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Berzi A, Ordanini S, Joosten B, Trabattoni D, Cambi A, Bernardi A, Clerici M. Pseudo-Mannosylated DC-SIGN Ligands as Immunomodulants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35373. [PMID: 27734954 PMCID: PMC5062166 DOI: 10.1038/srep35373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin mainly expressed by DCs, mediates antigen uptake and can induce specific immune responses, depending on the ligand involved. Owing to these properties, DC-SIGN is an attracting target for approaches aimed at tailoring the immune response towards specific immunologic outcomes. A multivalent DC-SIGN ligand (Polyman26), containing at its core a fluorescent "rod-like" spacer and able to inhibit DC-SIGN mediated HIV infection in nanomolar concentration, has been recently developed by our group. We investigated the internalization pattern and the ability of Polyman26 to elicit innate immune responses. Results obtained by confocal microscopy indicate that Polyman26 is internalized by DCs via receptor- mediated endocytosis and is then routed to endolysosomal compartments, thus being presented together with MHC class II molecules, with important implications for the development of vaccines. Moreover, Polyman26 up-regulated the production of β-chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα) as well as the expression of TLR9 and CD40L. These results indicate that glycomimetic DC-SIGN ligands should be further investigated and suggest that these compounds could be used to differentially stimulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berzi
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ordanini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 9101 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 9101 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.lli VCervi 93, 20090 Milan, Italy.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
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Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Viral receptors of the gut: vector-borne viruses of medical importance. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 16:44-50. [PMID: 27720049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods transmit several medically important arboviruses that cause diseases in humans. Therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent diseases transmitted by the arthropods are limiting. Understanding the role of arthropod gut receptors in the interactions with various arboviruses would provide important means for the development of a strong anti-vector vaccine. In this review, we summarize some of the potential findings in the field of arthropod gut receptors for tick-borne or mosquito-borne viruses and discuss their relevance in the development of a broad-spectrum transmission-blocking vaccine to treat or control various diseases caused by arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Neelakanta
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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