Cyto- and genotoxic effects of metallic nanoparticles in untransformed human fibroblast

Adverse Biological Effect of TiO₂ and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Used in Bone Repair and Replacement

The adverse biological effect of nanoparticles is an unavoidable scientific problem because of their small size and high surface activity. In this review, we focus on nano-hydroxyapatite and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) to clarify the potential systemic toxicological effect and cytotoxic response of wear nanoparticles because they are attractive materials for bone implants and are widely investigated to promote the repair and reconstruction of bone. The wear nanoparticles would be prone to binding with proteins to form protein-particle complexes, to interacting with visible components in the blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, and to being phagocytosed by macrophages or fibroblasts to deposit in the local tissue, leading to the formation of fibrous local pseudocapsules. These particles would also be translocated to and disseminated into the main organs such as the lung, liver and spleen via blood circulation. The inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and signaling pathway are elaborated to analyze the potential toxicological mechanism. Inhibition of the oxidative stress response and signaling transduction may be a new therapeutic strategy for wear debris-mediated osteolysis. Developing biomimetic materials with better biocompatibility is our goal for orthopedic implants.

Chloro-aluminium phthalocyanine loaded in ultradeformable liposomes for photobiology studies on human glioblastoma

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative clinical protocol to treat brain tumors in early and advanced stages.

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles of different sizes in CHO-K1 and CHO-XRS5 cell lines

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in a range of products due to their unique properties. Nevertheless, these NPs can cause adverse biological effects and because of that, there is a great concern about the health and environmental risks related to their use. Recently, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been used in a variety of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies, but there are still controversies regarding the association between the size and the toxicity of these particles. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ag NPs (10 and 100 nm) in two different cell lines, CHO-K1 and CHO-XRS5, by performing cell viability assay (XTT), clonogenic assay, micronucleus test, comet assay, as well as by investigating the cell cycle kinetics using the flow cytometry. Cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of AgNPs (0.025-5.0 μg/ml) for 24 h. Our results indicated that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the 100 nm-Ag NPs were greater than those induced by the 10 nm-Ag NPs for both cell lines, which suggests that the exposure to greater size particles (100 nm) can cause more adverse biological effects than the exposure to the smaller ones (10 nm).