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Mihai R. Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of adrenocortical cancer. Br J Surg 2015; 102:291-306. [PMID: 25689291 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease and raise difficult management challenges. METHODS All references identified in PubMed, published between 2004 and 2014, using the keywords 'adrenocortical cancer' or 'adrenal surgery' or both, were uploaded into a database. The database was interrogated using keywords specific for each field studied. RESULTS In all, 2049 publications were identified. There is ongoing debate about the feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for small ACCs, and data derived from institutional case series have failed to provide an evidence level above expert opinion. The use of mitotane (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane) in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic disease has been assessed in an international randomized trial (FIRM-ACT trial) involving patients with ACC. Based on this trial, mitotane plus etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin is now the established first-line cytotoxic therapy owing to a higher response rate and longer median progression-free survival than achieved with streptozocin-mitotane. For patients with tumours smaller than 5 cm and with no signs of lymph node or distant metastases, survival is favourable with a median exceeding 10 years. However, the overall 5-year survival rate for all patients with ACC is only 30 per cent. CONCLUSION Open and potentially laparoscopic adrenalectomy for selected patients is the main treatment for non-metastatic ACC, but the overall 5-year survival rate remains low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mihai
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Yan H, Wang W, Dou C, Tian F, Qi S. Securin promotes migration and invasion via matrix metalloproteinases in glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2895-2901. [PMID: 26137166 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human securin, encoded by pituitary tumor transforming gene 1, is implicated in several oncogenic processes in the pathogenesis of brain tumors, including glioma. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of securin on the migration and invasion of glioma cells. The results revealed that the overexpression of securin in glioma LN-229 cells significantly increased the invasion and transmigration abilities. By contrast, these abilities were significantly reduced by the downregulation of securin in glioma U373 cells. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that securin overexpression and downregulation significantly increased and decreased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, respectively. These findings indicate a promotive role for securin in glioma migration and invasion, which may involve the action of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, P.R. China
| | - Changwu Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010051, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Gao KM, Chen XC, Zhang JX, Wang Y, Yan W, You YP. A pseudogene-signature in glioma predicts survival. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:23. [PMID: 25880120 PMCID: PMC4364677 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pseudogene was recognized as a potential tumor suppressor or oncogene in varies of diseases, however its roles in glioma have not been investigated. Our study was to identify the pseudogene-signature that predicted glioma survival. Using a pseudogene-mining approach, we performed pseudogene expression profiling in 183 glioma samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and set it as the training set. We found a six-pseudogene signature correlated with patients' clinical outcome via bioinformatics analyses (P ≤ 0.01), and validated it in the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) containing 350 cases. A formula calculating the risk score based on the six-pseudogene signature was introduced and the patients of CGGA set were classified into high-risk group and low-risk group with remarkably different survival (P < 0.001) based on their scores. The prognostic value of the signature was confirmed in the REMBRANDT set. Though the function of these pseudogenes is not clear, the identification of the prognostic pseudogenes indicated the potential roles of pseudogenes in glioma pathogenesis and they may have clinical implications in treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li WH, Chang L, Xia YX, Wang L, Liu YY, Wang YH, Jiang Z, Xiao J, Wang ZR. Knockdown of PTTG1 inhibits the growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through regulation of TGFB1/SMAD3 signaling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:45-52. [PMID: 25816405 DOI: 10.1177/0306419015572073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is expressed in many tumors and regulates tumor growth and progression. However, the precise function of PTTG1 in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is not defined yet. Here, we examined the expression of PTTG1 in human LAC tissues by immunohistochemical assay using a tissue microarray procedure. A loss-of-function experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of lentiviral vector-mediated PTTG1 shRNA (shPTTG1) on cell growth and invasive potential in LAC cell lines (A549 and LETPα-2), assessed by MTT and Transwell assays. As a consequence, we found that the expression of PTTG1 protein was markedly upregulated in LAC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (54.0% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.008), and was positively associated with the lymphatic invasion of the tumor ( P = 0.01). Moreover, knockdown of PTTG1 expression inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion of LAC cells, companied by the decreased expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-2 and increased expression of p-TGFβ1 and p-SMAD3. Collectively, our findings indicate that high expression of PTTG1 is correlated with the tumor metastasis of LAC patients, and knockdown of PTTG1 suppresses the growth and invasion of LAC cells through upregulation of the TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling, suggesting that PTTG1 may be a potential target for developing an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-H Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-X Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-Y Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Y-H Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - J Xiao
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z-R Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Wei C, Yang X, Xi J, Wu W, Yang Z, Wang W, Tang Z, Ying Q, Zhang Y. High expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:387-391. [PMID: 25798272 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1) is a recently identified oncogene involved in the progression of malignant tumors; however, the expression level of PTTG1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its potential value as a novel prognostic marker for ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, PTTG1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in 44 paired ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Further immunohistochemical analysis was implemented in 192 samples of ccRCC to evaluate the associations between PTTG1 levels and the clinical characteristics in ccRCC. Reverse transcription qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the PTTG1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in ccRCC compared to normal tissues. In addition, the PTTG1 protein level in 192 ccRCC samples was found to be significantly correlated with T stage, N classification, metastasis, recurrence and Fuhrman grade, whereas it was not associated with age and gender. Patients with low PTTG1 levels exhibited a better survival outcome compared to those with a higher PTTG1 level. PTTG1 expression and N stage were identified as independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. The results suggested that the overexpression of PTTG1 indicates a poor prognosis in ccRCC patients and, therefore, PTTG1 may serve as a novel prognostic marker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wei
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Xi
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China ; Pathology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Tang
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China ; Pathology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Quansheng Ying
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China ; Pathology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Departments of Urology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
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