessels within silk fibroin scaffolds. Additionally, the prolonged in vitro pre-incubation period of these two cell populations favors the homogeneous distribution of vessels within silk fibroin scaffolds, which further improves implant survival and guarantees successful healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woloszyk
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Conny Waschkies
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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Martínez CE, González SA, Palma V, Smith PC. Platelet-Poor and Platelet-Rich Plasma Stimulate Bone Lineage Differentiation in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Periodontol 2016; 87:e18-26. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gorin C, Rochefort GY, Bascetin R, Ying H, Lesieur J, Sadoine J, Beckouche N, Berndt S, Novais A, Lesage M, Hosten B, Vercellino L, Merlet P, Le-Denmat D, Marchiol C, Letourneur D, Nicoletti A, Vital SO, Poliard A, Salmon B, Muller L, Chaussain C, Germain S. Priming Dental Pulp Stem Cells With Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Increases Angiogenesis of Implanted Tissue-Engineered Constructs Through Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:392-404. [PMID: 26798059 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies based on implanting cellularized biomaterials are promising therapeutic approaches for the reconstruction of large tissue defects. A major hurdle for the reliable establishment of such therapeutic approaches is the lack of rapid blood perfusion of the tissue construct to provide oxygen and nutrients. Numerous sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) displaying angiogenic potential have been characterized in the past years, including the adult dental pulp. Establishment of efficient strategies for improving angiogenesis in tissue constructs is nevertheless still an important challenge. Hypoxia was proposed as a priming treatment owing to its capacity to enhance the angiogenic potential of stem cells through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. The present study aimed to characterize additional key factors regulating the angiogenic capacity of such MSCs, namely, dental pulp stem cells derived from deciduous teeth (SHED). We identified fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) as a potent inducer of the release of VEGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by SHED. We found that FGF-2 limited hypoxia-induced downregulation of HGF release. Using three-dimensional culture models of angiogenesis, we demonstrated that VEGF and HGF were both responsible for the high angiogenic potential of SHED through direct targeting of endothelial cells. In addition, FGF-2 treatment increased the fraction of Stro-1+/CD146+ progenitor cells. We then applied in vitro FGF-2 priming to SHED before encapsulation in hydrogels and in vivo subcutaneous implantation. Our results showed that FGF-2 priming is more efficient than hypoxia at increasing SHED-induced vascularization compared with nonprimed controls. Altogether, these data demonstrate that FGF-2 priming enhances the angiogenic potential of SHED through the secretion of both HGF and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gorin
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Département d'Odontologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires PNVS, Paris, France
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Rumeyza Bascetin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Hanru Ying
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Nathan Beckouche
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Anita Novais
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Matthieu Lesage
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Hosten
- INSERM UMR-S1144, Université Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital St. Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vercellino
- Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Hôpital St. Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Merlet
- Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Hôpital St. Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Le-Denmat
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Carmen Marchiol
- Institut Cochin, Plateforme Imagerie du vivant, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling, Paris, France
| | - Sibylle Opsahl Vital
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Département d'Odontologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires PNVS, Paris, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Département d'Odontologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires PNVS, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Département d'Odontologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires PNVS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France Inserm U1050, Paris, France CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
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Demirci S, Doğan A, Şahin F. Dental Stem Cells vs. Other Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Pluripotency and Role in Regenerative Medicine. DENTAL STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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81
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Cryopreservation and Banking of Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:199-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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82
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Bakopoulou A, Kritis A, Andreadis D, Papachristou E, Leyhausen G, Koidis P, Geurtsen W, Tsiftsoglou A. Angiogenic Potential and Secretome of Human Apical Papilla Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Various Stress Microenvironments. Stem Cells Dev 2015. [PMID: 26203919 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) of human adult teeth are considered an accessible source of cells with angiogenic properties. The aims of this study were to investigate the endothelial transdifferentiation of SCAP, the secretion of pro- and antiangiogenic factors from SCAP, and the paracrine effects of SCAP when exposed to environmental stress to stimulate tissue damage. SCAP were exposed to serum deprivation (SD), glucose deprivation (GD), and oxygen deprivation/hypoxia (OD) conditions, individually or in combination. Endothelial transdifferentiation was evaluated by in vitro capillary-like formation assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and flow cytometric analyses of angiogenesis-related markers; secretome by antibody arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); and paracrine impact on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by in vitro transwell migration and capillary-like formation assays. The short-term exposure of SCAP to glucose/oxygen deprivation (GOD) in the presence, but mainly in deprivation, of serum (SGOD) elicited a proangiogenesis effect indicated by expression of angiogenesis-related genes involved in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR and angiopoietins/Tie pathways. This effect was unachievable under SD in normoxia, suggesting that the critical microenvironmental condition inducing rapid endothelial shift of SCAP is the combination of SGOD. Interestingly, SCAP showed high adaptability to these adverse conditions, retaining cell viability and acquiring a capillary-forming phenotype. SCAP secreted higher numbers and amounts of pro- (angiogenin, IGFBP-3, VEGF) and lower amounts of antiangiogenic factors (serpin-E1, TIMP-1, TSP-1) under SGOD compared with SOD or SD alone. Finally, secretome obtained under SGOD was most effective in inducing migration and capillary-like formation by HUVECs. These data provide new evidence on the microenvironmental factors favoring endothelial transdifferentiation of SCAP, uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate. They also validate the angiogenic properties of their secretome giving insights into preconditioning strategies enhancing their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bakopoulou
- 1 Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece .,2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH) , Hannover, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- 4 Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- 1 Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriele Leyhausen
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH) , Hannover, Germany
| | - Petros Koidis
- 1 Department of Fixed Prosthesis and Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School (MHH) , Hannover, Germany
| | - Asterios Tsiftsoglou
- 5 Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.) , Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pisciotta A, Riccio M, Carnevale G, Lu A, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, La Sala GB, Bruzzesi G, Ferrari A, Huard J, De Pol A. Stem cells isolated from human dental pulp and amniotic fluid improve skeletal muscle histopathology in mdx/SCID mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:156. [PMID: 26316011 PMCID: PMC4552417 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a lack of the functional structural protein dystrophin, leads to severe muscle degeneration where the patients are typically wheelchair-bound and die in their mid-twenties from cardiac or respiratory failure or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) to differentiate toward a skeletal myogenic lineage using several different protocols in order to determine the optimal conditions for achieving myogenic commitment and to subsequently evaluate their contribution in the improvement of the pathological features associated with dystrophic skeletal muscle when intramuscularly injected into mdx/SCID mice, an immune-compromised animal model of DMD. METHODS Human DPSCs and AFSCs were differentiated toward myogenic lineage in vitro through the direct co-culture with a myogenic cell line (C2C12 cells) and through a preliminary demethylation treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), respectively. The commitment and differentiation of both hDPSCs and hAFSCs were evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Subsequently, hDPSCs and hAFSCs, preliminarily demethylated and pre-differentiated toward a myogenic lineage for 2 weeks, were injected into the dystrophic gastrocnemius muscles of mdx/SCID mice. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the gastrocnemius muscles were taken for immunofluorescence and histological analyses. RESULTS Both populations of cells engrafted within the host muscle of mdx/SCID mice and through a paracrine effect promoted angiogenesis and reduced fibrosis, which eventually led to an improvement of the histopathology of the dystrophic muscle. CONCLUSION This study shows that hAFSCs and hDPSCs represent potential sources of stem cells for translational strategies to improve the histopathology and potentially alleviate the muscle weakness in patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Riccio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Bruzzesi
- Oro-Maxillo-Facial Department, AUSL Baggiovara, via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Baggiovara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Children Rehabilitation Special Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
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84
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Gładysz D, Hozyasz KK. Stem cell regenerative therapy in alveolar cleft reconstruction. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1517-32. [PMID: 26263541 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a successful and well-functioning reconstruction of craniofacial deformities still remains a challenge. As for now, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for alveolar cleft reconstruction. However, its aesthetic and functional results often remain unsatisfactory, which carries a long-term psychosocial and medical sequelae. Therefore, searching for novel therapeutic approaches is strongly indicated. With the recent advances in stem cell research, cell-based tissue engineering strategies move from the bench to the patients' bedside. Successful stem cell engineering employs a carefully selected stem cell source, a biodegradable scaffold with osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, as well as an addition of growth factors or cytokines to enhance osteogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell tissue engineering, discusses animal models and case reports of stem cell enhanced bone regeneration, as well as ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Gładysz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil K Hozyasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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85
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Sowmya S, Chennazhi KP, Arzate H, Jayachandran P, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Periodontal Specific Differentiation of Dental Follicle Stem Cells into Osteoblast, Fibroblast, and Cementoblast. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1044-58. [PMID: 25962715 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dental follicle is a source of dental follicle stem cells (DFCs), which have the potential to differentiate into the periodontal lineage. DFCs therefore are of value in dental tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth factor type and concentration on DFC differentiation into periodontal specific lineages. DFCs were isolated from the human dental follicle and characterized for the expression of mesenchymal markers. The cells were positive for CD-73, CD-44, and CD-90; and negative for CD-33, CD-34, and CD-45. The expression of CD-29 and CD-31 was almost negligible. The cells also expressed periodontal ligament and cementum markers such as periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 (PLAP-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1), however, the expression of osteoblast markers was absent. Further, the DFCs were cultured in three different induction medium to analyze the osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and cementoblastic differentiation. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin staining, calcium quantification, collagen type-1 (Col-1), and osteopontin (OPN) expression confirmed the osteoblastic differentiation of DFCs. DFCs cultured in recombinant human FGF-2 (rhFGF-2) containing medium showed enhanced PLAP-1, FGF-2, and COL-1 expression with increasing concentration of rhFGF-2 which thereby confirmed periodontal ligament fibroblastic differentiation. Similarly, DFCs cultured in recombinant human cementum protein-1 (rhCEMP-1) containing medium showed enhanced bone sialoprotein-2 (BSP-2), CEMP-1, and COL-1 expression with respect to rhCEMP-1 which confirmed cementoblastic differentiation. The expression of osteoblast, fibroblast, and cementoblast-related genes of DFCs cultured in induction medium was enhanced in comparison to DFCs cultured in noninduction medium. Thus, growth factor-dependent differentiation of DFCs into periodontal specific lineages was proved by quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sowmya
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - K P Chennazhi
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - Higinio Arzate
- 2 Laboratorio de Biologia Periodontal, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mexico , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P Jayachandran
- 3 Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- 1 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University , Kochi, India
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86
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Role of angiogenesis in endodontics: contributions of stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2015; 41:797-803. [PMID: 25649306 PMCID: PMC5223201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed. METHODS A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed. RESULTS Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | | | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Hilkens P, Meschi N, Lambrechts P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. Dental Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Near Future or Long Road Ahead? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1610-22. [PMID: 25869156 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative endodontic procedures have yielded an impressive body of favorable outcomes, the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in particular remains to be a challenge. Recent advances in dental stem cell (DSC) research have gained increasing insight in their regenerative potential and prospective use in the formation of viable dental tissues. Numerous studies have already reported successful dental pulp regeneration following application of dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, or dental follicle precursor cells in different in vivo models. Next to responsive cells, dental tissue engineering also requires the support of an appropriate scaffold material, ranging from naturally occurring polymers to treated dentin matrix components. However, the routine use and banking of DSCs still holds some major challenges, such as culture-associated differences, patient-related variability, and the effects of culture medium additives. Only in-depth evaluation of these problems and the implementation of standardized models and protocols will effectively lead to better alternatives for patients who no longer benefit from current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hilkens
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
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