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Calfee E, Agra MN, Palacio MA, Ramírez SR, Coop G. Selection and hybridization shaped the rapid spread of African honey bee ancestry in the Americas. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009038. [PMID: 33075065 PMCID: PMC7595643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent biological invasions offer 'natural' laboratories to understand the genetics and ecology of adaptation, hybridization, and range limits. One of the most impressive and well-documented biological invasions of the 20th century began in 1957 when Apis mellifera scutellata honey bees swarmed out of managed experimental colonies in Brazil. This newly-imported subspecies, native to southern and eastern Africa, both hybridized with and out-competed previously-introduced European honey bee subspecies. Populations of scutellata-European hybrid honey bees rapidly expanded and spread across much of the Americas in less than 50 years. We use broad geographic sampling and whole genome sequencing of over 300 bees to map the distribution of scutellata ancestry where the northern and southern invasions have presently stalled, forming replicated hybrid zones with European bee populations in California and Argentina. California is much farther from Brazil, yet these hybrid zones occur at very similar latitudes, consistent with the invasion having reached a climate barrier. At these range limits, we observe genome-wide clines for scutellata ancestry, and parallel clines for wing length that span hundreds of kilometers, supporting a smooth transition from climates favoring scutellata-European hybrid bees to climates where they cannot survive winter. We find no large effect loci maintaining exceptionally steep ancestry transitions. Instead, we find most individual loci have concordant ancestry clines across South America, with a build-up of somewhat steeper clines in regions of the genome with low recombination rates, consistent with many loci of small effect contributing to climate-associated fitness trade-offs. Additionally, we find no substantial reductions in genetic diversity associated with rapid expansions nor complete dropout of scutellata ancestry at any individual loci on either continent, which suggests that the competitive fitness advantage of scutellata ancestry at lower latitudes has a polygenic basis and that scutellata-European hybrid bees maintained large population sizes during their invasion. To test for parallel selection across continents, we develop a null model that accounts for drift in ancestry frequencies during the rapid expansion. We identify several peaks within a larger genomic region where selection has pushed scutellata ancestry to high frequency hundreds of kilometers past the present cline centers in both North and South America and that may underlie high-fitness traits driving the invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Calfee
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - María Alejandra Palacio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Santiago R. Ramírez
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Graham Coop
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Quilodrán CS, Tsoupas A, Currat M. The Spatial Signature of Introgression After a Biological Invasion With Hybridization. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.569620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of genome-wide molecular data has emphasized the important role of hybridization in the evolution of many organisms, which may carry introgressed genomic segments resulting from past admixture events with other taxa. Despite a number of examples of hybridization occurring during biological invasions, the resulting spatial patterns of genomic introgression remain poorly understood. Preliminary simulation studies have suggested a heterogeneous spatial level of introgression for invasive taxa after range expansion. We investigated in detail the robustness of this pattern and its persistence over time for both invasive and local organisms. Using spatially explicit simulations, we explored the spatial distribution of introgression across the area of colonization of an invasive taxon hybridizing with a local taxon. The general pattern for neutral loci supported by our results is an increasing introgression of local genes into the invasive taxon with the increase in the distance from the source of the invasion and a decreasing introgression of invasive genes into the local taxon. However, we also show there is some variation in this general trend depending on the scenario investigated. Spatial heterogeneity of introgression within a given taxon is thus an expected neutral pattern in structured populations after a biological invasion with a low to moderate amount of hybridization. We further show that this pattern is consistent with published empirical observations. Using additional simulations, we argue that the spatial pattern of Neanderthal introgression in modern humans, which has been documented to be higher in Asia than in Europe, can be explained by a model of hybridization with Neanderthals in Eurasia during the range expansion of modern humans from Africa. Our results support the view that weak hybridization during range expansion may explain spatially heterogeneous introgression patterns without the need to invoke selection.
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53
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Martin BT, Douglas MR, Chafin TK, Placyk JS, Birkhead RD, Phillips CA, Douglas ME. Contrasting signatures of introgression in North American box turtle (
Terrapene
spp.) contact zones. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4186-4202. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T. Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Tyler K. Chafin
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA
| | - John S. Placyk
- Department of Biology University of Texas Tyler TX USA
- Science Division Trinity Valley Community College Athens TX USA
| | | | - Christopher A. Phillips
- Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Champaign IL USA
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA
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54
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Quilodrán CS, Nussberger B, Macdonald DW, Montoya‐Burgos JI, Currat M. Projecting introgression from domestic cats into European wildcats in the Swiss Jura. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2101-2112. [PMID: 32908607 PMCID: PMC7463310 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between wild and domesticated organisms is a worldwide conservation issue. In the Jura Mountains, threatened European wildcats (Felis silvestris) have been demographically spreading for approximately the last 50 years, but this recovery is coupled with hybridization with domestic cats (Felis catus). Here, we project the pattern of future introgression using different spatially explicit scenarios to model the interactions between the two species, including competition and different population sizes. We project the fast introgression of domestic cat genes into the wildcat population under all scenarios if hybridization is not severely restricted. If the current hybridization rate and population sizes remain unchanged, we expect the loss of genetic distinctiveness between wild and domestic cats at neutral nuclear, mitochondrial and Y chromosome markers in one hundred years. However, scenarios involving a competitive advantage for wildcats and a future increase in the wildcat population size project a slower increase in introgression. We recommend that future studies assess the fitness of these hybrids and better characterize their ecological niche and their ecological interactions with parental species to elucidate effective conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio S. Quilodrán
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Genetics and Evolution ‐ Anthropology UnitLaboratory of AnthropologyGenetics and Peopling HistoryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Beatrice Nussberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Department of ZoologyWildlife Conservation Research UnitThe Recanati‐Kaplan CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Juan I. Montoya‐Burgos
- Department of Genetics and EvolutionLaboratory of Vertebrate EvolutionUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Mathias Currat
- Department of Genetics and Evolution ‐ Anthropology UnitLaboratory of AnthropologyGenetics and Peopling HistoryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3)GenevaSwitzerland
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55
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Coleman MA, Minne AJP, Vranken S, Wernberg T. Genetic tropicalisation following a marine heatwave. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12726. [PMID: 32728196 PMCID: PMC7391769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme events are increasing globally with devastating ecological consequences, but the impacts on underlying genetic diversity and structure are often cryptic and poorly understood, hindering assessment of adaptive capacity and ecosystem vulnerability to future change. Using very rare "before" data we empirically demonstrate that an extreme marine heatwave caused a significant poleward shift in genetic clusters of kelp forests whereby alleles characteristic of cool water were replaced by those that predominated in warm water across 200 km of coastline. This "genetic tropicalisation" was facilitated by significant mortality of kelp and other co-occurring seaweeds within the footprint of the heatwave that opened space for rapid local proliferation of surviving kelp genotypes or dispersal and recruitment of spores from warmer waters. Genetic diversity declined and inbreeding increased in the newly tropicalised site, but these metrics were relative stable elsewhere within the footprint of the heatwave. Thus, extreme events such as marine heatwaves not only lead to significant mortality and population loss but can also drive significant genetic change in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Antoine J P Minne
- Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sofie Vranken
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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56
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Ganem G, Dufour CMS, Avenant NL, Caminade P, Eiseb SJ, Tougard C, Pillay N. An update on the distribution and diversification of Rhabdomys sp. (Muridae, Rodentia). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guila Ganem
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; e-mail: ,,
| | | | - Nico L. Avenant
- Department of Mammalogy, National Museum and Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; e-mail:
| | - Pierre Caminade
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; e-mail: ,,
| | - Seth J. Eiseb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; e-mail:
| | - Christelle Tougard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; e-mail: ,,
| | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; e-mail:
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Stewart KA, Taylor SA. Leveraging eDNA to expand the study of hybrid zones. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2768-2776. [PMID: 32557920 PMCID: PMC7496085 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zones are important windows into ecological and evolutionary processes. Our understanding of the significance and prevalence of hybridization in nature has expanded with the generation and analysis of genome‐spanning data sets. That said, most hybridization research still has restricted temporal and spatial resolution, which limits our ability to draw broad conclusions about evolutionary and conservation related outcomes. Here, we argue that rapidly advancing environmental DNA (eDNA) methodology could be adopted for studies of hybrid zones to increase temporal sampling (contemporary and historical), refine and geographically expand sampling density, and collect data for taxa that are difficult to directly sample. Genomic data in the environment offer the potential for near real‐time biological tracking of hybrid zones, and eDNA provides broad, but as yet untapped, potential to address eco‐evolutionary questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Stewart
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott A Taylor
- Department Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Testing the “(Neo-)Darwinian” Principles against Reticulate Evolution: How Variation, Adaptation, Heredity and Fitness, Constraints and Affordances, Speciation, and Extinction Surpass Organisms and Species. INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/info11070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation, adaptation, heredity and fitness, constraints and affordances, speciation, and extinction form the building blocks of the (Neo-)Darwinian research program, and several of these have been called “Darwinian principles”. Here, we suggest that caution should be taken in calling these principles Darwinian because of the important role played by reticulate evolutionary mechanisms and processes in also bringing about these phenomena. Reticulate mechanisms and processes include symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, infective heredity mediated by genetic and organismal mobility, and hybridization. Because the “Darwinian principles” are brought about by both vertical and reticulate evolutionary mechanisms and processes, they should be understood as foundational for a more pluralistic theory of evolution, one that surpasses the classic scope of the Modern and the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis. Reticulate evolution moreover demonstrates that what conventional (Neo-)Darwinian theories treat as intra-species features of evolution frequently involve reticulate interactions between organisms from very different taxonomic categories. Variation, adaptation, heredity and fitness, constraints and affordances, speciation, and extinction therefore cannot be understood as “traits” or “properties” of genes, organisms, species, or ecosystems because the phenomena are irreducible to specific units and levels of an evolutionary hierarchy. Instead, these general principles of evolution need to be understood as common goods that come about through interactions between different units and levels of evolutionary hierarchies, and they are exherent rather than inherent properties of individuals.
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59
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Capblancq T, Després L, Mavárez J. Genetic, morphological and ecological variation across a sharp hybrid zone between two alpine butterfly species. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1435-1450. [PMID: 32684968 PMCID: PMC7359832 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of species is a central question in evolutionary biology, and distinguishing the selective drivers of populations' divergence from demographic processes is of particular interest to better understand the speciation process. Hybrid zones are recognized to provide ideal places to investigate the genetic architecture of speciation and to identify the mechanisms allowing diverging species to maintain their integrity in the face of gene flow. Here, we studied two alpine butterfly species, Coenonympha macromma and C. gardetta, which can be found flying together and hybridizing in narrow contact zones in the southern French Alps. We characterized the genomic composition of individuals, their morphology and their local habitat requirements, within and around a hybrid zone. Genetic diversity analysis at 794 SNPs revealed that all individuals within the hybrid zone were highly admixed, which was not the case outside the hybrid zone. Cline analysis showed that, despite ongoing hybridization, 56 out of 122 loci differentially fixed or nearly so between the two species were impermeable to introgression across the sharp hybrid zone (9 km wide). We also found concordance in cline position and width among genetic, morphological and environmental variation, suggesting a coupling of different reproductive barriers. Habitat characteristics such as the presence of trees and shrubs and the start of the growing season were strongly associated with the genetic variation, and we found evidence of divergence at genetic markers associated with morphology and physiology, putatively involved in visual or environmental reproductive isolation. We discuss the various behavioural and ecological factors that might interplay to maintain current levels of divergence and gene flow between this species pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capblancq
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR UGA‐USMB‐CNRS 5553Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR UGA‐USMB‐CNRS 5553Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Jesús Mavárez
- Laboratoire d’Écologie AlpineUMR UGA‐USMB‐CNRS 5553Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad Jorge Tadeo LozanoBogotáColombia
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60
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Muniz AC, Lemos-Filho JP, Souza HA, Marinho RC, Buzatti RS, Heuertz M, Lovato MB. The protected tree Dimorphandra wilsonii (Fabaceae) is a population of inter-specific hybrids: recommendations for conservation in the Brazilian Cerrado/Atlantic Forest ecotone. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:191-203. [PMID: 32277237 PMCID: PMC7304468 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini, a critically endangered and protected tree, has a restricted distribution in the ecotone between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil. In this area, it co-occurs with D. mollis Benth., a common tree from the Cerrado, and D. exaltata Schott., a rare tree from the Atlantic Forest. Previous studies of D. wilsonii indicated heterozygosity excess at the individual level. Field observation of some intermediate phenotypes between D. wilsonii and both congeners suggests hybridization of D. wilsonii with D. mollis and/or D. exaltata. Here, we tested the hypothesis that D. wilsonii may have originated from hybridization between D. exaltata and D. mollis. We also performed cytogenetic analysis to examine if the heterozygosity excess could be explained by polyploidy in D. wilsonii. METHODS We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of D. wilsonii using 11 nuclear simple sequence repeats (SSRs) genotyped in 152 individuals sampled across the taxon's range. We performed comparative genetic analyses using overlapping SSR markers between D. wilsonii and previously published SSR data in D. mollis and D. exaltata to subsequently perform a series of allelic comparisons, multivariate and Bayesian analysis. KEY RESULTS Our results suggest that D. wilsonii individuals are most likely to correspond to F1 hybrids between D. exaltata and D. mollis. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that D. wilsonii is diploid with the same chromosome number as D. mollis (2n = 2x = 28). CONCLUSIONS Our study raises questions about the taxonomic status and the evolutionary future of D. wilsonii. We suggest that the conservation and management strategy for D. wilsonii should be revised and that it should take into account both parental Dimorphandra species in the ecotone, with special emphasis on the threatened D. exaltata. Finally, this study highlights the value of genetic information for the design of conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Carneiro Muniz
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Pires Lemos-Filho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helena Augusta Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Santiago Buzatti
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Bernadete Lovato
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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61
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Wagner DN, Curry RL, Chen N, Lovette IJ, Taylor SA. Genomic regions underlying metabolic and neuronal signaling pathways are temporally consistent in a moving avian hybrid zone. Evolution 2020; 74:1498-1513. [PMID: 32243568 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of hybrid zones can provide insight into the genetic basis of species differences that are relevant for the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones can also provide insight into climate change, species distributions, and evolution. The hybrid zone between black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) is shifting northward in response to increasing winter temperatures but is not increasing in width. This pattern indicates strong selection against chickadees with admixed genomes. Using high-resolution genomic data, we identified regions of the genomes that are outliers in both time points and do not introgress between the species; these regions may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Genes involved in metabolic regulation processes were overrepresented in this dataset. Several gene ontology categories were also temporally consistent-including glutamate signaling, synaptic transmission, and catabolic processes-but the nucleotide variants leading to this pattern were not. Our results support recent findings that hybrids between black-capped and Carolina chickadees have higher basal metabolic rates than either parental species and suffer spatial memory and problem-solving deficits. Metabolic breakdown, as well as spatial memory and problem-solving, in hybrid chickadees may act as strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms in this moving hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Robert L Curry
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, 19085
| | - Nancy Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627
| | - Irby J Lovette
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850
| | - Scott A Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
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Abstract
Introgressive hybridization can affect the evolution of populations in several important ways. It may retard or reverse divergence of species, enable the development of novel traits, enhance the potential for future evolution by elevating levels of standing variation, create new species, and alleviate inbreeding depression in small populations. Most of what is known of contemporary hybridization in nature comes from the study of pairs of species, either coexisting in the same habitat or distributed parapatrically and separated by a hybrid zone. More rarely, three species form an interbreeding complex (triad), reported in vertebrates, insects, and plants. Often, one species acts as a genetic link or conduit for the passage of genes (alleles) between two others that rarely, if ever, hybridize. Demographic and genetic consequences are unknown. Here we report results of a long-term study of interbreeding Darwin's finches on Daphne Major island, Galápagos. Geospiza fortis acted as a conduit for the passage of genes between two others that have never been observed to interbreed on Daphne: Geospiza fuliginosa, a rare immigrant, and Geospiza scandens, a resident. Microsatellite gene flow from G. fortis into G. scandens increased in frequency during 30 y of favorable ecological conditions, resulting in genetic and morphological convergence. G. fortis, G. scandens, and the derived dihybrids and trihybrids experienced approximately equal fitness. Especially relevant to young adaptive radiations, where species differ principally in ecology and behavior, these findings illustrate how new combinations of genes created by hybridization among three species can enhance the potential for evolutionary change.
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64
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Gallego-Tévar B, Grewell BJ, Futrell CJ, Drenovsky RE, Castillo JM. Interactive effects of salinity and inundation on native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid from San Francisco Estuary, California. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:377-389. [PMID: 31637420 PMCID: PMC7442410 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sea level rise (SLR) associated with climate change is intensifying permanent submersion and salinity in salt marshes. In this scenario, hybridization between native and invasive species may result in hybrids having greater tolerance of abiotic stress factors than their parents. Thus, understanding the responses of native and invasive halophytes and their hybrids to interacting physiological stresses imposed by SLR is key to native species conservation. We analysed how salinity, inundation depth and their interaction impact the functional traits of native and invasive cordgrass species and their hybrid (genus Spartina; Poaceae). METHODS In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated interactive stress effects of three inundation depths (4.5, 35.5 and 55 cm) and four aqueous salinities (0.5, 10, 20 and 40 ppt) on 27 functional traits of native Spartina foliosa, invasive S. densiflora and their hybrid S. densiflora × S. foliosa from San Francisco Estuary. KEY RESULTS The combined effect of salinity and inundation led to synergistic effects on leaf biochemical stress indicators. Spartina foliosa behaved as a stress-tolerant species, with high leaf sodium exudation rate and glycine betaine concentrations that also increased with stress. Spartina foliosa was less sensitive to salinity than S. densiflora and the hybrid but was highly growth-limited in response to increased inundation and salinity. Spartina densiflora was fast-growing in low-stress conditions and tolerated moderate interactive stresses. The hybrid produced more biomass, rhizome reserves and tillers than its parents, even under the most stressful conditions. Transgressivity improved the hybrid's capacity to deal with flooding stress more so than its response to increasing salinity. CONCLUSIONS Based on our observations, we predict that established populations of both native and invasive cordgrasses will experience reduced vegetative and sexual fitness in response to SLR. In particular, the combined effects of high salinity and deep inundation may decrease floret production in S. densiflora, a key trait for the spread of its invasive populations. In contrast, the hybrid likely will be able to sustain its invasiveness under SLR based on its ability to maintain growth and biomass production under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gallego-Tévar
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Brenda J Grewell
- USDA-ARS Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Caryn J Futrell
- Department of Plant Sciences MS-4, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesús M Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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İpekdal K, Burban C, Sauné L, Battisti A, Kerdelhué C. From refugia to contact: Pine processionary moth hybrid zone in a complex biogeographic setting. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1623-1638. [PMID: 32076539 PMCID: PMC7029074 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact zones occur at the crossroad between specific dispersal routes and are facilitated by biogeographic discontinuities. Here, we focused on two Lepidoptera sister species that come in contact near the Turkish Straits System (TSS). We aimed to infer their phylogeographic histories in the Eastern Mediterranean and finely analyze their co-occurrence and hybridization patterns in this biogeographic context. We used molecular mitochondrial and nuclear markers to study 224 individuals from 42 localities. We used discordances between markers and complementary assignment methods to identify and map hybrids and parental individuals. We confirmed the parapatric distribution of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the west and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the east and identified a narrow contact zone. We identified several glacial refugia of T. wilkinsoni in southern Turkey with a strong east-west differentiation in this species. Unexpectedly, T. pityocampa crossed the TSS and occur in northern Aegean Turkey and some eastern Greek islands. We found robust evidence of introgression between the two species in a restricted zone in northwestern Turkey, but we did not identify any F1 individuals. The identified hybrid zone was mostly bimodal. The distributions and genetic patterns of the studied species were strongly influenced both by the Quaternary climatic oscillations and the complex geological history of the Aegean region. T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni survived the last glacial maximum in disjoint refugia and met in western Turkey at the edge of the recolonization routes. Expanding population of T. wilkinsoni constrained T. pityocampa to the western Turkish shore. Additionally, we found evidence of recurrent introgression by T. wilkinsoni males in several T. pityocampa populations. Our results suggest that some prezygotic isolation mechanisms, such as differences in timing of the adult emergences, might be a driver of the isolation between the sister species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laure Sauné
- INRAE, CBGP (INRAE, CIRAD, RD, Montpellier Supagro, Univ. Montpellier)MontpellierFrance
| | | | - Carole Kerdelhué
- INRAE, CBGP (INRAE, CIRAD, RD, Montpellier Supagro, Univ. Montpellier)MontpellierFrance
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66
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Matute DR, Comeault AA, Earley E, Serrato-Capuchina A, Peede D, Monroy-Eklund A, Huang W, Jones CD, Mackay TFC, Coyne JA. Rapid and Predictable Evolution of Admixed Populations Between Two Drosophila Species Pairs. Genetics 2020; 214:211-230. [PMID: 31767631 PMCID: PMC6944414 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of hybridization are varied, ranging from the origin of new lineages, introgression of some genes between species, to the extinction of one of the hybridizing species. We generated replicate admixed populations between two pairs of sister species of Drosophila: D. simulans and D. mauritiana; and D. yakuba and D. santomea Each pair consisted of a continental species and an island endemic. The admixed populations were maintained by random mating in discrete generations for over 20 generations. We assessed morphological, behavioral, and fitness-related traits from each replicate population periodically, and sequenced genomic DNA from the populations at generation 20. For both pairs of species, species-specific traits and their genomes regressed to those of the continental species. A few alleles from the island species persisted, but they tended to be proportionally rare among all sites in the genome and were rarely fixed within the populations. This paucity of alleles from the island species was particularly pronounced on the X-chromosome. These results indicate that nearly all foreign genes were quickly eliminated after hybridization and that selection against the minor species genome might be similar across experimental replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aaron A Comeault
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, UK LL57 2EN
| | - Eric Earley
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - David Peede
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anaïs Monroy-Eklund
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wen Huang
- Program in Genetics and Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Program in Genetics and Department of Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Jerry A Coyne
- Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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67
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Gallego-Tévar B, Grewell BJ, Drenovsky RE, Castillo JM. Transgressivity in Key Functional Traits Rather Than Phenotypic Plasticity Promotes Stress Tolerance in A Hybrid Cordgrass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E594. [PMID: 31842356 PMCID: PMC6963473 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization might promote offspring fitness via a greater tolerance to environmental stressors due to heterosis and higher levels of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, analyzing the phenotypic expression of hybrids provides an opportunity to elucidate further plant responses to environmental stress. In the case of coastal salt marshes, sea level rise subjects hybrids, and their parents, to longer tidal submergence and higher salinity. We analyzed the phenotypic expression patterns in the hybrid Spartina densiflora x foliosa relative to its parental species, native S. foliosa, and invasive S. densiflora, from the San Francisco Estuary when exposed to contrasting salinities and inundations in a mesocosm experiment. 37% of the recorded traits displayed no variability among parents and hybrids, 3% showed an additive inheritance, 37% showed mid-parent heterosis, 18% showed best-parent heterosis, and 5% presented worst-parent heterosis. Transgressivity, rather than phenotypic plasticity, in key functional traits of the hybrid, such as tiller height, conveyed greater stress tolerance to the hybrid when compared to the tolerance of its parents. As parental trait variability increased, phenotypic transgressivity of the hybrid increased and it was more important in response to inundation than salinity. Increases in salinity and inundation associated with sea level rise will amplify the superiority of the hybrid over its parental species. These results provide evidence of transgressive traits as an underlying source of adaptive variation that can facilitate plant invasions. The adaptive evolutionary process of hybridization is thought to support an increased invasiveness of plant species and their rapid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gallego-Tévar
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Brenda J. Grewell
- USDA-ARS Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Department. of Plant Sciences, University of California, Mail Stop 4, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Rebecca E. Drenovsky
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA;
| | - Jesús M. Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain;
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68
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Levin DA. Plant speciation in the age of climate change. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:769-775. [PMID: 31250895 PMCID: PMC6868396 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species diversity is likely to undergo a sharp decline in the next century. Perhaps as many as 33 % of all plant species may expire as a result of climate change. All parts of the globe will be impacted, and all groups of organisms will be affected. Hundreds of species throughout the world have already experienced local extinction. PERSPECTIVES While thousands of species may become extinct in the next century and beyond, species formation will still occur. I consider which modes of plant species formation are likely to prevail in the next 500 years. I argue that speciation primarily will involve mechanisms that produce reproductively isolated lineages within less (often much less) than 100 generations. I will not especially consider the human element in promoting species formation, because it will continue and because the conclusions presented here are unaffected by it. The impact of climate change may be much more severe and widespread. CONCLUSIONS The most common modes of speciation likely to be operative in the next 500 years ostensibly will be auto- and allopolyploidy. Polyploid species or the antecedents thereof can arise within two generations. Moreover, polyploids often have broader ecological tolerances, and are likely to be more invasive than are their diploid relatives. Polyploid species may themselves spawn additional higher level polyploids either through crosses with diploid species or between pre-existing polyploids. The percentage of polyploid species is likely to exceed 50 % within the next 500 years vs. 35 % today. The stabilized hybrid derivatives (homoploid hybrid speciation) could emerge within a hundred generations after species contact, as could speciation involving chromosomal rearrangements (and perhaps number), but the number of such events is likely to be low. Speciation involving lineage splitting will be infrequent because the formation of substantive pre- and post-zygotic barriers typically takes many thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Levin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, USA
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69
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Sequeira F, Bessa-Silva A, Tarroso P, Sousa-Neves T, Vallinoto M, Gonçalves H, Martínez-Solano I. Discordant patterns of introgression across a narrow hybrid zone between two cryptic lineages of an Iberian endemic newt. J Evol Biol 2019; 33:202-216. [PMID: 31677317 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study of natural hybrid zones can illuminate aspects of lineage divergence and speciation in morphologically cryptic taxa. We studied a hybrid zone between two highly divergent but morphologically similar lineages (south-western and south-eastern) of the Iberian endemic Bosca's newt (Lissotriton boscai) in SW Iberia with a multilocus dataset (microsatellites, nuclear and mitochondrial genes). STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS analyses retrieved few admixed individuals, which classified as backcrosses involving parental individuals of the south-western lineage. Our results show asymmetric introgression of mtDNA beyond the contact from this lineage into the south-eastern lineage. Analysis of nongeographic introgression patterns revealed asymmetries in the direction of introgression, but except for mtDNA, we did not find evidence for nonconcordant introgression patterns across nuclear loci. Analysis of a 150-km transect across the hybrid zone showed broadly coincident cline widths (ca. 3.2-27.9 km), and concordant cline centres across all markers, except for mtDNA that is displaced ca. 60 km northward. Results from ecological niche modelling show that the hybrid zone is in a climatically homogenous area with suitable habitat for the species, suggesting that contact between the two lineages is unlikely to occur further south as their distributions are currently separated by an extensive area of unfavourable habitat. Taken together, our findings suggest the genetic structure of this hybrid zone results from the interplay of historical (biogeographic) and population-level processes. The narrowness and coincidence of genetic clines can be explained by weak selection against hybrids and reflect a degree of reproductive isolation that is consistent with cryptic speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sequeira
- Laboratorio Associado, CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Adam Bessa-Silva
- Laboratório de Evolução (LEVO), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brasil
| | - Pedro Tarroso
- Laboratorio Associado, CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Tiago Sousa-Neves
- Laboratorio Associado, CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Pará, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Vallinoto
- Laboratorio Associado, CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Laboratório de Evolução (LEVO), Instituto de Estudos Costeiros (IECOS), Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brasil
| | - Helena Gonçalves
- Laboratorio Associado, CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Museu de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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70
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Corrêa AS, Cordeiro EM, Omoto C. Agricultural insect hybridization and implications for pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2857-2864. [PMID: 31124266 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions, the expansion of agricultural frontiers, and climate change favor encounters of divergent lineages of animals and plants, increasing the likelihood of hybridization. However, hybridization of insect species and its consequences for agroecosystems have not received sufficient attention. Gene exchange between distinct and distant genetic pools can improve the survival and reproduction of insect pests, and threaten beneficial insects in disturbed agricultural environments. Hybridization may be the underlying explanation for the recurrent pest outbreaks and control failures in putative hybrid zones, as suspected for bollworm, corn borer, whiteflies, and stink bugs. Reliable predictions of the types of changes that can be expected in pest insect genomes and fitness, and of their impacts on the fate of species and populations remain elusive. Typical steps in pest management, such as insect identification, pest monitoring, and control are likely affected by gene flow and adaptive introgression mediated by hybridization, and we do not have ways to respond to or mitigate the problem. To address the adverse effects of farming intensification and global trade, we must ensure that current integrated pest management programs incorporate up-to-date monitoring and diagnostic tools. The rapid identification of hybrids, quantification of levels of introgression, and in-depth knowledge of what genes have been transferred may help to explain and predict insect population outbreaks and control failures in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S Corrêa
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erick Mg Cordeiro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
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71
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Wang S, Rohwer S, Delmore K, Irwin DE. Cross-decades stability of an avian hybrid zone. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1242-1251. [PMID: 31430391 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid zones are particularly valuable for understanding the evolution of partial reproductive isolation between differentiated populations. An increasing number of hybrid zones have been inferred to move over time, but in most such cases zone movement has not been tested with long-term genomic data. The hybrid zone between Townsend's Warblers (Setophaga townsendi) and Hermit Warblers (S. occidentalis) in the Washington Cascades was previously inferred to be moving from northern S. townsendi southwards towards S. occidentalis, based on plumage and behavioural patterns as well as a 2000-km genetic wake of hermit mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in coastal Townsend's Warblers. We directly tested whether hybrid zone position has changed over 2-3 decades by tracking plumage, mtDNA and nuclear genomic variation across the hybrid zone over two sampling periods (1987-94 and 2015-16). Surprisingly, there was no significant movement in genomic or plumage cline centres between the two time periods. Plumage cline widths were narrower than expected by neutral diffusion, consistent with a 'tension zone' model, in which selection against hybrids is balanced by movement of parental forms into the zone. Our results indicate that this hybrid zone is either stable in its location or moving at a rate that is not detectable over 2-3 decades. Despite considerable gene flow, the stable clines in multiple phenotypic and genotypic characters over decades suggest evolutionary stability of this young pair of sister species, allowing divergence to continue. We propose a novel biogeographic scenario to explain these patterns: rather than the hybrid zone having moved thousands of kilometres to its current position, inland Townsend's met coastal Hermit Warbler populations along a broad front of the British Columbia and Alaska coast and hybridization led to replacement of the Hermit Warbler plumage with Townsend's Warbler plumage patterns along this coastline. Hence, hybrid zones along British Columbia and Alaska moved only a short distance from the inland to the coast, whereas the Hermit Warbler phenotype appears stable in Washington and further south. This case provides an example of the complex biogeographic processes that have led to the distribution of current phenotypes within and among closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Wang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sievert Rohwer
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kira Delmore
- Department of Biology, Texas A & M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Darren E Irwin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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74
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Billerman SM, Walsh J. Historical DNA as a tool to address key questions in avian biology and evolution: A review of methods, challenges, applications, and future directions. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1115-1130. [PMID: 31336408 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Museum specimens play a crucial role in addressing key questions in systematics, evolution, ecology, and conservation. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, specimens that have long been the foundation of important biological discoveries can inform new perspectives as sources of genomic data. Despite the many possibilities associated with analyzing DNA from historical specimens, several challenges persist. Using avian systems as a model, we review DNA extraction protocols, sequencing technologies, and capture methods that are helping researchers overcome some of these difficulties. We highlight empirical examples in which researchers have used these technologies to address fundamental questions related to avian conservation and evolution. Increasing accessibility to new sequencing technologies will provide researchers with tools to tap into the wealth of information contained within our valuable natural history collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Billerman
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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75
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Deacon NJ, Grossman JJ, Cavender‐Bares J. Drought and freezing vulnerability of the isolated hybrid aspen Populus x smithii relative to its parental species, P. tremuloides and P. grandidentata. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8062-8074. [PMID: 31380071 PMCID: PMC6662423 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We assessed the vulnerability of an isolated, relictual Pleistocene hybrid aspen population of conservation interest (Populus x. smithii) and the nearest populations of its parent species (Populus grandidentata and Populus tremuloides) to springtime post-bud break freezing and growing season drought stress. Response to these stressors in the three taxa was compared in terms of avoidance and tolerance. LOCATION North American Midwest; USA. METHODS Unique genets from the hybrid Niobrara River population and from the two parental populations were propagated in a common garden from rhizome cuttings. We tracked their phenology before and after bud break and measured their vulnerability to freezing (stem electrolyte leakage and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence) and to drought (stem hydraulic conductance, leaf osmotic potential, stomatal pore index, and gas exchange). RESULTS Populus grandidentata was slower to leaf out, showed lower vulnerability to stem freezing and drought-induced cavitation, but exhibited a lower capacity to tolerate drought stress through leaf resistance traits compared to P. tremuloides. Hybrids were similar to P. grandidentata in their overwintering strategy, exhibiting later bud break, and in their higher resistance to stem freezing damage, but they were more similar to P. tremuloides in their higher vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation. The hybrids shared various leaf-level gas exchange traits with both parents. All aspens showed limited loss of leaf photosynthetic function following moderate freezing. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The Niobrara River hybrid population is vulnerable to drought due to its combination of inherited drought avoidance and tolerance traits. As climate changes, P. x smithii will likely suffer from increased drought stress, while being unaffected by frost during warmer springs. The two parental species contrast in their survival mechanisms in response to climatic stress, with P. tremuloides tending toward freezing tolerance but drought avoidance and P. grandidentata tending toward freezing avoidance and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Deacon
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
- Present address:
Minneapolis Community and Technical College1501 Hennepin AvenueMinneapolis55403MN
| | - Jake J. Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
- Present address:
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University125 ArborwayBoston02130MA
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76
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Yang R, Folk R, Zhang N, Gong X. Homoploid hybridization of plants in the Hengduan mountains region. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8399-8410. [PMID: 31380098 PMCID: PMC6662326 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) is a major global biodiversity hotspot. Complex tectonic and historical climatic conditions created opportunities for natural interspecific hybridization. Likewise, anthropogenic disturbance potentially raises the frequency of hybridization. Among species studies to date, the frequency of homoploid hybridization appears in the HMR. Of nine taxa in which natural hybridization has been detected, three groups are involved in homoploid hybrid speciation, and species pairs from the remaining six genera suggest that continuous gene flow occurs in hybrid zones. Reproductive isolation may greatly affect the dynamic and architecture of hybrid zones in the HMR. Asymmetrical hybridization and introgression can primarily be attributed to both prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. The frequent observation of such asymmetry may imply that reproductive barrier contributes to maintaining species boundaries in the alpine region. Ecological isolations with environmental disturbance may promote breeding barriers between parental species and hybrids. Hybrid zones may be an important phase for homoploid hybrid speciation. Hybrid zones potentially provided abundant genetic resources for the diversification of the HMR flora. The ecological and molecular mechanisms of control and mediation for natural hybridization will help biologists to understand the formation of biodiversity in the HMR. More researches from ecological and molecular aspects were required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ryan Folk
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunmingChina
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77
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Wang X, Que P, Heckel G, Hu J, Zhang X, Chiang CY, Zhang N, Huang Q, Liu S, Martinez J, Pagani-Núñez E, Dingle C, Leung YY, Székely T, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Genetic, phenotypic and ecological differentiation suggests incipient speciation in two Charadrius plovers along the Chinese coast. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:135. [PMID: 31248363 PMCID: PMC6598359 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Speciation with gene flow is an alternative to the nascence of new taxa in strict allopatric separation. Indeed, many taxa have parapatric distributions at present. It is often unclear if these are secondary contacts, e.g. caused by past glaciation cycles or the manifestation of speciation with gene flow, which hampers our understanding of how different forces drive diversification. Here we studied genetic, phenotypic and ecological aspects of divergence in a pair of incipient shorebird species, the Kentish (Charadrius alexandrinus) and the White-faced Plovers (C. dealbatus), shorebirds with parapatric breeding ranges along the Chinese coast. We assessed divergence based on molecular markers with different modes of inheritance and quantified phenotypic and ecological divergence in aspects of morphometric, dietary and climatic niches. Results Our integrative analyses revealed small to moderate levels of genetic and phenotypic distinctiveness with symmetric gene flow across the contact area at the Chinese coast. The two species diverged approximately half a million years ago in dynamic isolation with secondary contact occurring due to cycling sea level changes between the Eastern and Southern China Sea in the mid-late Pleistocene. We found evidence of character displacement and ecological niche differentiation between the two species, invoking the role of selection in facilitating divergence despite gene flow. Conclusion These findings imply that ecology can indeed counter gene flow through divergent selection and thus contributes to incipient speciation in these plovers. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of using integrative datasets to reveal the evolutionary history and assist the inference of mechanisms of speciation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1449-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pinjia Que
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuecong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chung-Yu Chiang
- Department of Environmental Science, Tunhai University, Taichun, Taiwan
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Simin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | | | - Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Caroline Dingle
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu Yan Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tamás Székely
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Milner Center for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA1 7AY, UK
| | - Zhengwang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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78
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Larson EL, Brassil MM, Maslan J, Juárez D, Lilagan F, Tipton H, Schweitzer A, Skillman J, Monsen-Collar KJ, Peterson MA. The effects of heterospecific mating frequency on the strength of cryptic reproductive barriers. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:900-912. [PMID: 31162735 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heterospecific mating frequency is critical to hybrid zone dynamics and can directly impact the strength of reproductive barriers and patterns of introgression. The effectiveness of post-mating prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers, which include reduced fecundity via heterospecific matings and conspecific sperm precedence, may depend on the number, identity and order of mates. Studies of PMPZ barriers suggest that they may be important in many systems, but whether these barriers are effective at realistic heterospecific mating frequencies has not been tested. Here, we evaluate the strength of cryptic reproductive isolation in two leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus) in the context of a range of heterospecific mating frequencies observed in natural populations. We found both species benefited from multiple matings, but the benefits were greater in C. cobaltinus and extended to heterospecific matings. We found that PMPZ barriers greatly limited hybrid production by C. auratus females with moderate heterospecific mating frequencies, but that their effectiveness diminished at higher heterospecific mating frequencies. In contrast, there was no evidence for PMPZ barriers in C. cobaltinus females at any heterospecific mating frequency. We show that integrating realistic estimates of cryptic isolation with information on relative abundance and heterospecific mating frequency in the field substantially improves our understanding of the strong directional bias in F1 production previously documented in the Chrysochus hybrid zone. Our results demonstrate that heterospecific mating frequency is critical to understanding the impact of cryptic post-copulatory barriers on hybrid zone structure and dynamics, and that future studies of such barriers should incorporate field-relevant heterospecific mating frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret M Brassil
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Maslan
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle Juárez
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Flordeliza Lilagan
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Hallie Tipton
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Schweitzer
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Joe Skillman
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | | | - Merrill A Peterson
- Biology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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79
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A spatially-explicit, individual-based demogenetic simulation framework for evaluating hybridization dynamics. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Cordonnier M, Gayet T, Escarguel G, Kaufmann B. From hybridization to introgression between two closely related sympatric ant species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cordonnier
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
| | - Thibault Gayet
- UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS, Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
- Unité Cervidés Sangliers Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage Birieux France
| | - Gilles Escarguel
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
| | - Bernard Kaufmann
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE Université Lyon Lyon France
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81
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Spengler RN. Origins of the Apple: The Role of Megafaunal Mutualism in the Domestication of Malus and Rosaceous Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:617. [PMID: 31191563 PMCID: PMC6545323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The apple (Malus domestica [Suckow] Borkh.) is one of the most economically and culturally significant fruits in the world today, and it is grown in all temperate zones. With over a thousand landraces recognized, the modern apple provides a unique case study for understanding plant evolution under human cultivation. Recent genomic and archaeobotanical studies have illuminated parts of the process of domestication in the Rosaceae family. Interestingly, these data seem to suggest that rosaceous arboreal crops did not follow the same pathway toward domestication as other domesticated, especially annual, plants. Unlike in cereal crops, tree domestication appears to have been rapid and driven by hybridization. Apple domestication also calls into question the concept of centers of domestication and human intentionality. Studies of arboreal domestication also illustrate the importance of fully understanding the seed dispersal processes in the wild progenitors when studying crop origins. Large fruits in Rosaceae evolved as a seed-dispersal adaptation recruiting megafaunal mammals of the late Miocene. Genetic studies illustrate that the increase in fruit size and changes in morphology during evolution in the wild resulted from hybridization events and were selected for by large seed dispersers. Humans over the past three millennia have fixed larger-fruiting hybrids through grafting and cloning. Ultimately, the process of evolution under human cultivation parallels the natural evolution of larger fruits in the clade as an adaptive strategy, which resulted in mutualism with large mammalian seed dispersers (disperser recruitment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nicholas Spengler
- Paleoethnobotany Laboratories, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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82
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Billerman SM, Cicero C, Bowie RCK, Carling MD. Phenotypic and genetic introgression across a moving woodpecker hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1692-1708. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Billerman
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming
| | - Carla Cicero
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley California
| | - Rauri C. K. Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley California
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California
| | - Matthew D. Carling
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming
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83
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Nowicki R, Heithaus M, Thomson J, Burkholder D, Gastrich K, Wirsing A. Indirect legacy effects of an extreme climatic event on a marine megafaunal community. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowicki
- International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration Mote Marine Laboratory 24244 Overseas Highway Summerland Key Florida 33042 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Education and Research Initiative Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - Michael Heithaus
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Education and Research Initiative Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - Jordan Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Warrnambool Campus Warrnambool Victoria 3280 Australia
| | - Derek Burkholder
- Guy Harvey Research Institute Nova Southeastern University Ft Lauderdale Florida 33314 USA
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Education and Research Initiative Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - Aaron Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Box 352100 Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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84
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Zhang J, Yao J, Hu Z, Jueterbock A, Yotsukura N, Krupnova TN, Nagasato C, Duan D. Phylogeographic diversification and postglacial range dynamics shed light on the conservation of the kelp Saccharina japonica. Evol Appl 2019; 12:791-803. [PMID: 30976310 PMCID: PMC6439492 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of postglacial range shifts could enhance our understanding of seaweed species' responses to climate change and hence facilitate the conservation of natural resources. However, the distribution dynamics and phylogeographic diversification of the commercially and ecologically important kelp Saccharina japonica in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) are still poorly surveyed. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary history of S. japonica using two mitochondrial markers and 24 nuclear microsatellites. A STRUCTURE analysis revealed two partially isolated lineages: lineage H, which is scattered along the coast of Japan; and lineage P, which occurs along the west coast of the Japan Sea. Ecological niche modeling projections to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) revealed that the southern coasts of the Japan Sea and the Pacific side of the Oshima and Honshu Peninsulas provided the most suitable habitats for S. japonica, implying that these regions served as ancient refugia during the LGM. Ancient isolation in different refugia may explain the observed divergence between lineages P and H. An approximate Bayesian computation analysis indicated that the two lineages experienced post-LGM range expansion and that postglacial secondary contact occurred in Sakhalin. Model projections into the year 2,100 predicted that S. japonica will shift northwards and lose its genetic diversity center on the Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido and Shimokita Peninsula in Honshu. The range shifts and evolutionary history of S. japonica improve our understanding of how climate change impacted the distribution range and diversity of this species and provide useful information for the conservation of natural resources under ongoing environmental change in the NWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Jianting Yao
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zi‐Min Hu
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | | | | | | | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityMuroranJapan
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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85
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Ma X, Hu W, Smilauer P, Yin M, Wolinska J. Daphnia galeata
and D. dentifera
are geographically and ecologically separated whereas their hybrids occur in intermediate habitats: A survey of 44 Chinese lakes. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:785-802. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Petr Smilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Mingbo Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
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86
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Martínez-Rodríguez P, Bella JL. Chorthippus parallelus and Wolbachia: Overlapping Orthopteroid and Bacterial Hybrid Zones. Front Genet 2018; 9:604. [PMID: 30564272 PMCID: PMC6288197 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia is a well-known endosymbiotic, strictly cytoplasmic bacterium. It establishes complex cytonuclear relations that are not necessarily deleterious to its host, but that often result in reproductive alterations favoring bacterial transmission. Among these alterations, a common one is the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) that reduces the number of descendants in certain crosses between infected and non-infected individuals. This CI induced by Wolbachia appears in the hybrid zone that the grasshoppers Chorthippus parallelus parallelus (Cpp) and C. p. erythropus (Cpe) form in the Pyrenees: a reputed model in evolutionary biology. However, this cytonuclear incompatibility is the result of sophisticated processes of the co-divergence of the genomes of the bacterial strains and the host after generations of selection and coevolution. Here we show how these genome conflicts have resulted in a finely tuned adjustment of the bacterial strain to each pure orthopteroid taxon, and the striking appearance of another, newly identified recombinant Wolbachia strain that only occurs in hybrid grasshoppers. We propose the existence of two superimposed hybrid zones: one organized by the grasshoppers, which overlaps with a second, bacterial hybrid zone. The two hybrid zones counterbalance one another and have evolved together since the origin of the grasshopper's hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Bella
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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87
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Solano E, Hardersen S, Audisio P, Amorosi V, Senczuk G, Antonini G. Asymmetric hybridization in Cordulegaster (Odonata: Cordulegastridae): Secondary postglacial contact and the possible role of mechanical constraints. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9657-9671. [PMID: 30386565 PMCID: PMC6202705 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Cordulegaster dragonflies present in Italy, the Palaearctic and northern distributed Cordulegaster boltonii and the endemic to the south of the peninsula Cordulegaster trinacriae, meet in central Italy and give rise to individuals of intermediate morphology. By means of mitochondrial and nuclear markers and of Geometric Morphometrics applied to sexual appendages, we defined i) the geographical boundaries between the two species in Italy and ii) we determined the presence, the extent, and the genetic characteristics of the hybridization. Genetic data evidenced asymmetric hybridization with the males of C. trinacriae able to mate both interspecifically and intraspecifically. The results contrast with expectations under neutral gene introgression and sexual selection. This data, along with the morphological evidence of significant differences in size and shape of sexual appendages between the males of the two species, seem indicative of the role of mechanical constraints in intraspecific matings. The origin of the two species is dated about to 1.32 Mya and the hybridization resulted related to range expansion of the two species after Last Glacial Maximum and this led to the secondary contact between the two taxa in central Italy. At last, our results indicate that the range of C. trinacriae, a threatened and protected species, has been moving northward probably driven by climate changes. As a result, the latter species is currently intruding into the range of C. boltonii. The hybrid area is quite extended and the hybrids seem well adapted to the environment. From a conservation point of view, even if C. trinacriae has a strong genetic identity, the discovery of hybridization between the two species should be considered in a future species management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Solano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘‘Charles Darwin’’University of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Sönke Hardersen
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale “Bosco Fontana” CarabinieriMarmiroloMantuaItaly
| | - Paolo Audisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘‘Charles Darwin’’University of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Valentina Amorosi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘‘Charles Darwin’’University of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘‘Charles Darwin’’University of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
| | - Gloria Antonini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘‘Charles Darwin’’University of Rome “La Sapienza”RomeItaly
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88
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Lehnert SJ, DiBacco C, Jeffery NW, Blakeslee AMH, Isaksson J, Roman J, Wringe BF, Stanley RRE, Matheson K, McKenzie CH, Hamilton LC, Bradbury IR. Temporal dynamics of genetic clines of invasive European green crab ( Carcinus maenas) in eastern North America. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1656-1670. [PMID: 30344634 PMCID: PMC6183463 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two genetically distinct lineages of European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) were independently introduced to eastern North America, the first in the early 19th century and the second in the late 20th century. These lineages first came into secondary contact in southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada (NS), where they hybridized, producing latitudinal genetic clines. Previous studies have documented a persistent southward shift in the clines of different marker types, consistent with existing dispersal and recruitment pathways. We evaluated current clinal structure by quantifying the distribution of lineages and fine-scale hybridization patterns across the eastern North American range (25 locations, ~39 to 49°N) using informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 96). In addition, temporal changes in the genetic clines were evaluated using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci (n = 9-11) over a 15-year period (2000-2015). Clinal structure was consistent with prior work demonstrating the existence of both northern and southern lineages with a hybrid zone occurring between southern New Brunswick (NB) and southern NS. Extensive later generation hybrids were detected in this region and in southeastern Newfoundland. Temporal genetic analysis confirmed the southward progression of clines over time; however, the rate of this progression was slower than predicted by forecasting models, and current clines for all marker types deviated significantly from these predictions. Our results suggest that neutral and selective processes contribute to cline dynamics, and ultimately, highlight how selection, hybridization, and dispersal can collectively influence invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Lehnert
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreFisheries and Oceans CanadaSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Claudio DiBacco
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | | | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | - Joe Roman
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | - Brendan F. Wringe
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ryan R. E. Stanley
- Bedford Institute of OceanographyFisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Kyle Matheson
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreFisheries and Oceans CanadaSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Cynthia H. McKenzie
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreFisheries and Oceans CanadaSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Lorraine C. Hamilton
- Aquatic Biotechnology LaboratoryBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Ian R. Bradbury
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries CentreFisheries and Oceans CanadaSt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
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89
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Souissi A, Bonhomme F, Manchado M, Bahri-Sfar L, Gagnaire PA. Genomic and geographic footprints of differential introgression between two divergent fish species (Solea spp.). Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:579-593. [PMID: 29713088 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating gene flow between closely related species and its variation across the genome is important to understand how reproductive barriers shape genome divergence before speciation is complete. An efficient way to characterize differential gene flow is to study how the genetic interactions that take place in hybrid zones selectively filter gene exchange between species, leading to heterogeneous genome divergence. In the present study, genome-wide divergence and introgression patterns were investigated between two sole species, Solea senegalensis and Solea aegyptiaca, using restriction-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to analyze samples taken from a transect spanning the hybrid zone. An integrative approach combining geographic and genomic clines methods with an analysis of individual locus introgression accounting for the demographic history of divergence was conducted. Our results showed that the two sole species have come into secondary contact postglacially, after experiencing a prolonged period (ca. 1.1 to 1.8 Myrs) of allopatric separation. Secondary contact resulted in the formation of a tension zone characterized by strong reproductive isolation, which only allowed introgression in a limited fraction of the genome. We found multiple evidence for a preferential direction of introgression in the S. aegyptiaca genetic background, indicating a possible recent or ongoing movement of the hybrid zone. Deviant introgression signals found in the opposite direction suggested that S. senegalensis could have possibly undergone adaptive introgression that has not yet spread throughout the entire species range. Our study thus illustrates the varied outcomes of genetic interactions between divergent gene pools that recently met after a long history of divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Souissi
- Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France. .,CNRS-Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 34200, Sète, France. .,Faculté des Sciences de Tunis UR11ES08 Biologie intégrative et écologie évolutive et fonctionnelle des milieux aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - François Bonhomme
- Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.,CNRS-Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 34200, Sète, France
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lilia Bahri-Sfar
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis UR11ES08 Biologie intégrative et écologie évolutive et fonctionnelle des milieux aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire
- Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.,CNRS-Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554 UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, Station Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement Littoral, 34200, Sète, France
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90
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Climate-mediated hybrid zone movement revealed with genomics, museum collection, and simulation modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2284-E2291. [PMID: 29463695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714950115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-mediated changes in hybridization will dramatically alter the genetic diversity, adaptive capacity, and evolutionary trajectory of interbreeding species. Our ability to predict the consequences of such changes will be key to future conservation and management decisions. Here we tested through simulations how recent warming (over the course of a 32-y period) is affecting the geographic extent of a climate-mediated developmental threshold implicated in maintaining a butterfly hybrid zone (Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis; Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). These simulations predict a 68-km shift of this hybrid zone. To empirically test this prediction, we assessed genetic and phenotypic changes using contemporary and museum collections and document a 40-km northward shift of this hybrid zone. Interactions between the two species appear relatively unchanged during hybrid zone movement. We found no change in the frequency of hybridization, and regions of the genome that experience little to no introgression moved largely in concert with the shifting hybrid zone. Model predictions based on climate scenarios predict this hybrid zone will continue to move northward, but with substantial spatial heterogeneity in the velocity (55-144 km/1 °C), shape, and contiguity of movement. Our findings suggest that the presence of nonclimatic barriers (e.g., genetic incompatibilities) and/or nonlinear responses to climatic gradients may preserve species boundaries as the species shift. Further, we show that variation in the geography of hybrid zone movement could result in evolutionary responses that differ for geographically distinct populations spanning hybrid zones, and thus have implications for the conservation and management of genetic diversity.
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91
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Pfennig KS, Kelly AL, Pierce AA. Hybridization as a facilitator of species range expansion. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 283:rspb.2016.1329. [PMID: 27683368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolution of species geographical ranges is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is distributed and maintained. The solution to this classic problem in ecology and evolution remains elusive: we still do not fully know how species geographical ranges evolve and what factors fuel range expansions. Resolving this problem is now more crucial than ever with increasing biodiversity loss, global change and movement of species by humans. Here, we describe and evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization between species can contribute to species range expansion. We discuss how such a process can occur and the empirical data that are needed to test this hypothesis. We also examine how species can expand into new environments via hybridization with a resident species, and yet remain distinct species. Generally, hybridization may play an underappreciated role in influencing the evolution of species ranges. Whether-and to what extent-hybridization has such an effect requires further study across more diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Audrey L Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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92
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Quilodrán CS, Austerlitz F, Currat M, Montoya-Burgos JI. Cryptic Biological Invasions: a General Model of Hybridization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2414. [PMID: 29402926 PMCID: PMC5799175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersal of non-native genes due to hybridization is a form of cryptic invasion with growing concern in evolution and conservation. This includes the spread of transgenic genes and antibiotic resistance. To investigate how genes and phenotypes are transmitted, we developed a general model that, for the first time, considers concurrently: multiple loci, quantitative and qualitative gene expression, assortative mating, dominance/recessivity inheritance and density-dependent demographic effects. Selection acting on alleles or genotypes can also be incorporated. Our results reveal that the conclusions about how hybridization threatens a species can be biased if they are based on single-gene models, while considering two or more genes can correct this bias. We also show that demography can amplify or balance the genetic effects, evidencing the need of jointly incorporating both processes. By implementing our model in a real case, we show that mallard ducks introduced in New Zealand benefit from hybridization to replace native grey-ducks. Total displacement can take a few generations and occurs by interspecific competition and by competition between hybrids and natives, demonstrating how hybridization may facilitate biological invasions. We argue that our general model represents a powerful tool for the study of a wide range of biological and societal questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio S Quilodrán
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of vertebrate evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of anthropology, genetics and peopling history, Department of Genetics and Evolution-Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Austerlitz
- Laboratory of Eco-Anthropology and Ethnobiology, National Museum of Natural History, National Centre for Scientific Research, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Currat
- Laboratory of anthropology, genetics and peopling history, Department of Genetics and Evolution-Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan I Montoya-Burgos
- Laboratory of vertebrate evolution, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), Geneva, Switzerland.
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93
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Sirkiä PM, McFarlane SE, Jones W, Wheatcroft D, Ålund M, Rybinski J, Qvarnström A. Climate‐driven build‐up of temporal isolation within a recently formed avian hybrid zone. Evolution 2018; 72:363-374. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi M. Sirkiä
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology UnitUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Eryn McFarlane
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - William Jones
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - David Wheatcroft
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Murielle Ålund
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jakub Rybinski
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anna Qvarnström
- Animal EcologyDepartment of Ecology and Genetics Norbyvägen 18d SE‐752 36 Uppsala Sweden
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94
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Morales-Rozo A, Tenorio EA, Carling MD, Cadena CD. Origin and cross-century dynamics of an avian hybrid zone. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:257. [PMID: 29246108 PMCID: PMC5732383 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizations of the dynamics of hybrid zones in space and time can give insights about traits and processes important in population divergence and speciation. We characterized a hybrid zone between tanagers in the genus Ramphocelus (Aves, Thraupidae) located in southwestern Colombia. We evaluated whether this hybrid zone originated as a result of secondary contact or of primary differentiation, and described its dynamics across time using spatial analyses of molecular, morphological, and coloration data in combination with paleodistribution modeling. Results Models of potential historical distributions based on climatic data and genetic signatures of demographic expansion suggested that the hybrid zone likely originated following secondary contact between populations that expanded their ranges out of isolated areas in the Quaternary. Concordant patterns of variation in phenotypic characters across the hybrid zone and its narrow extent are suggestive of a tension zone, maintained by a balance between dispersal and selection against hybrids. Estimates of phenotypic cline parameters obtained using specimens collected over nearly a century revealed that, in recent decades, the zone appears to have moved to the east and to higher elevations, and may have become narrower. Genetic variation was not clearly structured along the hybrid zone, but comparisons between historical and contemporary specimens suggested that temporal changes in its genetic makeup may also have occurred. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hybrid zone likey resulted from secondary contact between populations. The observed changes in the hybrid zone may be a result of sexual selection, asymmetric gene flow, or environmental change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1096-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morales-Rozo
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Biología y Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de los Llanos, Sede Barcelona, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Elkin A Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Calima: Fundación para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali, Colombia
| | - Matthew D Carling
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Carlos Daniel Cadena
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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95
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Wielstra B, Burke T, Butlin RK, Arntzen JW. A signature of dynamic biogeography: enclaves indicate past species replacement. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20172014. [PMID: 29187631 PMCID: PMC5740283 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how species have replaced each other in the past is important to predicting future species turnover. While past species replacement is difficult to detect after the fact, the process may be inferred from present-day distribution patterns. Species with abutting ranges sometimes show a characteristic distribution pattern, where a section of one species range is enveloped by that of the other. Such an enclave could indicate past species replacement: when a species is partly supplanted by a competitor, but a population endures locally while the invading species moves around and past it, an enclave forms. If the two species hybridize and backcross, the receding species is predicted to leave genetic traces within the expanding one under a scenario of species replacement. By screening dozens of genes in hybridizing crested newts, we uncover genetic remnants of the ancestral species, now inhabiting an enclave, in the range of the surrounding invading species. This independent genetic evidence supports the past distribution dynamics we predicted from the enclave. We suggest that enclaves provide a valuable tool in understanding historical species replacement, which is important because a major conservation concern arising from anthropogenic climate change is increased species replacement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wielstra
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - T Burke
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - J W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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96
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Hunter EA, Matocq MD, Murphy PJ, Shoemaker KT. Differential Effects of Climate on Survival Rates Drive Hybrid Zone Movement. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3898-3903.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Garcia-Elfring A, Barrett RDH, Combs M, Davies TJ, Munshi-South J, Millien V. Admixture on the northern front: population genomics of range expansion in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and secondary contact with the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:447-458. [PMID: 28902189 PMCID: PMC5677999 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Range expansion has genetic consequences expected to result in differentiated wave-front populations with low genetic variation and potentially introgression from a local species. The northern expansion of Peromyscus leucopus in southern Quebec provides an opportunity to test these predictions using population genomic tools. Our results show evidence of recent and post-glacial expansion. Genome-wide variation in P. leucopus indicates two post-glacial lineages are separated by the St. Lawrence River, with a more recent divergence of populations isolated by the Richelieu River. In two of three transects we documented northern populations with low diversity in at least one genetic measure, although most relationships were not significant. Consistent with bottlenecks and allele surfing during northward expansion, we document a northern-most population with low nucleotide diversity, divergent allele frequencies and the most private alleles, and observed heterozygosity indicates outcrossing. Ancestry proportions revealed putative hybrids of P. leucopus and P. maniculatus. A formal test for gene flow confirmed secondary contact, showing that a reticulate population phylogeny between P. maniculatus and P. leucopus was a better fit to the data than a bifurcating model without gene flow. Thus, we provide the first genomic evidence of gene flow between this pair of species in natural populations. Understanding the evolutionary consequences of secondary contact is an important conservation concern as climate-induced range expansions are expected to result in new hybrid zones between closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Elfring
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R D H Barrett
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Combs
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - T J Davies
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center, Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - V Millien
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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98
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Schmickl R, Marburger S, Bray S, Yant L. Hybrids and horizontal transfer: introgression allows adaptive allele discovery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5453-5470. [PMID: 29096001 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolution has devised countless remarkable solutions to diverse challenges. Understanding the mechanistic basis of these solutions provides insights into how biological systems can be subtly tweaked without maladaptive consequences. The knowledge gained from illuminating these mechanisms is equally important to our understanding of fundamental evolutionary mechanisms as it is to our hopes of developing truly rational plant breeding and synthetic biology. In particular, modern population genomic approaches are proving very powerful in the detection of candidate alleles for mediating consequential adaptations that can be tested functionally. Especially striking are signals gained from contexts involving genetic transfers between populations, closely related species, or indeed between kingdoms. Here we discuss two major classes of these scenarios, adaptive introgression and horizontal gene flow, illustrating discoveries made across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Schmickl
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Marburger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Bray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Levi Yant
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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99
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Ding S, Mishra M, Wu H, Liang S, Miyamoto MM. Characterization of hybridization within a secondary contact region of the inshore fish, Bostrychus sinensis, in the East China Sea. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 120:51-62. [PMID: 29234169 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The northwest Pacific marginal seas are a primary center of phylogeographic and evolutionary research, because of their dynamic geographic history of falling and rising sea levels during the glaciations and interglaciations of the last one million years. Here we present new molecular and morphological data for geographic samples of the four-eyed sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis), which reinforce the evidence for secondary contact and hybridization between two phylogeographic lineages in the East China Sea. Specifically, we find that the secondary contact region is characterized by a low frequency of hybridization, where mitochondrial DNA introgression is relatively common, whereas F1 hybrids are correspondingly scarce. Furthermore, the adult standard lengths of the two phylogeographic lineages vary geographically in a manner that is consistent with reproductive character displacement. Collectively, the molecular and morphological data document that sleeper hybridization conforms to the classic "tension zone" model, where alleles are lost via reduced hybrid viability and/or positive assortative mating but are then replenished by dispersal from south of the secondary contact region. They also indicate that the two phylogeographic lineages are at an incipient stage of the speciation process. These results and conclusions for the four-eyed sleeper are presented as a case study for future research on the vicariance, secondary contact, and hybridization of marine groups in the northwest Pacific marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China. .,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China.
| | - Mrinal Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
| | - Haohao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361012, China
| | - Michael M Miyamoto
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
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100
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Miller MP, Mullins TD, Forsman ED, Haig SM. Genetic differentiation and inferred dynamics of a hybrid zone between Northern Spotted Owls ( Strix occidentalis caurina) and California Spotted Owls ( S. o. occidentalis) in northern California. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6871-6883. [PMID: 28904767 PMCID: PMC5587499 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic differentiation among Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) subspecies has been established in prior studies. These investigations also provided evidence for introgression and hybridization among taxa but were limited by a lack of samples from geographic regions where subspecies came into close contact. We analyzed new sets of samples from Northern Spotted Owls (NSO: S. o. caurina) and California Spotted Owls (CSO: S. o. occidentalis) in northern California using mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci to obtain a clearer depiction of genetic differentiation and hybridization in the region. Our analyses revealed that a NSO population close to the northern edge of the CSO range in northern California (the NSO Contact Zone population) is highly differentiated relative to other NSO populations throughout the remainder of their range. Phylogenetic analyses identified a unique lineage of mtDNA in the NSO Contact Zone, and Bayesian clustering analyses of the microsatellite data identified the Contact Zone as a third distinct population that is differentiated from CSO and NSO found in the remainder of the subspecies' range. Hybridization between NSO and CSO was readily detected in the NSO Contact Zone, with over 50% of individuals showing evidence of hybrid ancestry. Hybridization was also identified among 14% of CSO samples, which were dispersed across the subspecies' range in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The asymmetry of hybridization suggested that the hybrid zone may be dynamic and moving. Although evidence of hybridization existed, we identified no F1 generation hybrid individuals. We instead found evidence for F2 or backcrossed individuals among our samples. The absence of F1 hybrids may indicate that (1) our 10 microsatellites were unable to distinguish hybrid types, (2) primary interactions between subspecies are occurring elsewhere on the landscape, or (3) dispersal between the subspecies' ranges is reduced relative to historical levels, potentially as a consequence of recent regional fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Miller
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis OR USA
| | - Thomas D Mullins
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis OR USA
| | - Eric D Forsman
- USDA Forest ServicePacific Northwest Research Station Corvallis OR USA
| | - Susan M Haig
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis OR USA
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