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Cogo E, Elsayed M, Liang V, Cooley K, Guerin C, Psihogios A, Papadogianis P. Probiotics Evaluation in Oncological Surgery: A Systematic Review of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing 21 Diverse Formulations. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5192-5214. [PMID: 34940074 PMCID: PMC8700227 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectives were to evaluate probiotics safety and efficacy in oncological surgery. METHODS Systematic review methodology guided by Cochrane, PRISMA, SWiM, and CIOMS. Protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018086168). RESULTS 36 RCTs (on 3305 participants) and 6 nonrandomized/observational studies were included, mainly on digestive system cancers. There was evidence of a beneficial effect on preventing infections, with 70% of RCTs' (21/30) direction of effect favoring probiotics. However, five RCTs (17%) favored controls for infections, including one trial with RR 1.57 (95% CI: 0.79, 3.12). One RCT that changed (balanced) its antibiotics protocol after enrolling some participants had mortality risk RR 3.55 (95% CI: 0.77, 16.47; 7/64 vs. 2/65 deaths). The RCT identified with the most promising results overall administered an oral formulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 + Lactobacillus plantarum + Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 + Saccharomyces boulardii. Methodological quality appraisals revealed an overall substantial risk-of-bias, with only five RCTs judged as low risk-of-bias. CONCLUSIONS This large evidence synthesis found encouraging results from most formulations, though this was contrasted by potential harms from a few others, thus validating the literature that "probiotics" are not homogeneous microorganisms. Given microbiome developments and infections morbidity, further high-quality research is warranted using those promising probiotics identified herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Cogo
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Vivian Liang
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- School of Public Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
- Pacific College of Health Sciences, San Diego, CA 92108, USA
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christilynn Guerin
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Athanasios Psihogios
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- The Centre for Health Innovation, 429 MacLaren St., Ottawa, ON K2P 0M7, Canada
| | - Peter Papadogianis
- Patterson Institute for Integrative Oncology Research, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave. E., Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada; (E.C.); (M.E.); (V.L.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
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Natale NR, Kent M, Fox N, Vavra D, Lambert K. Neurobiological effects of a probiotic-supplemented diet in chronically stressed male Long-Evans rats: Evidence of enhanced resilience. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:207-215. [PMID: 34849506 PMCID: PMC8607205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics that regulate the microbiome-gut-brain axis and provide mental health benefits to the host are referred to as psychobiotics. Preclinical studies have demonstrated psychobiotic effects on early life stress-induced anxiety- and depression-related behavior in rodents; however, the specific mechanisms remain ill-defined. In the current study, we investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on neurobiological responses to chronic stress in adult male Long-Evans rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to probiotic (PB) or vehicle control (VEH) groups, then to either chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) or no-stress control (CON) conditions within each group (n = 6/subgroup). We hypothesized that PB supplementation would reduce markers of anxiety and enhance emotional resilience, especially in the CUS animals. In the cognitive uncertainty task, a nonsignificant trend was observed indicating that the PB-supplemented animals spent more time oriented toward the food reward than VEH animals. In the open-field task, CUS-PB animals spent more time in the center of the arena than CUS-VEH animals, an effect not observed between the two CON groups. In the swim task, the PB animals, regardless of stress assignment, exhibited increased floating, suggesting a conserved response in a challenging context. Focusing on the endocrine measures, higher dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-to-corticosterone fecal metabolite ratios, a correlate of emotional resilience, were observed in PB animals. Further, PB animals exhibited reduced microglia immunoreactivity in the basolateral amygdala, possibly indicating a neuroprotective effect of PB supplements in this rodent model. These results provide evidence that PB supplementation interacts with stress exposure to influence adaptive responses associated with endocrine, neural, and behavioral indices of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R. Natale
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Molly Kent
- Dept of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Nathan Fox
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Dylan Vavra
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Dept of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, USA
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Thangamani S, Monasky R, Lee JK, Antharam V, HogenEsch H, Hazbun TR, Jin Y, Gu H, Guo GL. Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121030. [PMID: 34947012 PMCID: PMC8708873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice. Treatment with TCA significantly reduced mRNA expression of immune genes ang4 and Cxcr3 in the colon. In addition, TCA significantly decreased the relative abundance of three culturable species of commensal bacteria, Turicibacter sanguinis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Clostridium celatum, in both cecal contents and mucosal scrapings from the colon. Taken together, our results indicate that TCA promotes fungal colonization and dissemination of CA from the GI tract by controlling the host defense system and intestinal microbiota that play a critical role in regulating CA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
| | - Ross Monasky
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Vijay Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Yan Jin
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 33199, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Kar B, Bhuyan SK, Ghosh G, Rath G. Clinical Interventions and Budding Applications of Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Viral Infections. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:122-130. [PMID: 34690010 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the period, viral infections remain the utmost challenge in front of the scientific community. Continuous shifting and drafting of viral antigenic peptides are the main drivers in the development of antiviral drug resistance. The resurgence of disease, difficulties facing the development of an effective vaccine and undesirable immunological outcomes, foster to develop an alternative therapeutic approach to combat viral infections. Biomimetic nature of viral particles competent to invade the host cell by downregulating the expression of immune responsive cells. To revive from such complications, strengthening the innate immunity places first and foremost defense mechanisms to restrict viral infiltration. Variegated probiotic strains show antiviral activity by stimulating the macrophage and dendritic cell to secret the inflammation response mediated chemokines and cytokines, production of antimicrobial peptides, and biosurfactants, modulate the antiviral gens expression, alter the proportional functionality of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs), etc. With the appreciation for the antiviral activity and health benefits, however, the selectivity of specific probiotic strain from the diversified microbiome, the interactive molecular mechanism of probiotics, viability and sustainability of a specific number of a probiotic strain at the end of the shelf life, stability, selection of the formulation materials, identification and validation of the key process parameters have the major challenges for the development of an effective probiotic therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Prativa Biswasroy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Bhuyan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan University, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Odisha, India.
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Xu J, Becker AAMJ, Luo Y, Zhang W, Ge B, Leng C, Wang G, Ding L, Wang J, Fu X, Janssens GPJ. The Fecal Microbiota of Dogs Switching to a Raw Diet Only Partially Converges to That of Wolves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701439. [PMID: 34659139 PMCID: PMC8511826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet compared with their ancestor wolves. Diet is a key element to shape gut microbial populations in a direct way as well as through coevolution with the host. We investigated the dynamics in the gut microbiota of dogs when shifting from a starch-rich, processed kibble diet to a nature-like raw meat diet, using wolves as a wild reference. Six healthy wolves from a local zoo and six healthy American Staffordshire Terriers were included. Dogs were fed the same commercial kibble diet for at least 3 months before sampling at day 0 (DC), and then switched to a raw meat diet (the same diet as the wolves) for 28 days. Samples from the dogs were collected at day 1 (DR1), week 1 (DR7), 2 (DR14), 3 (DR21), and 4 (DR28). The data showed that the microbial population of dogs switched from kibble diet to raw diet shifts the gut microbiota closer to that of wolves, yet still showing distinct differences. At phylum level, raw meat consumption increased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes at DR1, DR7, DR14, and DR21 (q < 0.05) compared with DC, whereas no differences in these two phyla were observed between DC and DR28. At genus level, Faecalibacterium, Catenibacterium, Allisonella, and Megamonas were significantly lower in dogs consuming the raw diet from the first week onward and in wolves compared with dogs on the kibble diet. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed a higher abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Lactobacillus in dogs fed kibble diet compared with dogs fed raw diet for 28 days and wolves. In addition, wolves had greater unidentified Lachnospiraceae compared with dogs irrespective of the diets. These results suggested that carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria give way to protein fermenters when the diet is shifted from kibble to raw diet. In conclusion, some microbial phyla, families, and genera in dogs showed only temporary change upon dietary shift, whereas some microbial groups moved toward the microbial profile of wolves. These findings open the discussion on the extent of coevolution of the core microbiota of dogs throughout domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Anne A M J Becker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenfu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Bingqian Ge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Chunqing Leng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Guyue Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Limin Ding
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Geert P J Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Yuan M, Chen X, Su T, Zhou Y, Sun X. Supplementation of Kiwifruit Polyphenol Extract Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage and Inflammation via Reshaping Gut Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:702157. [PMID: 34527688 PMCID: PMC8435571 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired intestinal integrity and barrier function is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome. In recent years, plant-derived polyphenols have attracted much attention on regulating intestinal barrier function. Kiwifruit was recorded as a traditional Chinese medicine which can treat gastrointestinal diseases, but the mechanism was still unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of kiwifruit polyphenol extracts (KPE) on high fat diet induced intestinal permeability and its possible mechanism. Results: Dietary supplementation of KPE with 50 or 100 mg/kg bw could inhibit the increase of intestinal permeability caused by HFD and promote the expression of tight junction protein (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1). From microbial diversity and RT-PCR, KPE administration reshaping gut microbiome, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were increased, and the relative abundance of Clostridium and Desulfovibrionaceae were decreased. The changes in microbe may influence intestinal inflammatory status. Then the expression of TLRs and cytokines were detected. KPE supplementation showed anti-inflammatory effect, the expression of IL-10 was increased and the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of tight junction protein was negative correlation with TLR-2, TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-1β expression, but positively correlated with Bacteroidete, Bifidobacterium and IL-10 expression; the expression of Bacteroidete, Lactobacillusand and Bifidobacterium were negative correlation with TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression. Conclusion: KPE treatment relieve the intestinal damage caused by HFD, which was related to the regulation of Bacteroidete, Lactobacillusand, and Bifidobacterium expression and inhibit intestinal inflammation. KPE could be a functional component for preventing gut damage and its related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianxia Su
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Fernández-Ciganda S, Fraga M, Zunino P. Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:804-815. [PMID: 34390476 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early microbial colonization is a determinant factor in animal health, and probiotic administration has been demonstrated to modulate intestinal microbiota and promote health in dairy calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in calves' fecal microbiota after the administration of two probiotic lactobacilli strains that had previously exhibited beneficial effects in calves' health in relation to neonatal calf diarrhea. An in vivo assay was performed with 30 newborn male Holstein calves that were divided into three groups. Two groups were orally administered with two different lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B), and the third was the control group. Calves (5 to 9 days old) were administered with freeze-dried bacteria once a day for 10 consecutive days. Feces samples were taken before the first administration (day 0) and then again on days 10 and 21, and the V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq 250 paired-end platform. The administration of both strains significantly affected the total bacterial community composition, and the effect lasted for 11 days after the last dose. In particular, amplicon sequence variants related to Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia genera were significantly higher in both treated groups. Therefore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota is a potential mechanism of action behind the beneficial effects of these probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Fernández-Ciganda
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay.
| | - Martín Fraga
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA-LE), Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Asaithambi N, Singh SK, Singha P. Current status of non-thermal processing of probiotic foods: A review. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tan-Lim CSC, Esteban-Ipac NAR, Recto MST, Castor MAR, Casis-Hao RJ, Nano ALM. Comparative effectiveness of probiotic strains on the prevention of pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1255-1270. [PMID: 33811784 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic skin disease affecting the pediatric population. Probiotics have been proposed to be effective in preventing the development of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Although studies show promise for the use of probiotics, the evidence is still inconclusive due to significant heterogeneity and imprecision. OBJECTIVE To determine the comparative effectiveness of the different types of probiotic strains in preventing the development of atopic dermatitis among pediatric patients. METHODOLOGY A systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, TRIP Database, and Centre for Research and Dissemination was conducted. Manual search of the reference lists and search for unpublished articles were also done. All randomized controlled trials available from inception until April 12, 2020, on the use of probiotics in the prevention of atopic dermatitis among children were included. The comparator groups considered are other probiotic strains and placebo. The primary outcome of interest was the development of atopic dermatitis. Two authors independently searched for articles, screened the articles for inclusion, appraised the articles using the Cochrane risk of bias tool version 2, and extracted the data. In case of disagreement, the two authors discussed the source of disagreement until consensus was reached. If consensus was not reached, an independent third party reviewer was consulted. Frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The ranking probabilities and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values were obtained to determine ranking of the different probiotic strains based on efficacy and safety data. RESULTS We included 21 original studies represented by 35 records and a total of 5406 children with atopic dermatitis as diagnosed by clinicians or fulfillment of validated diagnostic criteria. All studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials. The top 3 probiotic preparations in terms of efficacy in reducing the risk of atopic dermatitis are Mix8 (Lactobacillus paracasei ST11, Bifidobacterium longum BL999), LP (Lactobacillus paracasei ssp paracasei F19) and Mix3 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis Bb-12). Mix8 compared with placebo probably reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis based on low-quality evidence (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.85). Mix3 compared with placebo also probably reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis based on low-quality evidence (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.94). It is uncertain whether LP compared with placebo reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis due to very-low-quality certainty of evidence (RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.20-1.19). In terms of adverse events, LGG may slightly lead to less adverse events compared with placebo based on low-quality evidence (RR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.32-1.52). Mix4 may slightly lead to more adverse events compared with placebo based on low-quality evidence (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.02-51.88). Based on subgroup analysis of studies involving infants, Mix3 compared with placebo probably reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis based on low-quality evidence (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.97). In the subgroup analysis of studies where probiotics were administered to pregnant women and to infants, LRH compared with placebo probably reduces the risk of atopic dermatitis based on moderate-quality evidence (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.26-1.11). CONCLUSION Certain probiotic preparations demonstrate efficacy in reducing the risk of developing atopic dermatitis when administered to pregnant women, infants, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Stephanie C Tan-Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines Manila - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Natasha Ann R Esteban-Ipac
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marysia Stella T Recto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines Manila - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Anne R Castor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines Manila - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Roxanne J Casis-Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines Manila - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aimee Lou M Nano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of the Philippines Manila - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
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Assessment of In Ovo Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum on Performance, Ileal Histomorphometry, Blood Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters of Broilers. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:439-450. [PMID: 31025259 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is one of the most promising probiotics which was recently used as an alternative growth promoter in poultry. This trial was considered to evaluate the potential effects of in ovo administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum on growth performance and biochemical parameters of broilers. Three hundred broiler breeder eggs were incubated and candled individually at day 17 of embryogenesis; then, eggs that had live embryos were randomly divided into six groups. The first and second groups were of intact (without injection) and vehicle-injected (sterile distilled water) control groups, respectively. Other groups were in ovo injected with 1 × 109 and 1 × 107 CFU B. bifidum, and 1 × 109 and 1 × 107 CFU B. longum, respectively. Hatchability was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by in ovo inoculation of bifidobacteria strains. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (P = 0.014 and 0.019, respectively) in all treatment groups. Protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly altered by bifidobacteria strains in ovo injection. Regarding ileal histomorphometry parameters, a significant elevation in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio values were recorded while crypt depth was insignificantly affected by in ovo treatments. It could be concluded that the tested manual method of in-yolk sac injection at day 17 of incubation is more favorable in easier delivering of bifidobacteria strains which improve broiler growth performance and ileal development without any undesirable effects on blood indices and liver and renal functions.
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Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643206. [PMID: 34267745 PMCID: PMC8276037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security. While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology. High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness. In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves. We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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62
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Zhao J, Huang Y, Yu X. A Narrative Review of Gut-Muscle Axis and Sarcopenia: The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1263-1273. [PMID: 33880058 PMCID: PMC8053521 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease related to aging, chronic inflammation, insufficient nutrition, and physical inactivity. Previous studies have suggested that there is a relationship between sarcopenia and gut microbiota,namely, the gut-muscle axis. The present review highlights that the gut microbiota can affect muscle mass and muscle function from inflammation and immunity,substance and energy metabolism, endocrine and insulin sensitivity, etc., directly or indirectly establishing a connection with sarcopenia, thereby realizing the “gut-muscle axis”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhao
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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63
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Nejatbakhsh F, Zareian MA, Yaseliani M, Abolhassani H. Evidence-Based Immunotherapeutic Effects of Herbal Compounds on Humoral Immunity: Ancient and New Approaches. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:313-320. [PMID: 33759045 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system represents a dynamic multiscale system with high complexity in biology. Humoral immunity, as the main branch of adaptive immunity, is characterized by differentiated stages of the B lymphocytes, producing the final product of antibodies that has a diversity of the tuning mechanisms within genetic and epigenetic levels in confrontation with environmental exposures. Disorders because of disturbed humoral immunity are linked with dysregulation of feedback-regulated signaling and the dynamic of immune components that determine the overall response. Food products, mainly herbal components have a significant role in tailoring the immune system micro-ecosystem which can diversify the adaptive nature of humoral immunity. Herein, we review the current evidence-based approaches for the impact of medicinal herbs on humoral immunity signaling and antibody production with a focus on immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zareian
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yaseliani
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran. .,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
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Lactobacillus animalis pZL8a: a potential probiotic isolated from pig feces for further research. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:132. [PMID: 33680697 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen a potential anti-diarrheal probiotic for pigs to meet the growing demand for antibiotic alternatives in livestock. Six intestinal pathogens, Escherichia coli (O157: H7) ATCC 43888, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Shigella boydii ATCC 9207, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus ZSY2 were employed as indicator bacteria. Our result showed that Lactobacillus animalis pZL8a isolated from pig feces had extensive and higher antibacterial activity against indicator pathogens among 9 tested strains. In addition, valuable attributes of pZL8a such as great tolerance of low pH (3.0) and bile salts (0.3%), high-level adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and similar susceptibility to the reference strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were observed. Compared with control, pZL8a supplement significantly improved the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mouse serum. Therefore, L. animalis pZL8a was proposed as a potential probiotic for further research and hope to reduce or replace the application of antibiotics in animal production.
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65
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Afchangi A, Latifi T, Jalilvand S, Marashi SM, Shoja Z. Combined use of lactic-acid-producing bacteria as probiotics and rotavirus vaccine candidates expressing virus-specific proteins. Arch Virol 2021; 166:995-1006. [PMID: 33533975 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lower efficacy of currently approved live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing countries, a new approach to the development of safe mucosally administered live bacterial vectors is being considered, using probiotic bacteria as an efficient delivery platform for heterologous RV antigens. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are considered food-grade bacteria and normal microbiota, have been utilized throughout history as probiotics and developed since the 1990s as a delivery system for recombinant heterologous proteins. Over the last decade, LAB have frequently been used as a platform for the delivery of various RV antigens to the mucosa. Given the appropriate safety profile for neonates and providing the benefits of probiotics, recombinant LAB-based vaccines could potentially address the need for a subunit RV vaccine. The present review focuses mainly on different recombinant LAB vaccine constructs for RV and their potential as an alternative recombinant vaccine against RV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afchangi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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66
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Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse community of microbes, fungi, archaea, and viruses. In addition to occupying the same enteric niche, recent evidence suggests that microbes and viruses can act synergistically and, in some cases, promote disease. In this review, we focus on the disease-promoting interactions of the gut microbiota and rotavirus, norovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, and astrovirus. Microbes and microbial compounds can directly interact with viruses, promote viral fitness, alter the glycan structure of viral adhesion sites, and influence the immune system, among other mechanisms. These interactions can directly and indirectly affect viral infection. By focusing on microbe–virus interplay, we hope to identify potential strategies for targeting offending microbes and minimizing viral infection.
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67
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Cao Y, Liu J, Zhu W, Qin N, Ren X, Zhu B, Xia X. Impact of dietary components on enteric infectious disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4010-4035. [PMID: 33455435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diets impact host health in multiple ways and an unbalanced diet could contribute to the initiation or progression of a variety of diseases. Although a wealth of information exists on the connections between diet and chronic metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, etc., how diet influences enteric infectious disease still remain underexplored. The review summarizes the current findings on the link between various dietary components and diverse enteric infectious diseases. Dietary ingredients discussed include macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), and other dietary ingredients (phytonutrients and probiotic supplements). We first describe the importance of enteric infectious diseases and the direct and indirect relationship between diet and enteric infectious diseases. Then we discuss the effects of different dietary components on the susceptibility to or progression of enteric infectious disease. Finally, we delineate current knowledge gap and highlighted future research directions. The literature review revealed that different dietary components affect host resistance to enteric infections through a variety of mechanisms. Dietary components may directly inhibit or bind to enteric pathogens, or indirectly influence enteric infections through modulating immune function and gut microbiota. Elucidating the unique repercussions of different diets on enteric infections in this review may help provide dietary guidelines or design dietary interventions to prevent or alleviate enteric infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Prevalence of Rotaviruses in the Etiology of Acute Diarrhea in Young Children, Clinical forms, Extraintestinal Manifestations and Complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 41:23-30. [PMID: 33500370 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus is highly contagious factor with dominant feces-oral transmission. Because it is stable in external environment, transmission clusters are possible by close contact, ingestion of contaminated water or food or contact with contaminated surfaces. It survives within hours and days on hands and contaminated surfaces. This makes it the most common enteric and nosocomial pathogen in the world, especially in early childhood. In addition to the rapid dehydration with pronounced electrolyte disturbances, numerous extraintestinal possibilities have been recorded in the clinical picture, which emphasizes the need for prevention of this disease.In the period from 1.02.2018 to 31.01.2020 at the Clinic for Infectious diseases were treated 1060 patients with diarrheal disease, of which 502 children (47.36%). Rotavirus etiology was confirmed in 23.30% of the children. According to the protocols, laboratory and biochemical investigations were done to all 117 children, with tracking parameters and their dynamics of admission and discharge from the hospital. Most of the children, 84 (82.0 6%) are from urban areas, with a more confirmed epidemiological survey of 59 (42.00%). The average age of the children was 8 months, with a small percentage of children on maternal food (breastfed 25, i.e. 21.37%), with high febrile admission in 99% of children with an average temperature of 38.5oC and an average febrile duration of 4 days, with an average of 7 (+ 2.49) of stools and 5 (+ 2.12) of vomiting. There was a significant difference in hematocrit, leukocyte, electrolyte, glycaemia, and CRP values on admission and discharge. There was predominant isonatremic dehydration, and the compensatory mechanisms followed by the values of the electrolytes ABS, Ph, BE showed a tendency to maintain within the physiological limits. The clinical picture of extraintestinal manifestations included bronchitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, upper respiratory infections and rash.Rotavirus infection is a serious health and economic problem in our country, so it needs continuous prevention and monitoring in order to reduce the incidence, and thus the need for hospitalization and cure of rotavirus disease.
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69
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Kim H, Jeon B, Kim WJ, Chung DK. Effect of paraprobiotic prepared from Kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K8 on skin moisturizing activity in human keratinocyte. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Kornspan D, Zahavi T, Salmon-Divon M. The Acidic Stress Response of the Intracellular Pathogen Brucella melitensis: New Insights from a Comparative, Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091016. [PMID: 32872264 PMCID: PMC7563570 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella must cope with acidic stress as they penetrate the host via the gastrointestinal route, and again during the initial stages of intracellular infection. A transcription-level regulation has been proposed to explain this but the specific molecular mechanisms are yet to be determined. We recently reported a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the attenuated vaccine Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 against the virulent strain 16M in cultures grown under either neutral or acidic conditions. Here, we re-analyze the RNA-seq data of 16M from our previous study and compare it to published transcriptomic data of this strain from both an in cellulo and an in vivo model. We identify 588 genes that are exclusively differentially expressed in 16M grown under acidic versus neutral pH conditions, including 286 upregulated genes and 302 downregulated genes that are not differentially expressed in either the in cellulo or the in vivo model. Of these, we highlight 13 key genes that are known to be associated with a bacterial response to acidic stress and, in our study, were highly upregulated under acidic conditions. These genes provide new molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying the acid-resistance of Brucella within its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kornspan
- Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-1745
| | - Tamar Zahavi
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (T.Z.); (M.S.-D.)
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (T.Z.); (M.S.-D.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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71
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The influence of the gut microbiome on obesity. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2020; 32:504-510. [PMID: 32658171 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with multiple environmental and genetic factors, which when combined contribute to the maintenance of an elevated body weight, thereby reducing long-term success of weight loss. The human gut microbiome is becoming a new potential contributor to obesity. Specifically, gut bacteria and their metabolites are known to affect dysbiosis, metabolism, endotoxemia, and inflammation. Many environmental and lifestyle factors can alter the gut microbiota affecting obesity. Potential therapies to alter the gut microbiota include supplementation with probiotic organisms and the use of fecal microbiota transplantation. This review will examine the growing evidence supporting the mechanisms with which the human gut microbiota may influence obesity, various influences on the microbiota, and potential therapies.
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72
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Lowe JR, Briggs AM, Whittle S, Stephenson MD. A systematic review of the effects of probiotic administration in inflammatory arthritis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 40:101207. [PMID: 32771911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically identify and appraise evidence of the formulation specific effects and population specific responses of probiotics in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies utilising probiotics in populations with inflammatory arthritis. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method was used to conduct the systematic review. A single reviewer undertook screening and data extraction. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of evidence using JBI tools. RESULTS The search identified 5876 unique articles, with 154 potentially relevant full text articles retrieved. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review, of which ten (83%) were randomised control trials (RCT) and two (17%) were quasi-experimental studies. Four studies included a variety of spondyloarthopathies (SpAs) and eight studies focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Probiotics were supplied for a median of 60 days and mode of 56 days across all included studies (range 7-365 days). Overall, 17 different probiotics were supplied in colony forming units (CFU) per 24 hrs ranging from 1 × 108 to 2.25 × 1011. The order of probiotics supplied to the most participants and across the most studies was Lactobacillales. There was no statistical difference in the relative risk (RR) of minor adverse events between probiotic and control groups (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.51) when including nil event studies. Meta-analysis identified a statistically significant benefit of probiotics on quality of life with a standard mean difference (SMD) of -0.37 (95% CI -0.59,-0.15) with subgroup analysis favouring Lactobacillales-only formulations. Small but statistically significant reductions in pain were identified, with a mean difference (MD) of -8.97 (95% CI-15.38, -2.56) on a 100mm visual analogue scale, independent of formulation. Meta-analysis confirmed the known statistically significant benefit of probiotics on the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration MD (mg/L) -2.33 (95% CI -4.26, -0.41), with subgroup analysis demonstrating a greater effect in RA and from combined Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales formulations. CONCLUSION This review indicates there may be differential benefits to combined formulations of Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales compared to purely Lactobacillales formulations, with respect to reducing pain, lowering CRP and improving quality of life. It also suggests variable benefits associated with the type of inflammatory arthritis. Relatively less benefit for lowering CRP was attributed to individuals with SpA compared to individuals with RA. Generalisability of results to clinical practice is limited by the dominant demographic of older individuals with established disease beyond the 'therapeutic window of intervention'. Small but statistically significant benefits require confirmation in clinical studies with greater consideration to potentially confounding factors of age, gender, diet and individual microbial signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Lowe
- Joanna Briggs Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Sam Whittle
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Intermingling of gut microbiota with brain: Exploring the role of probiotics in battle against depressive disorders. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109489. [PMID: 33233143 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric ailment which exerts disastrous effects on one's mental and physical health. Depression is accountable for augmentation of various life-threatening maladies such as neurodegenerative anomalies, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Depressive episodes are recurrent, pose a negative impact on life quality, decline life expectancy and enhance suicidal tendencies. Anti-depression chemotherapy displays marked adverse effects and frequent relapses. Thus, newer therapeutic interventions to prevent or combat depression are desperately required. Discovery of gut microbes as our mutualistic partner was made a long time ago and it is surprising that their functions still continue to expand and as of yet many are still to be uncovered. Experimental studies have revealed astonishing role of gut commensals in gut-brain signaling, immune homeostasis and hormonal regulation. Now, it is a well-established fact that gut microbes can alleviate stress or depression associated symptoms by modulating brain functions. Here in, we provide an overview of physiological alleyways involved in cross-talk between gut and brain, part played by probiotics in regulation of these pathways and use of probiotic bacteria as psychobiotics in various mental or depressive disorders.
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74
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Roberts A, Barrangou R. Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:523-537. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As a phenotypically and phylogenetically diverse group, lactic acid bacteria are found in a variety of natural environments and occupy important roles in medicine, biotechnology, food and agriculture. The widespread use of lactic acid bacteria across these industries fuels the need for new and functionally diverse strains that may be utilized as starter cultures or probiotics. Originally characterized in lactic acid bacteria, CRISPR-Cas systems and derived molecular machines can be used natively or exogenously to engineer new strains with enhanced functional attributes. Research on CRISPR-Cas biology and its applications has exploded over the past decade with studies spanning from the initial characterization of CRISPR-Cas immunity in Streptococcus thermophilus to the use of CRISPR-Cas for clinical gene therapies. Here, we discuss CRISPR-Cas classification, overview CRISPR biology and mechanism of action, and discuss current and future applications in lactic acid bacteria, opening new avenues for their industrial exploitation and manipulation of microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Roberts
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Genomic Sciences Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7566, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Genomic Sciences Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7566, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Cantú-Bernal S, Domínguez-Gámez M, Medina-Peraza I, Aros-Uzarraga E, Ontiveros N, Flores-Mendoza L, Gomez-Flores R, Tamez-Guerra P, González-Ochoa G. Enhanced Viability and Anti-rotavirus Effect of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum in Combination With Chlorella sorokiniana in a Dairy Product. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:875. [PMID: 32477300 PMCID: PMC7236592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera are associated with human beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of Chlorella sorokiniana on Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum viability in a dairy product (flan) and its microbial effect against rotavirus, which is one of the major diarrhea-causing pathogens worldwide. Microalge were isolated from a Mexican river and characterized by molecular tools. Their prebiotic activity was evaluated by determining Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum shelf-life after incorporation in the food matrix. In addition, HT-29 cells were infected with rotavirus Wa and treated with 1 × 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum and B. longum metabolites alone or in combination with 1 × 109 cells/mL Chlorella sorokiniana; viral titers in probiotics- and/or microalgae-treated cells were evaluated for antiviral activity. Results indicated that C. sorokiniana not only significantly (p < 0.05) improved L. plantarum and B. longum viability in flan, but also increased their antiviral activity; potent anti-rotavirus effect of C. sorokiniana alone was observed. Although more studies are needed, results suggest that incorporation of this microalga into a dairy product confers enhanced viability and antiviral effects, which indicates that C. sorokiniana might be used as an ingredient to design products with additional health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servando Cantú-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Maribel Domínguez-Gámez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Ivana Medina-Peraza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elizama Aros-Uzarraga
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Noé Ontiveros
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Lilian Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe González-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
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Codipilly CN, Koppel A, Ranasinghe O, Roffe S, Ahn S, Navarathna M, Abeyweera N, Coors C, Purushotham A, Kamoga R, Schanler RJ. Effects of human milk fortifier properties on intrinsic probiotic bacteria. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:179-183. [PMID: 31874102 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background To meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants, multicomponent nutrient fortifiers are added to human milk. The fortified human milk (FHM) product changes the physical and biochemical characteristics of the milk. We questioned whether such physical-chemical changes in the milk would alter intrinsic probiotic bacterial activity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of osmolality and pH on the growth of probiotic bacterial species intrinsic to human milk. Methods Human milk samples (n = 26) were collected from mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and stored at -20°C until analyzed. The samples were thawed and divided into three portions. Human milk fortifiers (HMFs) were added to two portions to prepare concentrations of FHM. The remaining portion was the unfortified control sample. Each sample was then divided into two parts. One part (baseline) was used to measure the osmolality and pH and plated on selective agar to enumerate the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species. The remaining part was incubated at 37°C for 24 h to further test bacterial integrity (post-incubation) and then the same measurements were made (osmolality, pH, bacterial colony counts). Results When compared with unfortified milk at baseline, osmolality increased and pH decreased significantly after the addition of HMFs. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria colony counts did not differ among the groups pre-incubation. Post-incubation lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased in all the groups. Conclusion The appropriate addition of HMFs differentially affected the osmolality and pH of the milk. These physical changes did not affect the growth of probiotic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Champa N Codipilly
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Adira Koppel
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Oneli Ranasinghe
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Roffe
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Seungjun Ahn
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Malithi Navarathna
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nishmi Abeyweera
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Callie Coors
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Amika Purushotham
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ronnie Kamoga
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Schanler
- Lilling Family Neonatal Research Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.,Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Mousavi Khaneghah A, Abhari K, Eş I, Soares MB, Oliveira RB, Hosseini H, Rezaei M, Balthazar CF, Silva R, Cruz AG, Ranadheera CS, Sant’Ana AS. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Le Noci V, Guglielmetti S, Arioli S, Camisaschi C, Bianchi F, Sommariva M, Storti C, Triulzi T, Castelli C, Balsari A, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L. Modulation of Pulmonary Microbiota by Antibiotic or Probiotic Aerosol Therapy: A Strategy to Promote Immunosurveillance against Lung Metastases. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3528-3538. [PMID: 30257213 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary immunological tolerance to inhaled particulates might create a permissive milieu for lung metastasis. Lung microbiota contribute to pulmonary tolerance; here, we explored whether its manipulation via antibiotic or probiotic aerosolization favors immune response against melanoma metastasis. In lungs of vancomycin/neomycin-aerosolized mice, a decrease in bacterial load was associated with reduced regulatory T cells and enhanced T cell and NK cell activation that paralleled a significant reduction of melanoma B16 lung metastases. Reduction of metastases also occurred in lungs transplanted with bacterial isolates from antibiotic-treated lungs. Aerosolized Lactobacillus rhamnosus strongly promoted immunity against B16 lung metastases as well. Furthermore, probiotics or antibiotics improved chemotherapy activity against advanced B16 metastases. Thus, we identify a role for lung microbiota in metastasis and show that its targeting via aerosolization is a therapy that can prevent metastases and enhance responses to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Le Noci
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Nutrizione e Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Nutrizione e Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chiara Camisaschi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chiara Storti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Immunotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
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Sun J, Li M, Tang Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Z. Effects of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fermentation product on the laying performance, egg quality, jejunal mucosal morphology and intestinal microbiota of hens. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:54-64. [PMID: 31562827 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa solid-state fermentation product (RSFP) on the laying performance, egg quality and intestinal microbial flora of hens. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 40-week-old Roman laying hens (n = 216) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: the control (CON) group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.5% fermentation substrate; the 0.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.0% fermentation substrate +0.5% RSFP; the 2.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +10.0% fermentation substrate +2.5% RSFP; and the 12.5% RSFP group, fed 87.5% basal diet +12.5% RSFP. The effect of each treatment was analysed in six replicates of nine hens. The experimental period was 31 days, which included a 3-day adaptation period. After 31 days of feeding, one hen from each replicate was randomly selected and killed, and the jejunum and digesta in the cecum were collected for the determination of the intestinal morphology and microbial flora respectively. Daily egg mass in the 2.5 and 12.5% RSFP groups and egg production and feed conversion ratio in the 12.5% RSFP group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The yolk colour was improved in hens fed RSFP-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Hens fed RSFP-supplemented diet showed a decrease in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Helicobacteraceae, Helicobacter and Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, but an increase in the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-001 in the cecum (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary RSFP supplementation improved the laying performance, egg quality and intestinal microflora of hens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Dietary supplementing diet with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa solid-state fermentation product, which is rich in carotenoids, improved the yolk colour and increased the carotenoid content, thereby improving the intestinal health of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Li
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Splichal I, Donovan SM, Splichalova Z, Neuzil Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Jenistova V, Killer J, Svejstil R, Skrivanova E, Splichalova A. Colonization of Germ-Free Piglets with Commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus mucosae, and Probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and Their Interference with Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080273. [PMID: 31434337 PMCID: PMC6722580 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoid Salmonellae are worldwide spread food-borne pathogens that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Their multi-drug resistances require alternative ways to combat this enteric pathogen. Mono-colonization of a gnotobiotic piglet gastrointestinal tract with commensal lactobacilli Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus mucosae and with probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and their interference with S. Typhimurium infection was compared. The impact of bacteria and possible protection against infection with Salmonella were evaluated by clinical signs, bacterial translocation, intestinal histology, mRNA expression of villin, claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin in the ileum and colon, and local intestinal and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10. Both lactobacilli colonized the gastrointestinal tract in approximately 100× lower density compare to E. coli Nissle and S. Typhimurium. Neither L. amylovorus nor L. mucosae suppressed the inflammatory reaction caused by the 24 h infection with S. Typhimurium. In contrast, probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 was able to suppress clinical signs, histopathological changes, the transcriptions of the proteins, and the inductions of the inflammatory cytokines. Future studies are needed to determine whether prebiotic support of the growth of lactobacilli and multistrain lactobacilli inoculum could show higher protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zdislava Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Svejstil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
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Vlasova AN, Takanashi S, Miyazaki A, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ. How the gut microbiome regulates host immune responses to viral vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:16-25. [PMID: 31163292 PMCID: PMC6863389 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-evolution of the microbiota and immune system has forged a mutually beneficial relationship. This relationship allows the host to maintain the balance between active immunity to pathogens and vaccines and tolerance to self-antigens and food antigens. In children living in low-income and middle-income countries, undernourishment and repetitive gastrointestinal infections are associated with the failure of oral vaccines. Intestinal dysbiosis associated with these environmental influences, as well as some host-related factors, compromises immune responses and negatively impacts vaccine efficacy. To understand how immune responses to viral vaccines can be optimally modulated, mechanistic studies of the relationship between the microbiome, host genetics, viral infections and the development and function of the immune system are needed. We discuss the potential role of the microbiome in modulating vaccine responses in the context of a growing understanding of the relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota, host related factors (including histo-blood group antigens) and resident immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Sayaka Takanashi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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Terpou A, Papadaki A, Lappa IK, Kachrimanidou V, Bosnea LA, Kopsahelis N. Probiotics in Food Systems: Significance and Emerging Strategies Towards Improved Viability and Delivery of Enhanced Beneficial Value. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1591. [PMID: 31337060 PMCID: PMC6683253 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the efficacy of probiotic bacteria exhibits paramount challenges that need to be addressed during the development of functional food products. Several factors have been claimed to be responsible for reducing the viability of probiotics including matrix acidity, level of oxygen in products, presence of other lactic acid bacteria, and sensitivity to metabolites produced by other competing bacteria. Several approaches are undertaken to improve and sustain microbial cell viability, like strain selection, immobilization technologies, synbiotics development etc. Among them, cell immobilization in various carriers, including composite carrier matrix systems has recently attracted interest targeting to protect probiotics from different types of environmental stress (e.g., pH and heat treatments). Likewise, to successfully deliver the probiotics in the large intestine, cells must survive food processing and storage, and withstand the stress conditions encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hence, the appropriate selection of probiotics and their effective delivery remains a technological challenge with special focus on sustaining the viability of the probiotic culture in the formulated product. Development of synbiotic combinations exhibits another approach of functional food to stimulate the growth of probiotics. The aim of the current review is to summarize the strategies and the novel techniques adopted to enhance the viability of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Terpou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Iliada K Lappa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Loulouda A Bosnea
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Dairy Department, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
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Peng Y, Shi Q, Wang Y, Zhang F, Ji Z, Zhang J. Dietary probiotics have different effects on the composition of fecal microbiota in farmed raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and silver fox (Vulpes vulpes fulva). BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:109. [PMID: 31126241 PMCID: PMC6534910 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry imposes a serious threat to both animal health and the environment. As a replacement for antibiotics, probiotic products have been widely used in livestock farming to promote growth of animals. However, no products specifically developed for farmed raccoon dogs and foxes are commercially available at the moment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed probiotics on farmed raccoon dogs and foxes. RESULTS Two feeding trials on farmed raccoon dogs and foxes were performed. A mixed probiotic preparation composed of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis was fed to these two canine species in order to assess whether such a mixed probiotics can be an alternative to antibiotics (control group). The body weight of raccoon dogs exhibited an increasing tendency with mixed probiotics administration, while that of foxes did not. The serum antioxidant activity was evaluated, and a significantly increase of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) was observed in both species. Illumina MiSeq was used for the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to compare the composition of fecal microbiota between the control and mixed probiotics groups. Although α-diversity did not change, β-diversity of the fecal microbiota showed a distinct dissimilarity between the control and probiotics groups of both raccoon dogs and foxes. Dietary mixed probiotics increased the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium in the fecal samples of raccoon dogs, and the genus Bacillus in the fecal samples of foxes. The different responses of raccoon dogs and foxes to probiotics might be the result of differences in the composition of the native gut microbiota of the two species. CONCLUSIONS The mixed probiotics preparation composed of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis could be an effective feed additive for the improvement of the health of farmed raccoon dogs, but it may not be suitable for foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Peng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qin Huangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qin Huangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Ji
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qin Huangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
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Morita E, Yokoyama H, Imai D, Takeda R, Ota A, Kawai E, Hisada T, Emoto M, Suzuki Y, Okazaki K. Aerobic Exercise Training with Brisk Walking Increases Intestinal Bacteroides in Healthy Elderly Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:E868. [PMID: 30999699 PMCID: PMC6520866 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of an exercise intervention on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy elderly women. Thirty-two sedentary women that were aged 65 years and older participated in a 12-week, non-randomized comparative trial. The subjects were allocated to two groups receiving different exercise interventions, trunk muscle training (TM), or aerobic exercise training (AE). AE included brisk walking, i.e., at an intensity of ≥ 3 metabolic equivalents (METs). The composition of the intestinal microbiota in fecal samples was determined before and after the training period. We also assessed the daily physical activity using an accelerometer, trunk muscle strength by the modified Kraus-Weber (K-W) test, and cardiorespiratory fitness by a 6-min. walk test (6MWT). K-W test scores and distance achieved during the 6MWT (6MWD) improved in both groups. The relative abundance of intestinal Bacteroides only significantly increased in the AE group, particularly in subjects showing increases in the time spent in brisk walking. Overall, the increases in intestinal Bacteroides following the exercise intervention were associated with increases in 6MWD. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training that targets an increase of the time spent in brisk walking may increase intestinal Bacteroides in association with improved cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Morita
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, 4-5-4 Higashiohda, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0012, Japan.
| | - Hisayo Yokoyama
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Daiki Imai
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Akemi Ota
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Osaka Electro-communication University, 1130-70 Kiyotaki, Shijonawate-shi, Osaka 575-0063, Japan.
| | - Eriko Kawai
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Hisada
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Company, Ltd., 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan.
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-Machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Parmanand BA, Kellingray L, Le Gall G, Basit AW, Fairweather-Tait S, Narbad A. A decrease in iron availability to human gut microbiome reduces the growth of potentially pathogenic gut bacteria; an in vitro colonic fermentation study. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:20-27. [PMID: 30831460 PMCID: PMC6546957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron supplements are widely consumed; however most of the iron is not absorbed and enters the colon where potentially pathogenic bacteria can utilise it for growth. This study investigated the effect of iron availability on human gut microbial composition and function using an in vitro colonic fermentation model inoculated with faecal microbiota from healthy adult donors, as well as examining the effect of iron on the growth of individual gut bacteria. Batch fermenters were seeded with fresh faecal material and supplemented with the iron chelator, bathophenanthroline disulphonic acid (BPDS). Samples were analysed at regular intervals to assess impact on the gut bacterial communities. The growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was significantly impaired when cultured independently in iron-deficient media. In contrast, depletion of iron did not affect the growth of the beneficial species, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, when cultured independently. Analysis of the microbiome composition via 16S-based metataxonomics indicated that under conditions of iron chelation, the relative abundance decreased for several taxa, including a 10% decrease in Escherichia and a 15% decrease in Bifidobacterium. Metabolomics analysis using 1 H-NMR indicated that the production of SCFAs was reduced under iron-limited conditions. These results support previous studies demonstrating the essentiality of iron for microbial growth and metabolism, but, in addition, they indicate that iron chelation changes the gut microbiota profile and influences human gut microbial homeostasis through both compositional and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika A Parmanand
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lee Kellingray
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; Intract Pharma, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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86
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The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Growth Parameters in Mild to Moderate FTT Children Aged 2–5 Years. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:119-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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87
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Guo JR, Dong XF, Liu S, Tong JM. High-throughput sequencing reveals the effect of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.921 on the cecal microbiota and gene expression in ileum mucosa of laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2543-2556. [PMID: 29897524 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.921 supplementation on the production performance, cecal microbiota and mucosal transcriptome of laying hens by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and RNA-seq. A total of 144 27-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allocated into two treatments, namely, a basal diet without additions (T0) and the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 108 cfu/g (T1) B. subtilis CGMCC 1.921, with six replicates of 12 birds in each for 24 weeks. The results showed that T1 significantly decreased feed:egg ratio compared with T0 (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis CGMCC 1.921 increased the Shannon index (P < 0.05) which indicated enhanced diversity of cecal microflora. An increasing trend in Observed species index (P = 0.072) was observed in hens fed with diets supplemented with B. subtilis CGMCC 1.921 that showed a higher species richness. And T1 modulated cecal microbiota by increasing the relative proportion of Alistipes, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Anaerotruncus, Ruminiclostridium 5, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Erysipelatoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Family XIII AD3011 group, Bacillus, Faecalicoccus, Firmicutes bacterium CAG822, Oxalobacter, and Dielma at genus level (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a tendency of increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P = 0.055), Anaerobiospirillum (P = 0.059) and Family XIII UCG-001 (P = 0.054), Peptococcus (P = 0.078), and Ruminococcaceae UCG-004 (P = 0.078). Moreover, heatmap analysis indicated that the abundance of Campylobacter and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was lower than T0. A total of 942 genes were identified by differential expression analysis, among which 400 genes were upregulated and 542 genes were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the upregulated genes were involved in Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, and galactose metabolism, which may promote nutrient absorption. This study provided novel insights into the probiotic mechanisms of B. subtilis on laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - X F Dong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - S Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J M Tong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
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88
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Yao R, Liu D, Jia X, Zheng Y, Liu W, Xiao Y. CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12a biotechnology and application in bacteria. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:135-149. [PMID: 30345399 PMCID: PMC6190536 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas technologies have greatly reshaped the biology field. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR-Cas with a particular focus on the associated technologies and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a, which have been most widely studied and used. We discuss the biological mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas as immune defense systems, recently-discovered anti-CRISPR-Cas systems, and the emerging Cas variants (such as xCas9 and Cas13) with unique characteristics. Then, we highlight various CRISPR-Cas biotechnologies, including nuclease-dependent genome editing, CRISPR gene regulation (including CRISPR interference/activation), DNA/RNA base editing, and nucleic acid detection. Last, we summarize up-to-date applications of the biotechnologies for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in various bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Xiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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89
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Whole fractions from probiotic bacteria induce in vitro Th17 responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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90
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Microbial Diversity: The Gap between the Estimated and the Known. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2175, SAR Room 125, North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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92
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Environmental Sources of Bacteria Differentially Influence Host-Associated Microbial Dynamics. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00052-18. [PMID: 29854953 PMCID: PMC5974334 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00052-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
These results provide valuable insights into the ecological influence of exogenous microbial exposure, as well as laying the foundation for improving aquarium management practices. By comparing data for dolphins from aquaria that use natural versus artificial seawater, we demonstrate the potential influence of aquarium water disinfection procedures on dolphin microbial dynamics. Host-associated microbial dynamics are influenced by dietary and immune factors, but how exogenous microbial exposure shapes host-microbe dynamics remains poorly characterized. To investigate this phenomenon, we characterized the skin, rectum, and respiratory tract-associated microbiota in four aquarium-housed dolphins daily over a period of 6 weeks, including administration of a probiotic during weeks 4 to 6. The environmental bacterial sources were also characterized, including the animals’ human handlers, the aquarium air and water, and the dolphins’ food supply. Continuous microbial exposure occurred between all sites, yet each environment maintained a characteristic microbiota, suggesting that the majority of exposure events do not result in colonization. Small changes in water physicochemistry had a significant but weak correlation with change in dolphin-associated bacterial richness but had no influence on phylogenetic diversity. Food and air microbiota were the richest and had the largest conditional influence on other microbiota in the absence of probiotics, but during probiotic administration, food alone had the largest influence on the stability of the dolphin microbiota. Our results suggest that respiratory tract and gastrointestinal epithelium interactions with air- and food-associated microbes had the biggest influence on host-microbiota dynamics, while other interactions, such as skin transmission, played only a minor role. Finally, direct oral stimulation with a foreign exogenous microbial source can have a profound effect on microbial stability. IMPORTANCE These results provide valuable insights into the ecological influence of exogenous microbial exposure, as well as laying the foundation for improving aquarium management practices. By comparing data for dolphins from aquaria that use natural versus artificial seawater, we demonstrate the potential influence of aquarium water disinfection procedures on dolphin microbial dynamics.
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93
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Long T, Yu ZJ, Wang J, Liu J, He BS. Orally Administered Chitooligosaccharides Modulate Colon Microbiota in Normal and Colitis Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.291.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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94
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Abstract
This narrative review summarises the benefits, risks and appropriate use of acid-suppressing drugs (ASDs), proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, advocating a rationale balanced and individualised approach aimed to minimise any serious adverse consequences. It focuses on current controversies on the potential of ASDs to contribute to infections-bacterial, parasitic, fungal, protozoan and viral, particularly in the elderly, comprehensively and critically discusses the growing body of observational literature linking ASD use to a variety of enteric, respiratory, skin and systemic infectious diseases and complications (Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, septicaemia and other). The proposed pathogenic mechanisms of ASD-associated infections (related and unrelated to the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, alterations of the gut microbiome and immunity), and drug-drug interactions are also described. Both probiotics use and correcting vitamin D status may have a significant protective effect decreasing the incidence of ASD-associated infections, especially in the elderly. Despite the limitations of the existing data, the importance of individualised therapy and caution in long-term ASD use considering the balance of benefits and potential harms, factors that may predispose to and actions that may prevent/attenuate adverse effects is evident. A six-step practical algorithm for ASD therapy based on the best available evidence is presented.
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95
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Chelliah R, Ramakrishnan SR, Prabhu PR, Antony U. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and probiotic properties of wild-strain Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from frozen idli batter. Yeast 2017; 33:385-401. [PMID: 27370793 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was undertaken to study the probiotic characteristics of Pichia kudriavzevii isolated from frozen idli batter. Polymerase chain reaction amplification with 18S rRNA primers confirmed Pichia kudriavzevii, a xylose-utilizing probiotic strain. It was resistant to physiological concentrations of bile salts, pepsin and pancreatic enzyme. It also showed efficient auto-aggregation as well as co-aggregation ability with four commercial probiotic yeasts and exhibited good hydrophobicity in xylene and toluene. The strain inhibited the growth of 13 enteropathogens and showed a commensal relationship with four commercial probiotic yeast and bacteria. Moreover, it was resistant to 30 antibiotics with different modes of action. The yeast exhibited thermotolerance up to 95 °C for 2 h. The cell-free supernatants were also found to be heat stable, indicating the presence of thermostable secondary metabolites. Hence it could be exploited as starter culture, co-culture or probiotic in the preparation of fermented products or incorporated in heatable foods as well. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Prince R Prabhu
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Usha Antony
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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96
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Abstract
Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago, rotavirus infections still result in >200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases.
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97
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Kheravii S, Swick R, Choct M, Wu SB. Dietary sugarcane bagasse and coarse particle size of corn are beneficial to performance and gizzard development in broilers fed normal and high sodium diets. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4006-4016. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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98
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Zhao R, Wang Y, Huang Y, Cui Y, Xia L, Rao Z, Zhou Y, Wu X. Effects of fiber and probiotics on diarrhea associated with enteral nutrition in gastric cancer patients: A prospective randomized and controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8418. [PMID: 29069041 PMCID: PMC5671874 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diarrhea is a common complication of enteral nutrition (EN), which affects recovery and prolongs the length of hospital stay (LOHS). To investigate the effect of fiber and probiotics in reducing diarrhea associated with EN in postoperative patients with gastric cancer (GC), the authors designed this prospective randomized-controlled trial. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study included 120 patients with GC, and the patients were classified into 3 groups via random picking of envelopes: fiber-free nutrition formula (FF group, n = 40), fiber-enriched nutrition formula (FE group, n = 40), and fiber- and probiotic-enriched nutrition formula (FEP group, n = 40). All patients were given EN formulas for 7 consecutive days after surgery. RESULTS The number of diarrhea cases was higher in the FF group than in the FE group (P = .007). The FEP group had a lower number of diarrhea cases compared with the FE group (P = .003). Patients in the FE group had a significantly shorter first flatus time than the FF group (P = .002). However, no significant difference was observed between the FE group and FEP group (P = .30). Intestinal disorders were similar between the FE group and FF group (P = .38). The FEP group had a lower number of intestinal disorder cases than the FF group (P = .03). LOHS in the FE and FEP groups was shorter than that in the FF group (P = .004; P < .001). However, no significant difference was observed between the FE and FEP groups (P = .28). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the 3 groups in terms of total lymphocyte count, albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin levels on day 7 of enteral feeding. CONCLUSIONS The combination of fiber and probiotics was significantly effective in treating diarrhea that is associated with EN in postoperative patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yaping Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Zhiyong Rao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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99
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Protein Malnutrition Alters Tryptophan and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Homeostasis and Adaptive Immune Responses in Human Rotavirus-Infected Gnotobiotic Pigs with Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Transplant. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017. [PMID: 28637803 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00172-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition leads to increased morbidity and is evident in almost half of all deaths in children under the age of 5 years. Mortality due to rotavirus diarrhea is common in developing countries where malnutrition is prevalent; however, the relationship between malnutrition and rotavirus infection remains unclear. In this study, gnotobiotic pigs transplanted with the fecal microbiota of a healthy 2-month-old infant were fed protein-sufficient or -deficient diets and infected with virulent human rotavirus (HRV). After human rotavirus infection, protein-deficient pigs had decreased human rotavirus antibody titers and total IgA concentrations, systemic T helper (CD3+ CD4+) and cytotoxic T (CD3+ CD8+) lymphocyte frequencies, and serum tryptophan and angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. Additionally, deficient-diet pigs had impaired tryptophan catabolism postinfection compared with sufficient-diet pigs. Tryptophan supplementation was tested as an intervention in additional groups of fecal microbiota-transplanted, rotavirus-infected, sufficient- and deficient-diet pigs. Tryptophan supplementation increased the frequencies of regulatory (CD4+ or CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+) T cells in pigs on both the sufficient and the deficient diets. These results suggest that a protein-deficient diet impairs activation of the adaptive immune response following HRV infection and alters tryptophan homeostasis.
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100
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Balasingham K, Valli C, Radhakrishnan L, Balasuramanyam D. Probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from swine intestine. Vet World 2017; 10:825-829. [PMID: 28831230 PMCID: PMC5553155 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.825-829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A study was conducted with the objective to isolate probiotic microorganisms from swine intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 63 isolates (24 caeca, 24 colon mucosal scrapings, and 15 rectal swab samples) were collected from Large White Yorkshire pigs. The isolates were inoculated and grown in de Man Rogosa Sharpe broth at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 48 h and subjected to morphological identification. Colonies having Gram-positive rods were selected for further physiological and biochemical identification tests, which were conducted in triplicate in two runs for each of the selected isolates using a standard protocol. Probiotic properties among the identified species were determined through the implementation of several tests related with pH tolerance, bile tolerance, and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Morphological identification revealed that only 23 isolates were Gram-positive rods. Physiological tests performed on these 23 isolates further revealed that four of them did not exhibit any growth, at all conditions studied. The rest 19 isolates were, therefore, selected and subjected to biochemical tests. Six isolates were rejected because they were oxidase and nitrate reduction positive. From the 13 isolates subjected to sugar fermentation tests, speciation of only two isolates could be ascertained, one of the isolates showed characteristics for Lactobacillus acidophilus and the other for Lactobacillus plantarum. These two isolates were assessed for the strain possessing maximum probiotic property, and it was inferred that both - L. plantarum and L. acidophilus could tolerate a wide pH range (2-9), a wide bile concentration (0.05-0.3%) and revealed antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp. CONCLUSION L. plantarum and L. acidophilus were isolated from swine intestine and were found to have good probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Balasingham
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. Valli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L. Radhakrishnan
- Central Feed Technology Unit, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Balasuramanyam
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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