51
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Ma X, Wu L, Li W, Du M, Ji H, Qin G. LDOC1 is differentially expressed in thyroid cancer and display tumor-suppressive function in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:985-997. [PMID: 31889386 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) has been proposed as a regulator of transcription and cell signaling. We have previously demonstrated that LDOC1 is differentially expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), this study was designed to characterize LDOC1 expression in thyroid follicle originated cancer tissues and to specifically evaluate its function in thyroid carcinogenesis. LDOC1 expression was performed in human normal thyroid and thyroid cancer. LDOC1 function was characterized, in two PTC cell lines (TPC1 and BCPAP), through the analysis of in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion along with in vivo tumor xenograft growth. Transduced BCPAP cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α, and the levels of nuclear P65, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc, and XIAP were assessed. A luciferase reporter assay was used to measure nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, and the functional connection between LDOC1 effect and NF-κB activity was determined using a specific NF-κB inhibitor. Our results revealed that LDOC1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in human thyroid cancer, and was significantly downregulated in PTC compared with normal thyroid. LDOC1 overexpression in TPC1 resulted in a significant suppression of the malignant phenotype, whereas LDOC1 ablation in BCPAP promoted this phenotype. Additional studies demonstrated that LDOC1 ablation facilitated nuclear P65 expression and NF-κB activity. NF-κB inhibition reversed the effects of LDOC1 ablation on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Our findings confirmed that LDOC1 is a novel therapeutic target in PTC and provides new insight into the role of LDOC1 in PTC progression, through NF-κΒ signaling suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
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52
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Luo Y, Li M, Pratap UP, Viswanadhapalli S, Liu J, Venkata PP, Altwegg KA, Palacios BE, Li X, Chen Y, Rao MK, Brenner AJ, Sareddy GR, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 signaling contributes to medulloblastoma progression by regulating the NF-κB pathway. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:281-292. [PMID: 31872914 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common and deadliest brain tumor in children. Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding protein and its oncogenic signaling is implicated in the progression of several cancers. However, the role of PELP1 in the progression of MB remains unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the role of PELP1 in the progression of MB. Immunohistochemical analysis of MB tissue microarrays revealed that PELP1 is overexpressed in the MB specimens compared to normal brain. Knockdown of PELP1 reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion of MB cell lines. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that PELP1 knockdown significantly downregulated the pathways related to inflammation and extracellular matrix. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that the PELP1-regulated genes were negatively correlated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis gene sets. Interestingly, PELP1 knockdown reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes, NF-κB reporter activity, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65. Importantly, the knockdown of PELP1 significantly reduced in vivo MB progression in orthotopic models and improved the overall mice survival. Collectively, these results suggest that PELP1 could be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Prabhakar P Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, Cancer Development and Progression Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bridgitte E Palacios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Mays Cancer Center, Cancer Development and Progression Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, Cancer Development and Progression Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, Cancer Development and Progression Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, Cancer Development and Progression Program, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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53
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Liu W, Hou C, Li J, Ma X, Zhang Y, Hu M, Huang Y. Discovery of talmapimod analogues as polypharmacological anti-inflammatory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:187-198. [PMID: 31752552 PMCID: PMC6882468 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1693703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty novel talmapimod analogues were designed, synthesised and evaluated for the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Among them, compound 6n, the most potent one, was selected for exploring the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory efficacy. In RAW264.7 cells, it effectively suppressed lipopolysaccharides-induced (LPS-induced) expressions of iNOS and COX-2. As illustrated by the western blot analysis, 6n downregulated both the NF-κB signalling and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Further enzymatic assay identified 6n as a potent inhibitor against both p38α MAPK (IC50=1.95 µM) and COX-2 (IC50=0.036 µM). By virtue of the concomitant inhibition of p38α MAPK, its upstream effector, and COX-2, along with its capability to downregulate NF-κB and MAPK-signalling pathways, 6n, a polypharmacological anti-inflammatory agent, deserves further development as a novel anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Caiyun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengqi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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55
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da Cunha BR, Domingos C, Stefanini ACB, Henrique T, Polachini GM, Castelo-Branco P, Tajara EH. Cellular Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Secretome. J Cancer 2019; 10:4574-4587. [PMID: 31528221 PMCID: PMC6746126 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, it has become evident that cancer initiation and progression depends on several components of the tumor microenvironment, including inflammatory and immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and extracellular matrix. These components of the tumor microenvironment and the neoplastic cells interact with each other providing pro and antitumor signals. The tumor-stroma communication occurs directly between cells or via a variety of molecules secreted, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and microRNAs. This secretome, which derives not only from tumor cells but also from cancer-associated stromal cells, is an important source of key regulators of the tumorigenic process. Their screening and characterization could provide useful biomarkers to improve cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Domingos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mussi Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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56
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Hadler-Olsen E, Wirsing AM. Tissue-infiltrating immune cells as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:714-727. [PMID: 30808992 PMCID: PMC6461751 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various immune cells have been suggested as prognostic markers for cancer patients. In this article, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the prognostic value of tissue-infiltrating immune cells in oral cancer and discuss the reporting quality of these studies. Methods We performed a systematic literature search and included studies using immunohistochemistry and survival analysis to assess the prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells and natural killer cells in oral cancer. We performed meta-analysis of studies providing necessary statistical data and investigated the studies’ adherence to the REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK) guidelines. Results Of the 1960 articles identified, 33 were eligible for this systematic review and 8 were included in the meta-analysis. CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD57+ natural killer cells were the most promising predictors of survival in oral cancer patients. Many studies lacked important information on their design and conduct. Conclusion Deficiencies in the reporting of study design and conduct make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about the suggested markers. The prognostic value of CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD57+ natural killer cells should be validated in large, standardised studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anna Maria Wirsing
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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57
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Capalbo C, Belardinilli F, Raimondo D, Milanetti E, Malapelle U, Pisapia P, Magri V, Prete A, Pecorari S, Colella M, Coppa A, Bonfiglio C, Nicolussi A, Valentini V, Tessitore A, Cardinali B, Petroni M, Infante P, Santoni M, Filetti M, Colicchia V, Paci P, Mezi S, Longo F, Cortesi E, Marchetti P, Troncone G, Bellavia D, Canettieri G, Giannini G. A Simplified Genomic Profiling Approach Predicts Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020147. [PMID: 30691222 PMCID: PMC6406354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to the first-line conventional combination therapy is highly variable, reflecting the elevated heterogeneity of the disease. The genetic alterations underlying this heterogeneity have been thoroughly characterized through omic approaches requiring elevated efforts and costs. In order to translate the knowledge of CRC molecular heterogeneity into a practical clinical approach, we utilized a simplified Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based platform to screen a cohort of 77 patients treated with first-line conventional therapy. Samples were sequenced using a panel of hotspots and targeted regions of 22 genes commonly involved in CRC. This revealed 51 patients carrying actionable gene mutations, 22 of which carried druggable alterations. These mutations were frequently associated with additional genetic alterations. To take into account this molecular complexity and assisted by an unbiased bioinformatic analysis, we defined three subgroups of patients carrying distinct molecular patterns. We demonstrated these three molecular subgroups are associated with a different response to first-line conventional combination therapies. The best outcome was achieved in patients exclusively carrying mutations on TP53 and/or RAS genes. By contrast, in patients carrying mutations in any of the other genes, alone or associated with mutations of TP53/RAS, the expected response is much worse compared to patients with exclusive TP53/RAS mutations. Additionally, our data indicate that the standard approach has limited efficacy in patients without any mutations in the genes included in the panel. In conclusion, we identified a reliable and easy-to-use approach for a simplified molecular-based stratification of mCRC patients that predicts the efficacy of the first-line conventional combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology Sant' Andrea Hospital, I-00189 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Magri
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Prete
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pecorari
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Arianna Nicolussi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62012 Macerata, Italy.
| | - Marco Filetti
- Department of Medical Oncology Sant' Andrea Hospital, I-00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Longo
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological Oncological and Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Medical Oncology Sant' Andrea Hospital, I-00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Collignon E, Canale A, Al Wardi C, Bizet M, Calonne E, Dedeurwaerder S, Garaud S, Naveaux C, Barham W, Wilson A, Bouchat S, Hubert P, Van Lint C, Yull F, Sotiriou C, Willard-Gallo K, Noel A, Fuks F. Immunity drives TET1 regulation in cancer through NF-κB. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap7309. [PMID: 29938218 PMCID: PMC6010319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TET1, TET2, and TET3), which induce DNA demethylation and gene regulation by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), are often down-regulated in cancer. We uncover, in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), genome-wide 5hmC changes related to TET1 regulation. We further demonstrate that TET1 repression is associated with high expression of immune markers and high infiltration by immune cells. We identify in BLBC tissues an anticorrelation between TET1 expression and the major immunoregulator family nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In vitro and in mice, TET1 is down-regulated in breast cancer cells upon NF-κB activation through binding of p65 to its consensus sequence in the TET1 promoter. We lastly show that these findings extend to other cancer types, including melanoma, lung, and thyroid cancers. Together, our data suggest a novel mode of regulation for TET1 in cancer and highlight a new paradigm in which the immune system can influence cancer cell epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Collignon
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Canale
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clémence Al Wardi
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Calonne
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dedeurwaerder
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Naveaux
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sophie Bouchat
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology, U-CRC, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology, U-CRC, ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fiona Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)–Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles)–Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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Toutfaire M, Dumortier E, Fattaccioli A, Van Steenbrugge M, Proby CM, Debacq-Chainiaux F. Unraveling the interplay between senescent dermal fibroblasts and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines at different stages of tumorigenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:113-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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60
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Xia L, Tan S, Zhou Y, Lin J, Wang H, Oyang L, Tian Y, Liu L, Su M, Wang H, Cao D, Liao Q. Role of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2063-2073. [PMID: 29695914 PMCID: PMC5905465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of cells that malignantly grow and proliferate uncontrollably. At present, treatment modes for cancer mainly comprise surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the curative effects of these treatments have been limited thus far by specific characteristics of tumors. Abnormal activation of signaling pathways is involved in tumor pathogenesis and plays critical roles in growth, progression, and relapse of cancers. Targeted therapies against effectors in oncogenic signaling have improved the outcomes of cancer patients. NFκB is an important signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis and treatment of cancers. Excessive activation of the NFκB-signaling pathway has been documented in various tumor tissues, and studies on this signaling pathway for targeted cancer therapy have become a hot topic. In this review, we update current understanding of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment Transformation: The Mechanism of Radioresistant Gastric Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5801209. [PMID: 29770167 PMCID: PMC5892229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5801209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the primary causes responsible for therapeutic failure and recurrence of cancer. It is well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the initiation and development of gastric cancer (GC), and the levels of ROS are significantly increased in patients with GC accompanied with abnormal expressions of multiple inflammatory factors. It is also well documented that ROS can activate cancer cells and inflammatory cells, stimulating the release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, which subsequently mediates the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance as well as renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ultimately resulting in radioresistance and recurrence of GC.
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Hints on ATGL implications in cancer: beyond bioenergetic clues. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 29472527 PMCID: PMC5833653 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among metabolic rearrangements occurring in cancer cells, lipid metabolism alteration has become a hallmark, aimed at sustaining accelerated proliferation. In particular, fatty acids (FAs) are dramatically required by cancer cells as signalling molecules and membrane building blocks, beyond bioenergetics. Along with de novo biosynthesis, free FAs derive from dietary sources or from intracellular lipid droplets, which represent the storage of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, catalysing the first step of intracellular TAGs hydrolysis in several tissues. However, the roles of ATGL in cancer are still neglected though a putative tumour suppressor function of ATGL has been envisaged, as its expression is frequently reduced in different human cancers (e.g., lung, muscle, and pancreas). In this review, we will introduce lipid metabolism focusing on ATGL functions and regulation in normal cell physiology providing also speculative perspectives on potential non-energetic functions of ATGL in cancer. In particular, we will discuss how ATGL is implicated, mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) signalling, in inflammation, redox homoeostasis and autophagy, which are well-known processes deregulated during cancer formation and/or progression.
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G, Le Page A, Frost EH, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM, Franceschi C. Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2018; 8:1960. [PMID: 29375577 PMCID: PMC5767595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is the most important protective physiological system of the organism. It has many connections with other systems and is, in fact, often considered as part of the larger neuro-endocrine-immune axis. Most experimental data on immune changes with aging show a decline in many immune parameters when compared to young healthy subjects. The bulk of these changes is termed immunosenescence. Immunosenescence has been considered for some time as detrimental because it often leads to subclinical accumulation of pro-inflammatory factors and inflamm-aging. Together, immunosenescence and inflamm-aging are suggested to stand at the origin of most of the diseases of the elderly, such as infections, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, an increasing number of immune-gerontologists have challenged this negative interpretation of immunosenescence with respect to its significance in aging-related alterations of the immune system. If one considers these changes from an evolutionary perspective, they can be viewed preferably as adaptive or remodeling rather than solely detrimental. Whereas it is conceivable that global immune changes may lead to various diseases, it is also obvious that these changes may be needed for extended survival/longevity. Recent cumulative data suggest that, without the existence of the immunosenescence/inflamm-aging duo (representing two sides of the same phenomenon), human longevity would be greatly shortened. This review summarizes recent data on the dynamic reassessment of immune changes with aging. Accordingly, attempts to intervene on the aging immune system by targeting its rejuvenation, it may be more suitable to aim to maintain general homeostasis and function by appropriately improving immune-inflammatory-functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H. Frost
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Italian National Research Center on Aging, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ji N, Lou H, Gong X, Fu T, Ni S. Treatment with 3-Bromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Improves Cardiac Function by Inhibiting Macrophage Infiltration in Mice. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:933-943. [PMID: 30238711 PMCID: PMC6158451 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Appropriate inflammatory response is necessary for cardiac repairing after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Three-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) is a potent antioxidant and natural bromophenol compound derived from red algae. Although BDB has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, it remains unclear whether BDB affects cardiac remolding after MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of BDB on cardiac function recovery after MI in mice. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected with BDB (100 mg/kg) or vehicle control respectively 1 hour before MI and then treated every other day. Cardiac function was monitored by transthoracic echocardiography at day 7 after MI. The survival of mice was observed for 2 weeks and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine the infarct size. Macrophages infiltration was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the production of cytokines associated with macrophages. The phosphorylation status of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was determined by western blot. Results BDB administration dramatically improved cardiac function recovery, and decreased mortality and infarcted size after MI. Treatment with BDB reduced CD68+ macrophages, M1 and M2 macrophages infiltration post-MI, and suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and IL-6 in the injured hearts. Furthermore, BDB inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB in the infarcted hearts. Conclusions These data demonstrate, for the first time, that BDB treatment facilitated cardiac healing by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and indicate that BDB may serve as a therapeutic agent for acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Central Hospital), Yiwu, China
| | - Honghong Lou
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Central Hospital), Yiwu, China
| | - Xinyan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Central Hospital), Yiwu, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Central Hospital), Yiwu, China
| | - Shimao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yiwu Central Hospital), Yiwu, China.
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Modulation of the Senescence-Associated Inflammatory Phenotype in Human Fibroblasts by Olive Phenols. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112275. [PMID: 29084133 PMCID: PMC5713245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells display an increase in the secretion of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, termed the "senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype" (SASP), playing a major role in many age-related diseases. The phenolic compounds present in extra-virgin olive oil are inhibitors of oxidative damage and have been reported to play a protective role in inflammation-related diseases. Particularly, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein are the most abundant and more extensively studied. Pre-senescent human lung (MRC5) and neonatal human dermal (NHDF) fibroblasts were used as cellular model to evaluate the effect of chronic (4-6 weeks) treatment with 1 μM hydroxytyrosol (HT) or 10 μM oleuropein aglycone (OLE) on senescence/inflammation markers. Both phenols were effective in reducing β-galactosidase-positive cell number and p16 protein expression. In addition, senescence/inflammation markers such as IL-6 and metalloprotease secretion, and Ciclooxigenase type 2 (COX-2) and α-smooth-actin levels were reduced by phenol treatments. In NHDF, COX-2 expression, Nuclear Factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) protein level and nuclear localization were augmented with culture senescence and decreased by OLE and HT treatment. Furthermore, the inflammatory effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) exposure was almost completely abolished in OLE- and HT-pre-treated NHDF. Thus, the modulation of the senescence-associated inflammatory phenotype might be an important mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of olive oil phenols.
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Kobayashi K, Hiramatsu H, Nakamura S, Kobayashi K, Haraguchi T, Iba H. Tumor suppression via inhibition of SWI/SNF complex-dependent NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11772. [PMID: 28924147 PMCID: PMC5603518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is constitutively activated in many epithelial tumors but few NF-κB inhibitors are suitable for cancer therapy because of its broad biological effects. We previously reported that the d4-family proteins (DPF1, DPF2, DPF3a/b) function as adaptor proteins linking NF-κB with the SWI/SNF complex. Here, using epithelial tumor cell lines, A549 and HeLaS3, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of the highly-conserved N-terminal 84-amino acid region (designated "CT1") of either DPF2 or DPF3a/b has stronger inhibitory effects on anchorage-independent growth than the single knockdown of any d4-family protein. This indicates that CT1 can function as an efficient dominant-negative mutant of the entire d4-family proteins. By in situ proximity ligation assay, CT1 was found to retain full adaptor function, indicating that the C-terminal region of d4-family proteins lacking in CT1 would include essential domains for SWI/SNF-dependent NF-κB activation. Microarray analysis revealed that CT1 suppresses only a portion of the NF-κB target genes, including representative SWI/SNF-dependent genes. Among these genes, IL6 was shown to strongly contribute to anchorage-independent growth. Finally, exogenous CT1 expression efficiently suppressed tumor formation in a mouse xenograft model, suggesting that the d4-family proteins are promising cancer therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of RNA Therapy, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hiramatsu
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of RNA Therapy, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kyousuke Kobayashi
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Division of RNA Therapy, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Hideo Iba
- Division of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,Division of RNA Therapy, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Donadelli
- University of Verona, Dept. of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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