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Cao L, Mou S, Fang W, Qi C, Chang X, Gu L, Qian J, Ni Z. Correlational studies on insulin resistance and leptin gene polymorphisms in peritoneal dialysis patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:878-86. [PMID: 26523220 PMCID: PMC4620187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 1, 2011 to August 1, 2011, patients who received chronic PD were chosen and divided into three groups (DM, high HOMR-IR, and low HOMR-IR). Two PCR products of LEP were sequenced and aligned and the distribution of polymorphisms was analyzed using χ(2) analysis. In addition, serum leptin level, PD conditions, and biochemical parameters according to different genotype of G-2548A and A19G were statistically analyzed (P-value<0.05). The relationship between LEP gene polymorphisms and prognosis was explored. RESULTS Totally 157 patients with average age of 55±15 years old were chosen. Distribution of genotype frequencies was complied with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Leptin level and BMI (body mass index) of the GG genotype of G-2548A were higher than that of GA or AA. The fasting glucose, cholesterol, etc. of AA genotype were lower, and the nPCR was higher than the two other genotypes. Serum leptin level and BMI of AA genotype of A19G was higher than GA and GG genotypes; meanwhile, fasting blood glucose of that genotypes was the highest. In addition, survival rate of AA group of A19G was very low. CONCLUSION The G-2548A and A19G polymorphisms were correlated with serum leptin level and IR. Leptin A19G polymorphism may be prognostic for PD patients. This study may facilitate early intervention for IR in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liou Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojun Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinbei Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Center for Peritoneal Dialysis Research, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author: Zhaohui Ni. 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China, 200127. Tel/Fax: +86-021-68383121; +86-021-68383124;
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Painter SD, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA. The weight of obesity on the human immune response to vaccination. Vaccine 2015; 33:4422-9. [PMID: 26163925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high success of protection against several infectious diseases through effective vaccines, some sub-populations have been observed to respond poorly to vaccines, putting them at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. In particular, the limited data concerning the effect of obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy suggests that obesity is a factor that increases the likelihood of a poor vaccine-induced immune response. Obesity occurs through the deposition of excess lipids into adipose tissue through the production of adipocytes, and is defined as a body-mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m(2). The immune system is adversely affected by obesity, and these "immune consequences" raise concern for the lack of vaccine-induced immunity in the obese patient requiring discussion of how this sub-population might be better protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Painter
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, USA.
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Yoshida K, Nakashima E, Kubo Y, Yamaoka M, Kajimura J, Kyoizumi S, Hayashi T, Ohishi W, Kusunoki Y. Inverse associations between obesity indicators and thymic T-cell production levels in aging atomic-bomb survivors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91985. [PMID: 24651652 PMCID: PMC3961282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of the naive T-cell population represents a deteriorating state in the immune system that occurs with advancing age. In animal model studies, obesity compromises the T-cell immune system as a result of enhanced adipogenesis in primary lymphoid organs and systemic inflammation. In this study, to test the hypothesis that obesity may contribute to the aging of human T-cell immunity, a thousand atomic-bomb survivors were examined for obesity status and ability to produce naive T cells, i.e., T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) numbers in CD4 and CD8 T cells. The number of TRECs showed a strong positive correlation with naive T cell numbers, and lower TREC numbers were associated with higher age. We found that the TREC number was inversely associated with levels of obesity indicators (BMI, hemoglobin A1c) and serum CRP levels. Development of type-2 diabetes and fatty liver was also associated with lower TREC numbers. This population study suggests that obesity with enhanced inflammation is involved in aging of the human T-cell immune system. Given the fact that obesity increases the risk of numerous age-related diseases, attenuated immune competence is a possible mechanistic link between obesity and disease development among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Eiji Nakashima
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kubo
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamaoka
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Kajimura
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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