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Zhang G, Ni C, Ding Y, Zhou H, Caizhi O, Wang Q, Wang J, Cheng J. Effects of Low Moisture Extrusion on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) Starch-Based Polymers. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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He W, Yin M, Yang R, Zhao W. Optimization of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi) bran oil extraction: Variability in fatty acids profile and fatty acid synthase inhibitory activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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53
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Li X, Wang P, Zhu J, Yi J, Ji Z, Kang Q, Hao L, Huang J, Lu J. Comparative study on the bioactive components and in vitro biological activities of three green seedlings. Food Chem 2020; 321:126716. [PMID: 32278985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore functional food ingredients from green seedlings, the bioactive components (phenolic compounds and γ-aminobutyric acid) and antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability and reducing power) of three green seedlings, including coix seed seedling (CSS), highland barely seedling (HBS) and naked oats seedling (NOS) cultivars were respectively measured and deeply compared. Results indicated that CSS showed the highest contents of the total polyphenol (183.35 mg/100 g), total flavonoid (348.68 mg/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (54.17 mg/100 g). As expected, CSS also exerted the highest level of antioxidant activity, followed by HBS and NOS. Moreover, CSS possessed the potential of stimulating immune responses, including promoting proliferation and strengthening phagocytosis function of RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, all results suggested that the three green seedlings, especially CSS could be used as natural ingredients for functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Limin Hao
- The Quartermaster Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Wang H, Ding J, Xiao N, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Insights into the hierarchical structure and digestibility of starch in heat-moisture treated adlay seeds. Food Chem 2020; 318:126489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yin H, Zhong Y, Xia S, Hu J, Nie S, Xiong T, Xie M. Effects of fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU137 on nutritional, sensory and stability properties of Coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) seed. Food Chem 2020; 314:126037. [PMID: 31954941 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU137 on the nutritional, sensory and stability properties of Coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) seed. The nutritional compounds, including free amino acid, free fatty acid, soluble dietary fiber and organic acids of fermented coix seed were significantly (p < 0.05) increased than those of non-fermented coix seed. The fermented coix seed exhibiting a special flavor, due to the production of acids, the decreased level of aldehydes and ketones, and the increased level of alcohols in the volatile compounds, whereas the amount of hazardous substance 2-pentylfuran was reduced and natural antiseptic hexanoic acid was produced. The increased viscosity together with the larger particle size and the reduced absolute ζ potential contribute to the stability of the fermented coix seed paste system. Therefore, fermentation with L. plantarum NCU137 could improve the nutritional, sensory and stability properties of coix seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shengkun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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Chen LC, Kong YP, Zheng Y, Zhang SY, Zhang LY, Wang JY. Preparation of coix seed oil bioactive delivery systems based on homologous polysaccharides and proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:376-383. [PMID: 32084467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural products belonging to a class of generally-recognized-as-safe biomaterials have exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability and can be used as delivery vehicles for a variety of functional foods. Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi), is a nutritious food, rich in various bioactive ingredients. Coix seed oil extract (CSO) is also bioactive but it is sensitive to oxidation. In this study, a bioactive delivery system based on homologous polysaccharides and proteins was developed to deliver coix seed oil. The results show that the CSO nanoparticles have high encapsulation efficiency, narrow particle size distribution, and good stability. Moreover, the fusion of the nanoparticles with the membrane enabled the transport of CSO through the Caco-2 cell monolayer and improved the intestinal permeability. These findings could provide useful information for designing homologous polysaccharide and protein-based delivery systems to increase the bioavailability of lipophilic nutraceuticals in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Kong
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Lin-Yu Zhang
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China
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59
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Wen A, Qin L, Zeng H, Zhu Y. Comprehensive evaluation of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of B. subtilis-fermented polished adlay subjected to different drying methods. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2124-2133. [PMID: 32328279 PMCID: PMC7174208 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of B. subtilis-fermented polished adlay (BPA) subjected to different drying methods (hot-air drying, HAD; infrared-radiation drying, IRD; vacuum drying, VD; microwave-vacuum drying, MVD; and freeze-vacuum drying, FVD) were evaluated in this study. Results showed FVD was ideal for maintaining the natural appearance and higher contents of proximate compositions, free fatty acids, tetramethylpyrazine (6.91 mg/g DW), coixol (0.62 mg/g DW), coixenolide (4.21% DW), coixan (35.10% DW), and triterpenoids (17.41 mg/g DW). The higher contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, stronger antioxidant activity, and higher color differences were observed in HAD and IRD samples. MVD displayed the shorter drying time, higher γ-aminobutyric acid content, and higher retention ratios of tetramethylpyrazine (75.54%), coixol (87.10%), coixenolide (98.57%), and coixan (99.11%). Pearson's correlation coefficient exhibited that the positive correlation between the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and the antioxidant activities of all dried BPA samples was observed (R 2 > 0.881, p < .05). Principal component analysis showed that the top three categories of comprehensive quality were FVD-, MVD-, and VD-treated BPA samples. In conclusion, MVD should be a potential preservation method to obtain high-quality dried BPA for short drying time and high comprehensive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Wen
- College of Life ScienceGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyangChina
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploition of Homology Resources of Medicine and FoodGuiyangChina
| | - Haiying Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyangChina
| | - Yi Zhu
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyangChina
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60
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Coixol Suppresses NF-κB, MAPK Pathways and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040894. [PMID: 32085388 PMCID: PMC7070437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coixol, a plant polyphenol extracted from coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen Stapf), has not been investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cell model, we observed that coixol can effectively reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, but had no effect on the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. Furthermore, we found that coixol inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear transcription factor κ B (NF-κB) pathways, and NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that coixol exerts certain anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro. The mechanism of this effect was in part related to its ability to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, MAPKs pathways, and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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61
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Guo C, Wang Y, Yang A, He J, Xiao C, Lv S, Han F, Yuan Y, Yuan Y, Dong X, Guo J, Yang Y, Liu H, Zuo N, Hu Y, Zhao K, Jiang Z, Wang X, Jiang T, Shen Y, Cao M, Wang Y, Long Z, Rong T, Huang L, Zhou S. The Coix Genome Provides Insights into Panicoideae Evolution and Papery Hull Domestication. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:309-320. [PMID: 31778843 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coix is a grass crop domesticated as early as the Neolithic era. It is still widely cultivated for both highly nutritional food and medicinal use. However, the genetic study and breeding of this crop are hindered by the lack of a sequenced genome. Here, we report de novo sequencing and assembly of the 1619-Mb genome of Coix, and annotation of 75.39% repeats and 39 629 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics analysis showed that Coix is more closely related to sorghum than maize, but intriguingly only Coix and maize had a recent genome duplication event, which was not detected in sorghum. We further constructed a genetic map and mapped several important traits, especially the strength of hull. Selection of papery hull (thin: easy dehulling) from the stony hull (thick: difficult dehulling) in wild progenitors was a key step in Coix domestication. The papery hull makes seed easier to process and germinate. Anatomic and global transcriptome analysis revealed that the papery hull is a result of inhibition of cell division and wall biogenesis. We also successfully demonstrated that seed hull pressure resistance is controlled by two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which are associated with hull thickness and color, respectively. The two QTLs were further fine mapped within intervals of 250 kb and 146 kb, respectively. These resources provide a platform for evolutionary studies and will facilitate molecular breeding of this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shanhua Lv
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fengming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yibing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ningzhi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kangxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Moju Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhaobo Long
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Crop Gene Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Chen LC, Fan ZY, Wang HY, Wen DC, Zhang SY. Effect of polysaccharides from adlay seed on anti-diabetic and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2020; 10:4372-4380. [PMID: 31276140 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This study aims to examine the effects of polysaccharides from adlay seeds (PAS) on hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The administration of PAS in diabetic mice caused a significant decrease in the glucose level and serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Similarly, PAS also showed decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was observed. Unexpectedly, PAS reduced the concentrations of anti-amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) protein. Also, histopathological examination showed that PAS contributed to the reduction of STZ-lesioned pancreatic cells. Metformin treatment significantly reduced the diversity of the gut microbiota, while PAS treatment altered the diversity and composition of the microbiota. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the hypoglycemic effects of PAS in type-2 diabetic mice (T2D) may be associated with the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
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Kang SH, Kim B, Choi BS, Lee HO, Kim NH, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Shin MJ, Kim HW, Nam K, Kang KD, Kwon SJ, Oh TJ, Lee SC, Kim CK. Genome Assembly and Annotation of Soft-Shelled Adlay ( Coix lacryma-jobi Variety ma-yuen), a Cereal and Medicinal Crop in the Poaceae Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32528499 PMCID: PMC7247446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coix lacryma-jobi, also called adlay or Job's tears, is an annual herbal plant belonging to the Poaceae family that has been cultivated as a cereal and medicinal crop in Asia. Despite its importance, however, genomic resources for better understanding this plant species at the molecular level and informing improved breeding strategies remain limited. To address this, we generated a draft genome of the C. lacryma-jobi variety ma-yuen (soft-shelled adlay) Korean cultivar, Johyun, by de novo assembly, using PacBio and Illumina sequencing data. A total of 3,362 scaffold sequences, 1.28 Gb in length, were assembled, representing 82.1% of the estimated genome size (1.56 Gb). Genome completeness was confirmed by the presence of 91.4% of the BUSCO angiosperm genes and mapping ratio of 98.3% of Illumina paired-end reads. We found that approximately 77.0% of the genome is occupied by repeat sequences, most of which are Gypsy and Copia-type retrotransposons, and evidence-based genome annotation predicts 39,574 protein-coding genes, 85.5% of which were functionally annotated. We further predict that soft-shelled adlay diverged from a common ancestor with sorghum 9.0-11.2 MYA. Transcriptome profiling revealed 3,988 genes that are differentially expressed in seeds relative to other tissues, of which 1,470 genes were strongly up-regulated in seeds and the most enriched Gene Ontology terms were assigned to carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In addition, we identified 76 storage protein genes including 18 seed-specific coixin genes and 13 candidate genes involved in biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids (BXs) including coixol, a unique BX compound found in C. lacryma-jobi species. The characterization of those genes can further our understanding of unique traits of soft-shelled adlay, such as high seed protein content and medicinal compound biosynthesis. Taken together, our genome sequence data will provide a valuable resource for molecular breeding and pharmacological study of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Byeollee Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soo-Jin Kwon
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Choon Lee
- Phyzen Co., Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang-Choon Lee,
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
- Chang-Kug Kim,
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Understanding the mechanism of change in morphological structures, visualization features, and physicochemical characteristics of adlay seeds (Coix lacryma-jobi L.): The role of heat soaking. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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65
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Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of Extruded Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L) Flour. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/6239870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of extrusion treatment on the structure and properties of adlay (Job’s tears) were investigated. Adlay flour was extruded through a twin-screw extruder with different parameters, including barrel temperature (80–160°C), moisture content (19–27%), and screw speed (170–330 rpm). The results showed that although the expansion index increased with increasing temperature, an increase in moisture content significantly decreased the EI (p<0.05). Extrusion improved the water solubility index and water absorption index of adlay flour (p<0.05). Furthermore, analysis of the gelating properties revealed that the structure and function of adlay flour had radically changed. After extrusion, the viscosity of the adlay flour decreased (peak viscosity decreased by more than 1000 cP), and its fluidity increased. The rheological data were modeled by the Herschel–Bulkley model. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that extrusion contributed to a decrease in relative crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that extrusion damaged the basic structure of adlay flour, causing holes and pits on the extrudate surface. Compared to the native adlay flour, the extrusion resulted in significantly changing the pasting, gelating, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties of adlay flour. In conclusion, the extrusion can alter adlay characteristics, but it is necessary to choose appropriate conditions to attain the desired properties.
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Ruan JJ, Weng WF, Yan J, Zhou YX, Chen H, Ren MJ, Cheng JP. Coix lacryma-jobi chymotrypsin inhibitor displays antifungal activity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:49-57. [PMID: 31519257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel chymotrypsin inhibitor, named ClCI, was purified from coix seed (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) by aqueous two-phase extraction, chymotrypsin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and centrifugal ultrafiltration. ClCI was a 7.9 kDa competitive inhibitor with pI 6.54. The inhibition constants (Ki) for bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin and bacterial subtilisin were 1.27 × 10-10 M and 1.57 × 10-9 M respectively. ClCI had no inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and porcine elastase. ClCI had wide pH stability and good heat resistance. It can maintain >90% inhibition activity against chymotrypsin at 20-80 °C for 1 h. The primary structure of ClCI was highly similar (57%-92%) to those of several inhibitors belonging to the Gramineae crop potato protease inhibitor- I superfamily and showed the typical sequence motif of the protease inhibitor of the seed storage protein group. ClCI (12.5 mg) inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Mycosphaerella melonis, Helminthosporium turcicum, Alternaria solani, Phytophthora capsici, Isariopsis griseola, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and caused 89% inhibition of the proteases from spore germination of plant-pathogenic fungi. The results of the present study indicate that ClCI had biotechnological potential as an alternative agent to combat the important phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jun Ruan
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Feng Weng
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Yue-Xia Zhou
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Jian Ren
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cheng
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Luo X, Li H, Jiang D, Meng J, Zhang F, Xu Q, Chen X, Liu C, Yang Y. Analysis of Fungi on Coix ( Coix lacryma-jobi) Seed and the Effect of Its Aqueous Extract on the Growth of Aspergillus flavus. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1775-1782. [PMID: 31545107 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Coix (Coix lacryma-jobi) seeds are susceptible to fungal infections, making their surface fungi complex and diverse. Some fungi can produce mycotoxins under suitable conditions, and fungal growth is closely related to the production of mycotoxins. In this study, the surface fungi of coix seed were identified by Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Simultaneously, the fungi cultured by the plate method were identified by microscopy and DNA barcoding; finally, the species of fungi were identified accurately and reliably by combining three methods. The aqueous extract of coix seed was cocultured with Aspergillus flavus spores, and the relationship between the aqueous extract and the growth of A. flavus was studied with the dry weight of mycelium as an indicator. The results showed that there were 89 genera and 96 species of fungi on coix seed, which were mainly distributed in Ascomycota (81.48%) and Basidiomycota (4.08%), and Xeromyces (8.50%), Gibberella (7.25%), and Aspergillus (4.74%) were the predominant genera. Four fungi were isolated from coix seed by plate culture and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, and Rhizopus oryzae by microscopy and DNA barcoding. The aqueous extract of coix seed at low concentrations has a promoting effect on the growth of A. flavus. When the concentration is 3.125%, the promotion effect is the most pronounced, and the promotion rate is 29.17%. These results reveal the diversity of fungi on the coix seed, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of harmful fungi on coix seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Dan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Jieqin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Xiufen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
| | - Yaojun Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-8714 [X.L.])
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68
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Chen LC, Jiang BK, Zheng WH, Zhang SY, Li JJ, Fan ZY. Preparation, characterization and anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides from adlay seed. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:605-613. [PMID: 31381909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L.), commonly known as adlay, is a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. A new water-soluble polysaccharide with anti-diabetic activity was extracted and purified from the adlay seed (PAS). The structure and physicochemical properties of PAS were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural analysis indicated that PAS had a porous surface and relatively loose distribution. After intragastric administered PAS for 4 weeks, biochemical analysis demonstrated dose dependent anti-diabetic activity. These results showed that PAS decreased blood glucose and insulin levels. In addition, mice fed the PAS showed significantly reduced the plasma levels of amyloid β42 and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), while the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was markedly increased. Our study introduced a new polysaccharide PAS with unique anti-diabetic activity, which can be used as a potential dietary supplement or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
| | - Bo-Kai Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem &Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem &Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem &Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jia-Jiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem &Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem &Bio Processing Technology of Agricultural Products, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
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69
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Characterization of Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) starch films incorporated with clove bud essential oil and their antioxidant effects on pork belly during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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70
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Adlay starch-gluten composite gel: Effects of adlay starch on rheological and structural properties of gluten gel to molecular and physico-chemical characteristics. Food Chem 2019; 289:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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71
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72
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Optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of fatty acids from Coix seeds using chemometrics methods. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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73
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Effect of heat processing on the physicochemical properties of Job’s tears grain. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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74
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Yin HM, Wang SN, Nie SP, Xie MY. Coix polysaccharides: Gut microbiota regulation and immunomodulatory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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75
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Huang Q, Xu M, Zhang H, He D, Kong Y, Chen L, Song H. Transcriptome and proteome analyses of the molecular mechanisms associated with coix seed nutritional quality in the process of breeding. Food Chem 2018; 272:549-558. [PMID: 30309580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In present study, the content of main nutrients in wild coix seed were significantly higher than cultivated coix seed. Transcriptome and proteome were combined to provide new insight of the molecular mechanisms linked to nutritional quality of wild coix seed and cultivated coix seed by RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification techniques. A total of 20,039 genes and 471 proteins exhibited differential expression level in cultivated coix seed when compared with wild coix seed. These genes and proteins revealed that the pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were linked to nutritional quality of coix seed. Our results provided transcriptomics and proteomics information with respect to the molecular mechanisms of nutritional changes of coix seed, identified key genes and proteins that associated with the metabolism and accumulation of nutrients, and helped clarify the mechanisms of nutrient differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dan He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuting Kong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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76
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Xu M, He D, Teng H, Chen L, Song H, Huang Q. Physiological and proteomic analyses of coix seed aging during storage. Food Chem 2018; 260:82-89. [PMID: 29699686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a series of physio-biochemical changes of coix seed occur during the storage, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the aging mechanism of coix seed during storage. Proteome patterns of coix seed stored for 1-month, 5-month and 10-month at room temperature were compared using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectra. Thirty-one differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected, which involved seven pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, carbon metabolism, RNA transport, proteasome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, and RNA degradation. Sucrose synthase 1 was associated with sucrose metabolism and affected the sucrose content during the storage. Increased ambient temperature enhanced respiration of coix after 5-month storage, and overexpression of aconitate hydratase 2 promoted the generation of energy. In addition, the proteins involved in the antioxidant system and resistance stimulus of coix seed were mostly up-regulated during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Xu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dan He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Qun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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77
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Xu L, Yang N, Wu F, Jin Z, Xu X. Effect of acid pretreatment on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of germinated adlay (
Coix lachryma‐jobi
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and NutritionJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
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