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Schneider C, David E, Toutov AA, Snieckus V. In Situ Anionic Shielding for Regioselective Metalation: Directed peri and Iterative Metalation Routes to Polyfunctionalized 7-Azaindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2722-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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53
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Z. Zard S, Bacqué E, El Qacémi M. A Flexible Convergent Route to Azaoxindoles, Azaindolines, Azaindoles, and Tetrahydroazaquinolones. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Inman M, Carbone A, Moody CJ. Two-Step Route to Indoles and Analogues from Haloarenes: A Variation on the Fischer Indole Synthesis. J Org Chem 2011; 77:1217-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Inman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Anna Carbone
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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55
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Blaazer AR, Lange JH, van der Neut MA, Mulder A, den Boon FS, Werkman TR, Kruse CG, Wadman WJ. Novel indole and azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists: Design, synthesis, structure–activity relationships, physicochemical properties and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5086-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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56
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Zhang WX, Zhang S, Xi Z. Zirconocene and Si-tethered diynes: a happy match directed toward organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:541-51. [PMID: 21612215 DOI: 10.1021/ar200078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing reactive organometallic intermediates is critical for understanding the mechanistic aspects of metal-mediated organic reactions. Moreover, the isolation of reactive organometallic intermediates can often result in the ability to design new synthetic methods. In this Account, we outline synthetic methods that we developed for a variety of diverse Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds and Si/N heteroatom-organic compounds through the detailed study of zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compounds. Two basic components are involved in this chemistry. The first is the Si-tethered diyne, which owes its rich reactive palette to the combination of the Si-C bond and the C≡C triple bond. The second is the low-valent zirconocene species Cp(2)Zr(II), which has proven very useful in organic synthesis. The reaction of these two components affords the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound, which is the key reactive Zr/Si organo-bimetallic intermediate discussed here. We discuss the three types of reactions that have been developed for the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused intermediate. The reaction with nitriles (the C≡N triple bond) is introduced in the first section. In this one-pot reaction, up to four different components can be combined: the Si-tethered diyne can be reacted with three identical nitriles, with differing nitriles, or with a nitrile and other unsaturated organic substrates such as formamides, isocyanides, acid chlorides, aldehydes, carbodiimides, and azides. Several unexpected multiring, fused Zr/Si organo-bimetallic intermediates were isolated and characterized. A wide variety of N-heterocycles, such as 5-azaindole, pyrrole, and pyrroloazepine derivatives, were obtained. We then discuss the reaction with alkynes (the C≡C triple bond). A consecutive skeletal rearrangement, differing from that observed in the reactions with nitriles, takes place in this reaction. Finally, we discuss the reaction with the C═X substrates (where X is O or N), including ketones, aldehydes, and isocyanides. Oxa- and azazirconacycles are formed via a new skeletal rearrangement. Our results show that the zirconocene and the Si-tethered diyne cooperate as a "chemical transformer" after treatment with various substrates, leading to a diverse range of cyclic Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds. This mechanism-derived synthesis of organometallic and organic compounds demonstrates that the investigation of metal-mediated reactions and the isolation of reactive organometallic intermediates not only contribute to the understanding of complex reactions but can also lead to the discovery of synthetically useful methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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57
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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58
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Calvet G, Livecchi M, Schmidt F. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 5-Azaindoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Heteroannulation of Diarylalkynes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4734-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Calvet
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS, UMR 176, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Marion Livecchi
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS, UMR 176, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
- CNRS, UMR 176, 26 rue d′Ulm, Paris F-75248, France
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59
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Garcia P, Evanno Y, George P, Sevrin M, Ricci G, Malacria M, Aubert C, Gandon V. Regioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed Formation of Bicyclic 3- and 4-Aminopyridines. Org Lett 2011; 13:2030-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200417p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Garcia
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Yannick Evanno
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Pascal George
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Mireille Sevrin
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Gino Ricci
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Max Malacria
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Corinne Aubert
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, IPCM 7201, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Sanofi-Aventis, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France, and Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
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60
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Shumaila AM, Puranik VG, Kusurkar RS. Synthesis of tetrahydro-5-azaindoles and 5-azaindoles using Pictet–Spengler reaction—appreciable difference in products using different acid catalysts. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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61
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Zhang S, Zhang WX, Zhao J, Xi Z. One-Pot Selective Syntheses of 5-Azaindoles through Zirconocene-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions with Three Different Nitrile Components and One Alkyne Component. Chemistry 2011; 17:2442-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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62
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Belen’kii L, Gramenitskaya V, Evdokimenkova Y. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part X, 2005–2007. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385464-3.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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63
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64
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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65
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Zhang S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Efficient one-pot synthesis of N-containing heterocycles by multicomponent coupling of silicon-tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides through intramolecular cyclization of iminoacyl-Zr intermediates. Chemistry 2010; 16:8419-26. [PMID: 20544754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient multicomponent synthesis of 5-azaindoles and dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines was achieved by zirconocene-mediated coupling of silicon-tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides. The synthesis, structures, and intramolecular cyclization of mono- and bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates were investigated to elucidate the reaction process. Upon hydrolysis, the isolated mono(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates underwent intramolecular cyclization to afford tetrasubstituted 5-azaindoles, whereas intramolecular cyclization of bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates led to the formation of dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines. The structure of a bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediate, formed through insertion of two molecules of CyNC into the Zr--C bond, and structures of two dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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66
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sidney M. Hecht
- Center for BioEnergetics, The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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67
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Laot Y, Petit L, Zard SZ. Synthesis of Fluoroazaindolines by an Uncommon Radical ipso Substitution of a Carbon−Fluorine Bond. Org Lett 2010; 12:3426-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Laot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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68
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Spergel SH, Okoro DR, Pitts W. One-Pot Synthesis of Azaindoles via Palladium-Catalyzed α-Heteroarylation of Ketone Enolates. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5316-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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69
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Moustafa MMAR, Pagenkopf BL. Synthesis of 5-Azaindoles via a Cycloaddition Reaction between Nitriles and Donor−Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2010; 12:3168-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101078z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian L. Pagenkopf
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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70
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Ghigo G, Cagnina S, Maranzana A, Tonachini G. The mechanism of the Stevens and Sommelet−Hauser Rearrangements. A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3608-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100367z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ghigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, C. so M. d'Azeglio 48, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Cagnina
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, C. so M. d'Azeglio 48, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Maranzana
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, C. so M. d'Azeglio 48, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Glauco Tonachini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, C. so M. d'Azeglio 48, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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71
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Chartoire A, Comoy C, Fort Y. Toolbox for Regioselective Lithiations of Furo[2,3-c]pyridine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2227-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902666w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chartoire
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Comoy
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Fort
- Groupe Synthèse Organométallique et Réactivité, SRSMC, Nancy-Université, CNRS, B.P. 239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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72
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Palladium-catalyzed reductive N-heterocyclization of alkenyl-substituted nitroarenes as a viable method for the preparation of bicyclic pyrrolo-fused heteroaromatic compounds. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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73
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Saab F, Bénéteau V, Schoentgen F, Mérour JY, Routier S. Convenient access to C-2 or C-5 substituted 4-azaindole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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74
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Mukai C, Shaykoon Ahmed Shaykoon M, Inagaki F. A New Entry for Preparation of 2-Substituted Azaindoles. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(s)29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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75
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Whelligan DK, Thomson DW, Taylor D, Hoelder S. Two-Step Synthesis of Aza- and Diazaindoles from Chloroamino-N-heterocycles Using Ethoxyvinylborolane. J Org Chem 2009; 75:11-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Whelligan
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Douglas W. Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Dawn Taylor
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Swen Hoelder
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, U.K
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76
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77
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Zhang S, Sun X, Zhang WX, Xi Z. One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Azaindoles and Pyrroles from One Molecule of a Silicon-Tethered Diyne and Three or Two Molecules of Organonitriles Mediated by Zirconocene. Chemistry 2009; 15:12608-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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78
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Jeanty M, Blu J, Suzenet F, Guillaumet G. Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindoles via the Fischer Reaction. Org Lett 2009; 11:5142-5. [PMID: 19839585 DOI: 10.1021/ol902139r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jeanty
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Jérôme Blu
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR-CNRS 6005, BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
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79
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Palladium-catalysed tandem alkenyl- and aryl-C–N bond formation: a cascade N-annulation route to 1-functionalised 7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Zhang WX, Zhang S, Sun X, Nishiura M, Hou Z, Xi Z. Zirconium- and Silicon-Containing Intermediates with Three Fused Rings in a Zirconocene-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7227-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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81
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Zhang WX, Zhang S, Sun X, Nishiura M, Hou Z, Xi Z. Zirconium- and Silicon-Containing Intermediates with Three Fused Rings in a Zirconocene-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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82
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Song JJ, Tan Z, Reeves JT, Fandrick DR, Lee H, Yee NK, Senanayake CH. One-step construction of 2-substituted-4,6-diazaindoles from carboxylic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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83
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Chapter 5.2: Five-membered ring systems: pyrroles and benzo analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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84
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Chartoire A, Comoy C, Fort Y. Furo[3,2-b]pyridine: a convenient unit for the synthesis of polyheterocycles. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Abstract
Reductive cyclization of epoxides tethered to substituted anilines and aminopyridines in the presence of 3 mol % of titanocene dichloride and stoichiometric manganese metal promotes a radical annulation to form 3,3-disubstituted indolines and azaindolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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86
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Jeanty M, Suzenet F, Guillaumet G. Synthesis of C3-Substituted 4-Azaindoles: An Easy Access to 4-Azamelatonin and Protected 4-Azatryptophan. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7390-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8011623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jeanty
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR-CNRS 6005, Université d’Orléans BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR-CNRS 6005, Université d’Orléans BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR-CNRS 6005, Université d’Orléans BP 6759, rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
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87
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Boisse T, Gautret P, Rigo B, Goossens L, Hénichart JP, Gavara L. A new synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolines by a tandem electrocyclization–oxidation process. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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88
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(08)00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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89
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Mahiout Z, Lomberget T, Goncalves S, Barret R. Solvent-dependent oxidations of 5- and 6-azaindoles to trioxopyrrolopyridines and functionalised azaindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1364-76. [PMID: 18385843 DOI: 10.1039/b719776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of 4,7-dimethoxy 5- and 6-azaindoles 2 has been achieved, based on the appropriate choice of ortho-directing or ortho-repulsing groups in the formylation of a pyridine ring. Studies on the regioselectivity of the formylation step and on the preparation of azidoacrylate intermediates 4 are described in this paper. The reactivity of the 5- and 6-azaindole structures towards BBr3-mediated selective monodemethylation and oxidative demethylation reactions were also investigated. The regioselectivity of the deprotection was confirmed using a chemical approach. Oxidation reactions were then carried out on either dimethoxy- or hydroxymethoxyazaindoles, in different solvents, using [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene. In acetonitrile-water, trioxopyrrolopyridines 12 were obtained, whereas the formation of functionalised azaindoles 17 was observed in acetonitrile-methanol. The tautomeric structure of the trioxopyrrolopyridines was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Mahiout
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France
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90
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)01371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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