51
|
Choi KS, Kim SH, Kim ED, Lee SH, Han SJ, Yoon S, Chang KT, Seo KY. Protection from hemolytic uremic syndrome by eyedrop vaccination with modified enterohemorrhagic E. coli outer membrane vesicles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100229. [PMID: 25032703 PMCID: PMC4102476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether eyedrop vaccination using modified outer membrane vesicles (mOMVs) is effective for protecting against hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection. Modified OMVs and waaJ-mOMVs were prepared from cultures of MsbB- and Shiga toxin A subunit (STxA)-deficient EHEC O157:H7 bacteria with or without an additional waaJ mutation. BALB/c mice were immunized by eyedrop mOMVs, waaJ-mOMVs, and mOMVs plus polymyxin B (PMB). Mice were boosted at 2 weeks, and challenged peritoneally with wild-type OMVs (wtOMVs) at 4 weeks. As parameters for evaluation of the OMV-mediated immune protection, serum and mucosal immunoglobulins, body weight change and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinin (Cr) were tested, as well as histopathology of renal tissue. In order to confirm the safety of mOMVs for eyedrop use, body weight and ocular histopathological changes were monitored in mice. Modified OMVs having penta-acylated lipid A moiety did not contain STxA subunit proteins but retained non-toxic Shiga toxin B (STxB) subunit. Removal of the polymeric O-antigen of O157 LPS was confirmed in waaJ-mOMVs. The mice group vaccinated with mOMVs elicited greater humoral and mucosal immune responses than did the waaJ-mOMVs and PBS-treated groups. Eyedrop vaccination of mOMVs plus PMB reduced the level of humoral and mucosal immune responses, suggesting that intact O157 LPS antigen can be a critical component for enhancing the immunogenicity of the mOMVs. After challenge, mice vaccinated with mOMVs were protected from a lethal dose of wtOMVs administered intraperitoneally, conversely mice in the PBS control group were not. Collectively, for the first time, EHEC O157-derived mOMV eyedrop vaccine was experimentally evaluated as an efficient and safe means of vaccine development against EHEC O157:H7 infection-associated HUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sub Choi
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang city, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangchul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- The National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KYS); (KTC)
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Hospital, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KYS); (KTC)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Momen-Heravi F, Balaj L, Alian S, Mantel PY, Halleck AE, Trachtenberg AJ, Soria CE, Oquin S, Bonebreak CM, Saracoglu E, Skog J, Kuo WP. Current methods for the isolation of extracellular vesicles. Biol Chem 2014; 394:1253-62. [PMID: 23770532 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are nano- to micron-sized vesicles, which may deliver bioactive cargos that include lipids, growth factors and their receptors, proteases, signaling molecules, as well as mRNA and non-coding RNA, released from the cell of origin, to target cells. EVs are released by all cell types and likely induced by mechanisms involved in oncogenic transformation, environmental stimulation, cellular activation, oxidative stress, or death. Ongoing studies investigate the molecular mechanisms and mediators of EVs-based intercellular communication at physiological and oncogenic conditions with the hope of using this information as a possible source for explaining physiological processes in addition to using them as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers in a variety of diseases. A major limitation in this evolving discipline is the hardship and the lack of standardization for already challenging techniques to isolate EVs. Technical advances have been accomplished in the field of isolation with improving knowledge and emerging novel technologies, including ultracentrifugation, microfluidics, magnetic beads and filtration-based isolation methods. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances in methods of isolation methods and production of clinical grade EVs as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and the justification for their support and the challenges that they encounter.
Collapse
|
53
|
Acevedo R, Fernández S, Zayas C, Acosta A, Sarmiento ME, Ferro VA, Rosenqvist E, Campa C, Cardoso D, Garcia L, Perez JL. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications. Front Immunol 2014; 5:121. [PMID: 24715891 PMCID: PMC3970029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were developed more than 20 years ago against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. These nano-sized structures exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune responses and delivery of meningococcal antigens or unrelated antigens incorporated into the vesicle structure. This paper reviews different applications in OMV Research and Development (R&D) and provides examples of OMV developed and evaluated at the Finlay Institute in Cuba. A Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) process was developed at the Finlay Institute to produce OMV from N. meningitidis serogroup B (dOMVB) using detergent extraction. Subsequently, OMV from N. meningitidis, serogroup A (dOMVA), serogroup W (dOMVW), and serogroup X (dOMVX) were obtained using this process. More recently, the extraction process has also been applied effectively for obtaining OMV on a research scale from Vibrio cholerae (dOMVC), Bordetella pertussis (dOMVBP), Mycobacterium smegmatis (dOMVSM), and BCG (dOMVBCG). The immunogenicity of the OMV has been evaluated for specific antibody induction, and together with functional bactericidal and challenge assays in mice has shown their protective potential. dOMVB has been evaluated with non-neisserial antigens, including with a herpes virus type 2 glycoprotein, ovalbumin, and allergens. In conclusion, OMV are proving to be more versatile than first conceived and remain an important technology for development of vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Baker JL, Chen L, Rosenthal JA, Putnam D, DeLisa MP. Microbial biosynthesis of designer outer membrane vesicles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 29:76-84. [PMID: 24667098 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale proteoliposomes that are ubiquitously secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. Interest in these bioparticles has escalated over the years, leading to discoveries regarding their composition, production, and vaccine potential. Given that many steps in vesicle biogenesis are 'engineerable,' it is now possible to tailor OMVs for specific applications. Such tailoring involves modifying the OMV-producing bacterium through protein, pathway, or genome engineering in a manner that specifically alters the final OMV product. For example, targeted deletion or upregulation of genes associated with the cell envelope can modulate vesicle production or remodel the composition of vesicle components such as lipopolysaccharide. Likewise, bacteria can be reprogrammed to incorporate heterologously expressed proteins into either the membrane or lumenal compartment of OMVs. We anticipate that further research in the field of OMV engineering will enable continued design and biosynthesis of specialized vesicles for numerous biotechnological purposes ranging from the delivery of vaccines to the deconstruction of cellulosic substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Baker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Linxiao Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph A Rosenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Putnam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Camacho A, Irache J, de Souza J, Sánchez-Gómez S, Gamazo C. Nanoparticle-based vaccine for mucosal protection against Shigella flexneri in mice. Vaccine 2013; 31:3288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
56
|
Camacho AI, Irache JM, Gamazo C. Recent progress towards development of a Shigella vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:43-55. [PMID: 23256738 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The burden of dysentery due to shigellosis among children in the developing world is still a major concern. A safe and efficacious vaccine against this disease is a priority, since no licensed vaccine is available. This review provides an update of vaccine achievements focusing on subunit vaccine strategies and the forthcoming strategies surrounding this approach. In particular, this review explores several aspects of the pathogenesis of shigellosis and the elicited immune response as being the basis of vaccine requirements. The use of appropriate Shigella antigens, together with the right adjuvants, may offer safety, efficacy and more convenient delivery methods for massive worldwide vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
|
57
|
Mitra S, Chakrabarti MK, Koley H. Multi-serotype outer membrane vesicles of Shigellae confer passive protection to the neonatal mice against shigellosis. Vaccine 2013; 31:3163-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
58
|
Camacho A, Souza-Rebouças J, Irache J, Gamazo C. Towards a non-living vaccine against Shigella flexneri: From the inactivation procedure to protection studies. Methods 2013; 60:264-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
59
|
Ziegenbalg A, Prados-Rosales R, Jenny-Avital ER, Kim RS, Casadevall A, Achkar JM. Immunogenicity of mycobacterial vesicles in humans: identification of a new tuberculosis antibody biomarker. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:448-55. [PMID: 23562367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for active tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. Mycobacteria produce membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain concentrated immune-modulatory factors that are released into the host. We evaluated the human immune responses to BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis MVs to characterize the antibody responses and identify potentially novel TB biomarkers. Serological responses to MVs were evaluated by ELISAs and immunoblots with sera from 16 sputum smear-positive, 12 smear-negative HIV uninfected pulmonary TB patients and 16 BCG vaccinated Tuberculin skin-test positive controls with and without latent tuberculosis infection. MVs from both BCG and M. tuberculosis induced similar responses and were strongly immunogenic in TB patients but not in controls. Several MV-associated antigens appear to induce robust antibody responses, in particular the arabinomanan portion of the cell wall glycolipid lipoarabinomannan. Three proteins at ≈ 36, 25, and 23 kDa were simultaneously recognized by sera from 16/16 smear-positive, 9/12 smear-negative TB patients and 0/16 controls. These results provide promise and encouragement that antibody responses to proteins enriched in MVs of pathogenic mycobacteria may constitute a novel TB biomarker signature that could have diagnostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ziegenbalg
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Bell IR, Schwartz GE, Boyer NN, Koithan M, Brooks AJ. Advances in Integrative Nanomedicine for Improving Infectious Disease Treatment in Public Health. Eur J Integr Med 2013; 5:126-140. [PMID: 23795222 PMCID: PMC3685499 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases present public health challenges worldwide. An emerging integrative approach to treating infectious diseases is using nanoparticle (NP) forms of traditional and alternative medicines. Advantages of nanomedicine delivery methods include better disease targeting, especially for intracellular pathogens, ability to cross membranes and enter cells, longer duration drug action, reduced side effects, and cost savings from lower doses. METHODS We searched Pubmed articles in English with keywords related to nanoparticles and nanomedicine. Nanotechnology terms were also combined with keywords for drug delivery, infectious diseases, herbs, antioxidants, homeopathy, and adaptation. RESULTS NPs are very small forms of material substances, measuring 1-100 nanometers along at least one dimension. Compared with bulk forms, NPs' large ratio of surface-area-to-volume confers increased reactivity and adsorptive capacity, with unique electromagnetic, chemical, biological, and quantum properties. Nanotechnology uses natural botanical agents for green manufacturing of less toxic NPs. DISCUSSION Nanoparticle herbs and nutriceuticals can treat infections via improved bioavailability and antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Recent studies demonstrate that homeopathic medicines may contain source and/or silica nanoparticles because of their traditional manufacturing processes. Homeopathy, as a form of nanomedicine, has a promising history of treating epidemic infectious diseases, including malaria, leptospirosis and HIV/AIDS, in addition to acute upper respiratory infections. Adaptive changes in the host's complex networks underlie effects. CONCLUSIONS Nanomedicine is integrative, blending modern technology with natural products to reduce toxicity and support immune function. Nanomedicine using traditional agents from alternative systems of medicine can facilitate progress in integrative public health approaches to infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris R. Bell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Nursing, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine (Integrative Medicine), the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Gary E. Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine (Integrative Medicine), the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Mary Koithan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Nursing, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine (Integrative Medicine), the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Audrey J. Brooks
- Department of Psychology, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine (Integrative Medicine), the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
New technologies in developing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors. Microb Pathog 2012; 58:17-28. [PMID: 23142647 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) vectors producing recombinant gene-encoded protective antigens should have special traits. These features ensure that the vaccines survive stresses encountered in the gastrointestinal tract following oral vaccination to colonize lymphoid tissues without causing disease symptoms and to result in induction of long-lasting protective immune responses. We recently described ways to achieve these goals by using regulated delayed in vivo attenuation and regulated delayed in vivo antigen synthesis, enabling RASVs to efficiently colonize effector lymphoid tissues and to serve as factories to synthesize protective antigens that induce higher protective immune responses. We also developed some additional new strategies to increase vaccine safety and efficiency. Modification of lipid A can reduce the inflammatory responses without compromising the vaccine efficiency. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Salmonella-containing heterologous protective antigens can be used to increase vaccine efficiency. A dual-plasmid system, possessing Asd+ and DadB+ selection markers, each specifying a different protective antigen, can be used to develop multivalent live vaccines. These new technologies have been adopted to develop a novel, low-cost RASV synthesizing multiple protective pneumococcal protein antigens that could be safe for newborns/infants and induce protective immunity to diverse Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes after oral immunization.
Collapse
|
62
|
Berlanda Scorza F, Colucci AM, Maggiore L, Sanzone S, Rossi O, Ferlenghi I, Pesce I, Caboni M, Norais N, Di Cioccio V, Saul A, Gerke C. High yield production process for Shigella outer membrane particles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35616. [PMID: 22701551 PMCID: PMC3368891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria naturally shed particles that consist of outer membrane lipids, outer membrane proteins, and soluble periplasmic components. These particles have been proposed for use as vaccines but the yield has been problematic. We developed a high yielding production process of genetically derived outer membrane particles from the human pathogen Shigella sonnei. Yields of approximately 100 milligrams of membrane-associated proteins per liter of fermentation were obtained from cultures of S. sonnei ΔtolR ΔgalU at optical densities of 30-45 in a 5 L fermenter. Proteomic analysis of the purified particles showed the preparation to primarily contain predicted outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. These were highly immunogenic in mice. The production of these outer membrane particles from high density cultivation of bacteria supports the feasibility of scaling up this approach as an affordable manufacturing process. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of using this process with other genetic manipulations e.g. abolition of O antigen synthesis and modification of the lipopolysaccharide structure in order to modify the immunogenicity or reactogenicity of the particles. This work provides the basis for a large scale manufacturing process of Generalized Modules of Membrane Antigens (GMMA) for production of vaccines from gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Maggiore
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Sanzone
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Omar Rossi
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Pesce
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Allan Saul
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
| | - Christiane Gerke
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|