51
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Whang M, Kim J. Synthetic hydrogels with stiffness gradients for durotaxis study and tissue engineering scaffolds. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:126-139. [PMID: 30603392 PMCID: PMC6170857 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells along the right direction is of paramount importance in a number of in vivo circumstances such as immune response, embryonic developments, morphogenesis, and healing of wounds and scars. While it has been known for a while that spatial gradients in chemical cues guide the direction of cell migration, the significance of the gradient in mechanical cues, such as stiffness of extracellular matrices (ECMs), in directed migration of cells has only recently emerged. With advances in synthetic chemistry, micro-fabrication techniques, and methods to characterize mechanical properties at a length scale even smaller than a single cell, synthetic ECMs with spatially controlled stiffness have been created with variations in design parameters. Since then, the synthetic ECMs have served as platforms to study the migratory behaviors of cells in the presence of the stiffness gradient of ECM and also as scaffolds for the regeneration of tissues. In this review, we highlight recent studies in cell migration directed by the stiffness gradient, called durotaxis, and discuss the mechanisms of durotaxis. We also summarize general methods and design principles to create synthetic ECMs with the stiffness gradients and, finally, conclude by discussing current limitations and future directions of synthetic ECMs for the study of durotaxis and the scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Whang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwook Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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52
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Navon Y, Bitton R. Elastin-Like Peptides (ELPs) - Building Blocks for Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembled Materials. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Navon
- Chemical Engineering; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Chemical Engineering; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Institution; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel)
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53
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Bennett NK, Dhaliwal A, Moghe PV. Convergence of Highly Resolved and Rapid Screening Platforms with Dynamically Engineered, Cell Phenotype-Prescriptive Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:142-151. [PMID: 27482508 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical cues from the cellular microenvironment initiate intracellular signaling through cellular membrane receptors and trigger specific cell developmental programs. Extracellular substrates and matrix scaffolds engineered to mimic cell's native physiological environment must incorporate the multifactorial parameters (composition, micro and nanoscale organization and topography) of the extracellular matrix as well as the dynamic nature of the matrix. The design of such engineered biomaterials is challenged by the inherent complexity and dynamic nature of the cell-extracellular matrix reciprocity, while the validation of robust microenvironments requires a deeper, higher content phenotypic resolution of cell-matrix interactions alongside a rapid screening capability. To this end, high-throughput platforms are integral to facilitating the screening and optimization of complex engineered microenvironments for directing desired cell developmental pathway. This review highlights the recent advances in biomaterial platforms that present dynamic cues and enable high throughput screening of cell's response to a combination of micro-environmental factors. We also address some newer techniques involving high content image informatics to elucidate emergent cellular behaviors with a focus on stem cell regenerative endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
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54
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Liu Y, Wei J, Lu J, Lei D, Yan S, Li X. Micropatterned coculture of hepatocytes on electrospun fibers as a potential in vitro model for predictive drug metabolism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:475-84. [PMID: 27040241 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the major organ of importance to determine drug dispositions in the body, thus the development of hepatocyte culture systems is of great scientific and practical interests to provide reliable and predictable models for in vitro drug screening. In the current study, to address the challenges of a rapid function loss of primary hepatocytes, the coculture of hepatocytes with fibroblasts and endothelial cells (Hep-Fib-EC) was established on micropatterned fibrous scaffolds. Liver-specific functions, such as the albumin secretion and urea synthesis, were well maintained in the coculture system, accompanied by a rapid formation of multicellular hepatocyte spheroids. The activities of phase I (CYP3A11 and CYP2C9) and phase II enzymes indicated a gradual increase for cocultured hepatocytes, and a maximum level was achieved after 5 days and maintained throughout 15 days of culture. The metabolism testing on model drugs indicated that the scaled clearance rates for hepatocytes in the Hep-Fib-EC coculture system were significantly higher than those of other culture methods, and a linear regression analysis indicated good correlations between the observed data of rats and in vitro predicted values during 15 days of culture. In addition, the enzyme activities and drug clearance rates of hepatocytes in the Hep-Fib-EC coculture model experienced sensitive responsiveness to the inducers and inhibitors of metabolizing enzymes. These results demonstrated the feasibility of micropatterned coculture of hepatocytes as a potential in vitro testing model for the prediction of in vivo drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China; College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, PR China
| | - Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Jinfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Dongmei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Shili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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55
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Cross MC, Toomey RG, Gallant ND. Protein-surface interactions on stimuli-responsive polymeric biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:022002. [PMID: 26942693 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Responsive surfaces: a review of the dependence of protein adsorption on the reversible volume phase transition in stimuli-responsive polymers. Specifically addressed are a widely studied subset: thermoresponsive polymers. Findings are also generalizable to other materials which undergo a similarly reversible volume phase transition. As of 2015, over 100,000 articles have been published on stimuli-responsive polymers and many more on protein-biomaterial interactions. Significantly, fewer than 100 of these have focused specifically on protein interactions with stimuli-responsive polymers. These report a clear trend of increased protein adsorption in the collapsed state compared to the swollen state. This control over protein interactions makes stimuli-responsive polymers highly useful in biomedical applications such as wound repair scaffolds, on-demand drug delivery, and antifouling surfaces. Outstanding questions are whether the protein adsorption is reversible with the volume phase transition and whether there is a time-dependence. A clear understanding of protein interactions with stimuli-responsive polymers will advance theoretical models, experimental results, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cross
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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56
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Spatiotemporal control of cardiac anisotropy using dynamic nanotopographic cues. Biomaterials 2016; 86:1-10. [PMID: 26874887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated extracellular matrix spatiotemporal reorganization helps regulate cellular differentiation, maturation, and function in vivo, and is therefore vital for the correct formation, maintenance, and healing of complex anatomic structures. In order to evaluate the potential for cultured cells to respond to dynamic changes in their in vitro microenvironment, as they do in vivo, the collective behavior of primary cardiac muscle cells cultured on nanofabricated substrates with controllable anisotropic topographies was studied. A thermally induced shape memory polymer (SMP) was employed to assess the effects of a 90° transition in substrate pattern orientation on the contractile direction and structural organization of cardiomyocyte sheets. Cardiomyocyte sheets cultured on SMPs exhibited anisotropic contractions before shape transition. 48 h after heat-induced shape transition, the direction of cardiomyocyte contraction reoriented significantly and exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks at ∼45 and -45° (P < 0.001). Immunocytochemical analysis highlighted the significant structural changes that the cells underwent in response to the shift in underlying topography. The presented results demonstrate that initial anisotropic nanotopographic cues do not permanently determine the organizational fate or contractile properties of cardiomyocytes in culture. Given the importance of surface cues in regulating primary and stem cell development, investigation of such tunable nanotopographies may have important implications for advancing cellular maturation and performance in vitro, as well as improving our understanding of cellular development in response to dynamic biophysical cues.
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57
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Holle AW, Young JL, Spatz JP. In vitro cancer cell-ECM interactions inform in vivo cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:270-9. [PMID: 26485156 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The general progression of cancer drug development involves in vitro testing followed by safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical trials. Due to the expense of bringing candidate drugs to trials, in vitro models of cancer cells and tumor biology are required to screen drugs. There are many examples of drugs exhibiting cytotoxic behavior in cancer cells in vitro but losing efficacy in vivo, and in many cases, this is the result of poorly understood chemoresistant effects conferred by the cancer microenvironment. To address this, improved methods for culturing cancer cells in biomimetic scaffolds have been developed; along the way, a great deal about the nature of cancer cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions has been discovered. These discoveries will continue to be leveraged both in the development of novel drugs targeting these interactions and in the fabrication of biomimetic substrates for efficient cancer drug screening in vitro.
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58
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Wegner SV, Sentürk OI, Spatz JP. Photocleavable linker for the patterning of bioactive molecules. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18309. [PMID: 26670693 PMCID: PMC4680943 DOI: 10.1038/srep18309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of a versatile photocleavable nitrobenzyl linker to micropattern a wide variety of bioactive molecules and photorelease them on demand. On one end, the linker has an NHS group that can be coupled with any amine, such as peptides, proteins or amine-linkers, and on the other end an alkyne for convenient attachment to materials with an azide functional group. This linker was conjugated with NTA-amine or the cell adhesion peptide cRGD to enable straightforward patterning of His6-tagged proteins or cells, respectively, on PEGylated glass surfaces. This approach provides a practical way to control the presentation of a wide variety of bioactive molecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. The extent of photocleavage can also be controlled to tune the biomolecule density and degree of cell attachment to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphine V Wegner
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Institution Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oya I Sentürk
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Institution Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Institution Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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59
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Hepatocyte spheroid culture on fibrous scaffolds with grafted functional ligands as an in vitro model for predicting drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:138-148. [PMID: 26409440 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a biologic substrate for maintaining hepatocyte functions is essential to provide reliable and predictable models for in vitro drug screening. In the current study, a three-dimensional culture of hepatocytes was established on highly porous fibrous scaffolds with grafted galactose and RGD to afford extensive cell-cell and cell-scaffold interactions spatially. The pore size and ligand densities indicated significant effects on the formation of hepatocyte spheroids in balancing the cell retention, adhesion, and migration on fibrous scaffolds. Fibrous scaffolds with an average pore size of 60 μm and surface grafting densities of galactose at 5.9 nmol/cm(2) and RGD at 6.9 pmol/cm(2) provided optimal microenvironments for hepatocyte infiltration and multicellular spheroid formation. Significant promotions were also demonstrated in the syntheses of albumin and urea and the activities of phase I (CYP 3A11 and CYP 2C9) and phase II enzymes. The in vitro metabolism tests on testosterone and acetaminophen by hepatocytes on the optimal scaffolds indicated the predicated clearance rates of 50.7 and 22.6 ml/min/kg, respectively, which were comparable to the in vivo values of rats. The in vitro hepatotoxicity tests on amiodarone hydrochloride and acetaminophen predicted the half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) to reflect the in vivo toxic plasma concentrations in human. In addition, the enzyme activities, predicted clearance rates and hepatotoxicity values of hepatocytes on the optimal scaffolds experienced sensitive responsiveness to specific inducers or inhibitors of CYP 3A11 and phase II enzymes, exhibiting in vivo-in vitro correlations to a certain extent. These results demonstrate the feasibility of hepatocyte spheroid culture on fibrous scaffolds as an potential in vitro testing model to predict the in vivo drug metabolism, hepatotoxicity, and drug-drug interactions.
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60
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Yoon J, Eyster TW, Misra AC, Lahann J. Cardiomyocyte-Driven Actuation in Biohybrid Microcylinders. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4509-4515. [PMID: 26109501 PMCID: PMC4844906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid microcylinders are fabricated using electrohydrodynamic cojetting followed by a surface chemistry approach to maximize cell-adhesive characteristics. As proper cell alignment and mechanical stiffness are important components of bioactuator design, spatial cell selectivity and stress/strain properties of microcylinders are characterized to demonstrate their capability of response to rat cardio-myocyte contraction. These microcylinders can find applications in a host of micromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Yoon
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tom W Eyster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Asish C Misra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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61
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Sokolovskaya E, Rahmani S, Misra AC, Bräse S, Lahann J. Dual-stimuli-responsive microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9744-51. [PMID: 25886692 PMCID: PMC5665401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The need for smart materials in the area of biotechnology has fueled the development of numerous stimuli-responsive polymers. Many of these polymers are responsive to pH, light, temperature, or oxidative stress, and yet very few are responsive toward multiple stimuli. Here we report on the synthesis of a novel dual-stimuli-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer capable of changing its hydrophilic properties upon treatment with UV light (exogenous stimulus) and markers of oxidative stress (endogenous stimulus). From this polymer, smart microparticles and fibers were fabricated and their responses to either stimulus separately and in conjunction were examined. Comparison of the degradation kinetics demonstrated that the polymer became water-soluble only after both oxidation and irradiation with UV light, which resulted in selective degradation of the corresponding particles. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated successful uptake of these particles by Raw 264.7 cells. Such dual-stimuli-responsive particles could have potential applications in drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolovskaya
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sahar Rahmani
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Asish C. Misra
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Süd, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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62
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Dhowre HS, Rajput S, Russell NA, Zelzer M. Responsive cell–material interfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:849-71. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major design aspects for novel biomaterials are driven by the desire to mimic more varied and complex properties of a natural cellular environment with man-made materials. The development of stimulus responsive materials makes considerable contributions to the effort to incorporate dynamic and reversible elements into a biomaterial. This is particularly challenging for cell–material interactions that occur at an interface (biointerfaces); however, the design of responsive biointerfaces also presents opportunities in a variety of applications in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. This review will identify the requirements imposed on a responsive biointerface and use recent examples to demonstrate how some of these requirements have been met. Finally, the next steps in the development of more complex biomaterial interfaces, including multiple stimuli-responsive surfaces, surfaces of 3D objects and interactive biointerfaces will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Dhowre
- University of Nottingham, Neurophotonics Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sunil Rajput
- University of Nottingham, Neurophotonics Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Noah A Russell
- University of Nottingham, Neurophotonics Lab, Faculty of Engineering, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Interface & Surface Analysis Centre, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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63
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Chen D, Hyldahl RD, Hayward RC. Creased hydrogels as active platforms for mechanical deformation of cultured cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1160-7. [PMID: 25563808 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells cultured in vitro using traditional substrates often change their behavior due to the lack of mechanical deformation they would naturally experience in vivo. To mimic the in vivo mechanical environment, we design temperature-responsive hydrogels with patterned surface creases as dynamic cell stretching devices. A one-step photolithographic method is first employed to pattern integrin-binding peptides on the gel, causing single cells or several-cell clusters to adhere to the surface in registry with creases. A variety of crease patterns are prescribed on a single substrate, enabling the mechanical deformation of cultured myoblast cells with different strain states and achieving tensile strain as high as 0.2. As creases provide large amplitude local deformation of the gel surface without the need for macroscopic deformation, can be formed on gels covering a wide range of modulus, and can be actuated using a variety of stimuli, they hold the potential to enable the design of high throughput and versatile platforms for mechano-biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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64
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Kamimura M, Scheideler O, Shimizu Y, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Nakanishi J. Facile preparation of a photoactivatable surface on a 96-well plate: a versatile and multiplex cell migration assay platform. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14159-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoactivatable 96-well plate based on photocleavable PEG and poly-d-lysine serves as a useful high-throughput cell migration assay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kamimura
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Olivia Scheideler
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shimizu
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Kazuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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65
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Wang LM, Chang H, Zhang H, Ren KF, Li H, Hu M, Li BC, Martins MCL, Barbosa MA, Ji J. Dynamic stiffness of polyelectrolyte multilayer films based on disulfide bonds for in situ control of cell adhesion. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7546-7553. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic stiffness of (poly-l-lysine/hyaluronan-SH) films was developed for in situ control of cell adhesion by using reversible disulfide linkages.
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66
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Lithography-free fabrication of reconfigurable substrate topography for contact guidance. Biomaterials 2014; 39:164-72. [PMID: 25468368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells detect and respond to topographical cues presented in natural and synthetic biomaterials both in vivo and in vitro. Micro- and nano-structures influence the adhesion, morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of many phenotypes. Although the mechanisms that underpin cell-topography interactions remain elusive, synthetic substrates with well-defined micro- and nano-structures are important tools to elucidate the origin of these responses. Substrates with reconfigurable topography are desirable because programmable cues can be harmonized with dynamic cellular responses. Here we present a lithography-free fabrication technique that can reversibly present topographical cues using an actuation mechanism that minimizes the confounding effects of applied stimuli. This method utilizes strain-induced buckling instabilities in bilayer substrate materials with rigid uniform silicon oxide membranes that are thermally deposited on elastomeric substrates. The resulting surfaces are capable of reversible of substrates between three distinct states: flat substrates (A = 1.53 ± 0.55 nm; Rms = 0.317 ± 0.048 nm); parallel wavy grating arrays (A∥= 483.6 ± 7.8 nm; λ∥= 4.78 ± 0.16 μm); perpendicular wavy grating arrays (A⊥= 429.3 ± 5.8 nm; λ⊥= 4.95 ± 0.36 μm). The cytoskeleton dynamics of 3T3 fibroblasts in response to these surfaces was measured using optical microscopy. Fibroblasts cultured on dynamic substrates that are switched from flat to topographic features (FLAT-WAVY) exhibit a robust and rapid change in gross morphology as measured by a reduction in circularity from 0.30 ± 0.13 to 0.15 ± 0.08 after 5 min. Conversely, dynamic substrate sequences of FLAT-WAVY-FLAT do not significantly alter the gross steady-state morphology. Taken together, substrates that present topographic structures reversibly can elucidate dynamic aspects of cell-topography interactions.
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67
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Chen M, Li YF, Besenbacher F. Electrospun nanofibers-mediated on-demand drug release. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1721-32. [PMID: 24891134 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A living system has a complex and accurate regulation system with intelligent sensor-processor-effector components to enable the release of vital bioactive substances on demand at a specific site and time. Stimuli-responsive polymers mimic biological systems in a crude way where an external stimulus results in a change in conformation, solubility, or alternation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, and consequently release of a bioactive substance. Electrospinning is a straightforward and robust method to produce nanofibers with the potential to incorporate drugs in a simple, rapid, and reproducible process. This feature article emphasizes an emerging area using an electrospinning technique to generate biomimetic nanofibers as drug delivery devices that are responsive to different stimuli, such as temperature, pH, light, and electric/magnetic field for controlled release of therapeutic substances. Although at its infancy, the mimicry of these stimuli-responsive nanofibers to the function of the living systems includes both the fibrous structural feature and bio-regulation function as an on demand drug release depot. The electrospun nanofibers with extracellular matrix morphology intrinsically guide cellular drug uptake, which will be highly desired to translate the promise of drug delivery for the clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark
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68
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Gong T, Zhao K, Yang G, Li J, Chen H, Chen Y, Zhou S. The control of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation using dynamically tunable surface microgrooves. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1608-19. [PMID: 24648133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the potential to modulate stem cell differentiation by using static material substrate surfaces. However, cells actually grow in a dynamically diverse microenvironment in vivo. The regulated signals to the differentiation provided by these materials should not be passive or static but be active and dynamic. To mimic the endogenous cell culture microenvironment, a novel system is designed to realize the dynamic change of the surface geometries as well as a resultant mechanical force using a thermally activated four-stage shape memory polymer. The parallel microgroove surface patterns are fabricated via thermal embossing lithography on the polymer substrate surface. The dynamic microgroove surfaces accompanying with the mechanical force can effectively and significantly regulate the shape and the cytoskeletal arrangement of rBMSC compared with the static patterned and non-patterned surfaces. Cellular and molecular analyses reveal that the spatiotemporally programmed regulation of cell shape is more viable to coax lineage-specific differentiation of stem cell in contrast to the general reports with the static surfaces. Therefore, this study provides a facile strategy in designing and manufacturing an artificial substrate with a mimic natural cellular environment to precisely direct the cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 China
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69
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Yamamoto H, Demura T, Morita M, Kono S, Sekine K, Shinada T, Nakamura S, Tanii T. In situ modification of cell-culture scaffolds by photocatalytic decomposition of organosilane monolayers. Biofabrication 2014; 6:035021. [PMID: 25100800 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/3/035021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel application of TiO2 photocatalysis for modifying the cell affinity of a scaffold surface in a cell-culture environment. An as-deposited octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer (OTS SAM) on TiO2 was found to be hydrophobic and stably adsorbed serum albumins that blocked subsequent adsorption of other proteins and cells. Upon irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light, OTS molecules were decomposed and became permissive to the adhesion of PC12 cells via adsorption of an extracellular matrix protein, collagen. Optimal UV dose was 200 J cm(-2) for OTS SAM on TiO2. The amount of collagen adsorption decreased when excessive UV light was irradiated, most likely due to the surface being too hydrophilic to support its adsorption. This UV-induced modification required TiO2 to be present under the SAM and hence is a result of TiO2 photocatalysis. The UV irradiation for surface modification can be performed before cell plating or during cell culture. We also demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol) SAM can also be patterned with this method, indicating that it is applicable to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic SAMs. This method provides a unique tool for fabricating cell microarrays and studying dynamical properties of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamamoto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. Nanotechnology Research Center, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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70
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Xu B, Chen D, Hayward RC. Mechanically gated electrical switches by creasing of patterned metal/elastomer bilayer films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4381-4385. [PMID: 24777912 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Xu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, MA, USA; Mechanical Engineering, Smart Materials and Surface Lab, Faculty of Environment and Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
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71
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Macadangdang J, Lee HJ, Carson D, Jiao A, Fugate J, Pabon L, Regnier M, Murry C, Kim DH. Capillary force lithography for cardiac tissue engineering. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24962161 DOI: 10.3791/50039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide(1). Cardiac tissue engineering holds much promise to deliver groundbreaking medical discoveries with the aims of developing functional tissues for cardiac regeneration as well as in vitro screening assays. However, the ability to create high-fidelity models of heart tissue has proven difficult. The heart's extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structure consisting of both biochemical and biomechanical signals ranging from the micro- to the nanometer scale(2). Local mechanical loading conditions and cell-ECM interactions have recently been recognized as vital components in cardiac tissue engineering(3-5). A large portion of the cardiac ECM is composed of aligned collagen fibers with nano-scale diameters that significantly influences tissue architecture and electromechanical coupling(2). Unfortunately, few methods have been able to mimic the organization of ECM fibers down to the nanometer scale. Recent advancements in nanofabrication techniques, however, have enabled the design and fabrication of scalable scaffolds that mimic the in vivo structural and substrate stiffness cues of the ECM in the heart(6-9). Here we present the development of two reproducible, cost-effective, and scalable nanopatterning processes for the functional alignment of cardiac cells using the biocompatible polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)(8) and a polyurethane (PU) based polymer. These anisotropically nanofabricated substrata (ANFS) mimic the underlying ECM of well-organized, aligned tissues and can be used to investigate the role of nanotopography on cell morphology and function(10-14). Using a nanopatterned (NP) silicon master as a template, a polyurethane acrylate (PUA) mold is fabricated. This PUA mold is then used to pattern the PU or PLGA hydrogel via UV-assisted or solvent-mediated capillary force lithography (CFL), respectively(15,16). Briefly, PU or PLGA pre-polymer is drop dispensed onto a glass coverslip and the PUA mold is placed on top. For UV-assisted CFL, the PU is then exposed to UV radiation (λ = 250-400 nm) for curing. For solvent-mediated CFL, the PLGA is embossed using heat (120 °C) and pressure (100 kPa). After curing, the PUA mold is peeled off, leaving behind an ANFS for cell culture. Primary cells, such as neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, as well as human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, can be maintained on the ANFS(2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington
| | - Daniel Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington
| | - Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington
| | - James Fugate
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington;
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72
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Wang N, Zhang J, Sun L, Wang P, Liu W. Gene-modified cell detachment on photoresponsive hydrogels strengthened through hydrogen bonding. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2529-38. [PMID: 24556449 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels are potentially useful as drug delivery and cell culture media, but there has been no report on manipulation of cell attachment/detachment and gene transfection simultaneously on the surface of this single gel. In the present study, strong light sensitive hydrogels were prepared mechanically by photoinitiated copolymerization of spiropyran-containing monomer, 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, hydrogen bonding monomer, oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn=575). The multiple hydrogen bondings of diaminotriazine residues could contribute to the increase in compressive strengths of the photosensitive hydrogels up to 5.1MPa. UV (365nm) irradiation led to detachment of adhered cells as a result of the increased surface hydrophilicity caused by a switch from hydrophobic spiropyran to hydrophilic merocyanine form. Furthermore, selective detachment of cells could also be achieved by UV light illumination on the specified gel surface. Hydrogen bonding between diaminotriazines were shown to tightly anchor the PVDT/pDNA complex particles on the gel surface, where reverse gene transfection was achieved. Following up with UV irradiation triggered the unharmful detachment of gene-modified cells from the gel surface. It is envisioned that this photosensitive hydrogel holds potential as a versatile platform for operating gene delivery and controlled harvest of desired cells for tissue engineering.
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73
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Ebara M, Uto K, Idota N, Hoffman JM, Aoyagi T. The taming of the cell: shape-memory nanopatterns direct cell orientation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:117-26. [PMID: 24872707 PMCID: PMC4024980 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s50677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that the direction of aligned cells on nanopatterns can be tuned to a perpendicular direction without use of any biochemical reagents. This was enabled by shape-memory activation of nanopatterns that transition from a memorized temporal pattern to the original permanent pattern by heating. The thermally induced shape-memory nanopatterns were prepared by chemically crosslinking semi-crystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in a mold to show shape-memory effects over its melting temperature (Tm = 33°C). Permanent surface patterns were first generated by crosslinking the PCL macromonomers in a mold, and temporary surface patterns were then embossed onto the permanent patterns. The temporary surface patterns could be easily triggered to transition quickly to the permanent surface patterns by a 37°C heat treatment, while surface wettability was independent of temperature. To investigate the role of dynamic and reversible surface nanopatterns on cell alignment on the PCL films before and after a topographic transition, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on fibronectin-coated PCL films with a temporary grooved topography (grooves with a height of 300 nm and width of 2 μm were spaced 9 μm apart). Interestingly, cells did not change their direction immediately after the surface transition. However, cell alignment was gradually lost with time, and finally cells realigned parallel to the permanent grooves that emerged. The addition of a cytoskeletal inhibitor prevented realignment. These results clearly indicate that cells can sense dynamic changes in the surrounding environments and spontaneously adapt to a new environment by remodeling their cytoskeleton. These findings will serve as the basis for new development of spatiotemporal tunable materials to direct cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naokazu Idota
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - John M Hoffman
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
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74
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Pan G, Guo B, Ma Y, Cui W, He F, Li B, Yang H, Shea KJ. Dynamic Introduction of Cell Adhesive Factor via Reversible Multicovalent Phenylboronic Acid/cis-Diol Polymeric Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6203-6. [PMID: 24742253 DOI: 10.1021/ja501664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Pan
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Fan He
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Kenneth J. Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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75
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Ninh C, Cramer M, Bettinger CJ. Photoresponsive hydrogel networks using melanin nanoparticle photothermal sensitizers. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:766-74. [PMID: 26828866 PMCID: PMC5877794 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoreconfigurable and photodegradable polymeric networks have broad utility as functional biomaterials for many applications in medicine and biotechnology. The vast majority of these functional polymers are synthesized using chemical moieties that may be cytotoxic in vivo. Materials synthesized from these substituents also pose unknown risk upon implantation and thus will encounter significant regulatory challenges prior to use in vivo. This work describes a strategy to prepare photodegradable hydrogel networks that are composed of well-characterized synthetic polymers and natural melanin pigments found within the human body. Self-assembled networks of poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol) ABA triblock copolymers are doped with melanin nanoparticles to produce reconfigurable networks based on photothermal phase transitions. Self-assembled hydrogel networks with melanin nanoparticles exhibit a storage modulus ranging from 1.5 ± 0.6 kPa to 8.0 ± 7.5 kPa as measured by rheology. The rate of UV-induced photothermal heating was non-monotonic and varied as a function of melanin nanoparticle loading. A maximum steady state temperature increase of 20.5 ± 0.30 °C was measured. Experimental heating rates were in close agreement with predictions based on attenuation of light in melanins via photothermal absorption and Mie scattering. The implications of melanin nanoparticles on hydrogel network formation and light-induced disintegration were also characterized by rheology and dynamic light scattering. Taken together, this class of photoreconfigurable hydrogels represents a potential strategy for photodegradable polymers with increased likelihood for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ninh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Madeline Cramer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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76
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Uto K, Ebara M, Aoyagi T. Temperature-responsive poly(ε-caprolactone) cell culture platform with dynamically tunable nano-roughness and elasticity for control of myoblast morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1511-24. [PMID: 24451135 PMCID: PMC3907883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a dynamic cell culture platform with dynamically tunable nano-roughness and elasticity. Temperature-responsive poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) films were successfully prepared by crosslinking linear and tetra-branched PCL macromonomers. By optimizing the mixing ratios, the crystal-amorphous transition temperature (Tm) of the crosslinked film was adjusted to the biological relevant temperature (~33 °C). While the crosslinked films are relatively stiff (50 MPa) below the Tm, they suddenly become soft (1 MPa) above the Tm. Correspondingly, roughness of the surface was decreased from 63.4–12.4 nm. It is noted that the surface wettability was independent of temperature. To investigate the role of dynamic surface roughness and elasticity on cell adhesion, cells were seeded on PCL films at 32 °C. Interestingly, spread myoblasts on the film became rounded when temperature was suddenly increased to 37 °C, while significant changes in cell morphology were not observed for fibroblasts. These results indicate that cells can sense dynamic changes in the surrounding environment but the sensitivity depends on cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uto
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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77
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Encapsulation of liver microsomes into a thermosensitive hydrogel for characterization of drug metabolism and toxicity. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9770-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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78
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Xu B, Hayward RC. Low-voltage switching of crease patterns on hydrogel surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5555-5559. [PMID: 23878054 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report electrically driven creasing of polyelectrolye hydrogel surfaces with low switching voltages (2-4 V). Deep creases (up to 70% of the swelled film thickness) can be reversibly formed and eliminated on time-scales of a few seconds, with control of crease locations by micro-patterning of underlying electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003 MA, USA
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79
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van de Stolpe A, den Toonder J. Workshop meeting report Organs-on-Chips: human disease models. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3449-70. [PMID: 23645172 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of "Organs-on-Chips" has recently evolved and has been described as 3D (mini-) organs or tissues consisting of multiple and different cell types interacting with each other under closely controlled conditions, grown in a microfluidic chip, and mimicking the complex structures and cellular interactions in and between different cell types and organs in vivo, enabling the real time monitoring of cellular processes. In combination with the emerging iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) field this development offers unprecedented opportunities to develop human in vitro models for healthy and diseased organ tissues, enabling the investigation of fundamental mechanisms in disease development, drug toxicity screening, drug target discovery and drug development, and the replacement of animal testing. Capturing the genetic background of the iPSC donor in the organ or disease model carries the promise to move towards "in vitro clinical trials", reducing costs for drug development and furthering the concept of personalized medicine and companion diagnostics. During the Lorentz workshop (Leiden, September 2012) an international multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the current state of the art, available and emerging technologies, applications and how to proceed in the field. Organ-on-a-chip platform technologies are expected to revolutionize cell biology in general and drug development in particular.
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80
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Weis S, Lee TT, del Campo A, García AJ. Dynamic cell-adhesive microenvironments and their effect on myogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8059-66. [PMID: 23791677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion plays a central role in cell behavior on biomaterial surfaces and influences various cell functions. Photoactivatable RGD adhesive peptides were used to investigate the effect of the density and time point of bioadhesive ligand presentation on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. PEGylated self-assembled monolayers were functionalized with RGD and caged RGD ligands and seeded with C2C12 myoblasts. The cultures were irradiated at various time points between 1 and 48 h after cell seeding in order to increase RGD surface concentration at defined time points. Attachment, spreading and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts strongly varied with the density of RGD at the surface. Proliferation and myogenesis were further regulated by the time point at which RGD was presented to the cell, reaching highest levels when RGD exposure occurred≤6 h after cell seeding. These results provide fundamental insights in cell-biomaterial interactions of C2C12 myoblasts in terms of temporal integrin-mediated cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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81
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Rehmann MS, Kloxin AM. Tunable and dynamic soft materials for three-dimensional cell culture. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:6737-6746. [PMID: 23930136 PMCID: PMC3733394 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm50217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The human body is complex and hierarchically structured, composed of cells residing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues that are assembled into organs, all working together to complete a given function. One goal of current biomaterials research is to capture some of this complexity outside of the body for understanding the underlying biology of development, repair, and disease and to devise new strategies for regenerative medicine or disease treatment. Polymeric materials have arisen as powerful tools to mimic the native ECM, giving experimenters a way to capture key aspects of the native cellular environment outside of the body. In particular, dynamic materials allow changes in the properties of these ECM mimics during an experiment, affording an additional degree of control for the experimenter. In this tutorial review, the basic cellular processes of cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation will be overviewed to motivate design considerations for polymeric ECM mimics, and examples will be given of how classes of dynamic materials are being used to study each cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Rehmann
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA .
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
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82
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Eliyahu-Gross S, Bitton R. Environmentally responsive hydrogels with dynamically tunable properties as extracellular matrix mimetic. REV CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2012-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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83
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84
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Li W, Gong T, Chen H, Wang L, Li J, Zhou S. Tuning surface micropattern features using a shape memory functional polymer. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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