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Kuan NL, Chang CW, Lee CA, Yeh KS. EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATES FROM THE URINE OF DOGS AND CATS SUSPECTED OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1682648515500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum [Formula: see text]-lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms often cause severe infections; they have only limited therapeutic alternatives and have emerged in both human and veterinary medicine. Companion animals have prolonged contact with humans and could serve as a reservoir for ESBL strains. Information regarding ESBL producers in companion animals is rather limited compared to that regarding humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen for ESBL producers in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis in urine samples collected from dogs and cats in which urinary tract infection was suspected in a veterinary teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. In addition, bla genes, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on these ESBL producers. From December 2011 to March 2013, disc tests of cefotaxime and ceftazidime, with and without clavulanic acid, were performed on 60 E. coli, 22 [Formula: see text]. pneumoniae, and 18 P. mirabilis samples isolated from urine; 2 E. coli and 5 K. pneumoniae samples with the ESBL phenotype were identified. CTX-M-15 was the most frequently found bla gene. CTX-M-14, SHV-11, SHV-12, and SHV-28 were also identified. MLST analysis did not detect a predominant ST type in either E. coli or [Formula: see text]. pneumoniae; nonetheless, K. pneumoniae ST15 and ST11, which are zoonotic agents of public health concern, were detected in our study. All ESBL-producing bacteria exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in companion animals underscores the importance of ESBL screening and epidemiological study in veterinary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Ling Kuan
- Biology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, 376 Chung-Cheng Road Tamsui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, No. 153, Section 3, Keelung Road Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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High prevalence of extended-spectrum and plasmidic AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from poultry in Tunisia. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 231:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu X, Thungrat K, Boothe DM. Occurrence of OXA-48 Carbapenemase and Other β-Lactamase Genes in ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Dogs and Cats in the United States, 2009-2013. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1057. [PMID: 27462301 PMCID: PMC4939299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) and carbapenemases among ESBL-producing multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli from dogs and cats in the United States. METHODS Of 2443 E.coli isolated from dogs and cats collected between August 2009 and January 2013, 68 isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing MDR ones. PCR and sequencing were performed to identify β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and shed light on the virulence gene profiles, phylogenetic groups and ST types. RESULTS Phylogenic group D and B2 accounted for 69.1% of the isolates. 50 (73.5%) isolates carried CTX-M ESBL gene, and the most predominant specific CTX-M subtype identified was bla CTX-M-15 (n = 33), followed by bla CTX-M-1 (n = 32), bla CTX-M-123 (n = 27), bla CTX-M-9 (n = 19) and bla CTX-M-14 (n = 19), and bla CTX-M-123 was firstly reported in E. coli isolates in the United States alone or in association. Other β-lactamase genes bla TEM, bla SHV, bla OXA-48, and bla CMY-2 were detected in 41.2, 29.4, 19.1, and 17.6% of 68 ESBL-producing MDR isolates, respectively. The bla TEM and bla SHV genes were classfied as ESBLs with the exception of the bla TEM-1 gene. Additionally, 42.6% (29/68) of isolates co-expressed bla CTX-M-15 and PMQR gene aac(6')-Ib-c. The overall occurrence of virulence genes ranged from 11.8 (ireA) to 88.2% (malX), and most of virulence genes were less frequent among CTX-M-producing isolates than non-CTX-M isolates with the exception of malX and iutA. The 68 isolates analyzed were assigned to 31 STs with six being novel. Three pandemic clonal lineages ST131 (n = 10), ST648 (n = 9), and ST405 (n = 9) accounted for more than 41% of the investigated isolates, and ST648 and ST405 of phylogenetic D were firstly reported in E. coli from dogs and cats in the United States. CONCLUSION bla CTX-M-123 of ESBLs and carbapenemase bla OXA-48 were firstly reported in ESBL-producing MDR E.coli from dogs and cats in the United States, and ST131, ST648, and ST405 were the predominant clonal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Kamoltip Thungrat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dawn M Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
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Timofte D, Maciuca IE, Williams NJ, Wattret A, Schmidt V. Veterinary Hospital Dissemination of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli ST410 in the United Kingdom. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:609-615. [PMID: 27314838 PMCID: PMC5073239 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in 32 Escherichia coli extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant clinical isolates from UK companion animals from several clinics. In addition, to investigate the possible dissemination of ESBL clinical isolates within a veterinary hospital, two ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from a dog with septic peritonitis and a cluster of environmental ESC-resistant E. coli isolates obtained from the same clinic and during the same time period, as these two particular ESBL-positive clinical isolates, were also included in the study. Molecular characterization identified blaCTX-M to be the most prevalent gene in ESC-resistant isolates, where 66% and 27% of clinical isolates carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14, respectively. The only PMQR gene detected was aac(6')-Ib-cr, being found in 34% of the ESC E. coli isolates and was associated with the carriage of blaCTX-M-15. The clinical and environmental isolates investigated for hospital dissemination had a common ESBL/AmpC phenotype, carried blaCTX-M-15, and co-harbored blaOXA-1,blaTEM-1,blaCMY-2, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. Multilocus sequence typing identified them all as ST410, while pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated 100% homology of clinical and environmental isolates, suggesting hospital environmental dissemination of CTX-M-15–producing E. coli ST410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Timofte
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Nicola J Williams
- 4 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wattret
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- 1 School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom .,2 Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yousfi M, Mairi A, Touati A, Hassissene L, Brasme L, Guillard T, De Champs C. Extended spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli fecal isolates from healthy companion animals in Algeria. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:431-5. [PMID: 27132028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of fecal carriage of Escherichia coli strains producing Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) isolated from healthy pets (dogs and cats) in Algeria. Fecal samples from 171 healthy pets (102 dogs and 69 cats) in one veterinary practice and private owners were included. After isolates identification, antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion procedure. ESBL were detected by combination disk tests. PCR and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding ESBLs and PMQR. Transfer of ESBL and PMQR genes was assessed by conjugation experiments. Phylogenetic groups of E. coli were determined by PCR. Of the 171 animals, 20 carried an ESBL producing E. coli giving a prevalence of ESBL fecal carriage of 11.7%. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefoxitin, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin and fosfomycine. For the rest of the tested β-lactams, susceptibility rates ranged from 35% to 70% for cefepime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid respectively. Concerning the non-beta-lactams antibiotics, the rates of susceptibility ranged between 5% to trimethoprim and 95% for chloramphenicol. The beta-lactamase genes identified in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. The PMQR determinants aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB5 genes were identified in 15 isolates. Transconjugants were obtained for two isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. coli isolates belong to commensal phylogroups of A and B1. We reported here for the first time in Algeria ESBL and PMQR-producing E. coli in healthy cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massilia Yousfi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Lila Hassissene
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Christophe De Champs
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
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Molecular Diagnostic Assays for the Detection and Control of Zoonotic Diseases. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nakamura A, Komatsu M, Noguchi N, Ohno Y, Hashimoto E, Matsutani H, Abe N, Fukuda S, Kohno H, Nakamura F, Matsuo S, Kawano S. Analysis of molecular epidemiologic characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli colonizing feces in hospital patients and community dwellers in a Japanese city. J Infect Chemother 2015; 22:102-7. [PMID: 26705747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are prevalent because of nosocomial infection. In addition, colonization of ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestinal tract of community dwellers due to the contamination of meat or environmental water is assumed to be one of the sources, but the causes have not been clarified. To analyze these factors, we investigated the difference in clonal groups using a combination of phylogenetic groups and multilocus sequence typing of ESBL-producing E. coli, which were obtained from the feces of an inpatient group in our hospital and a community-dwelling group living in a Japanese city. The carriage rate of ESBL-producing E. coli in the inpatient group was 12.5% (32/257), similar to that of 8.5% (42/496) in the community dwellers (P = 0.082). Of the ESBL clonal groups detected from the community dwellers, 52% (22/42) were clonal groups, including D-ST1485, D-ST70, D-ST2847, B2-ST550, B2-ST3510, A-ST93, A-ST580, A-ST716 and B1-ST2787, that have not been detected from human pathogens, meat, companion animals and environmental water, whereas all clonal groups detected from the inpatients were those that had already been reported. The rate of fluoroquinolone-resistant ESBL clonal groups colonizing the intestinal tract of the inpatient group rose as the number of hospital days increased. These results indicated that different factors were related to colonization of ESBL-producing E. coli in the feces of the inpatient group and the community-dwelling group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Japan; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Masaru Komatsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Noguchi
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohno
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Eriko Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsutani
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Abe
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kohno
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Damborg P, Morsing MK, Petersen T, Bortolaia V, Guardabassi L. CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli in dog faeces from public gardens. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:83. [PMID: 26608707 PMCID: PMC4660786 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are increasingly reported in dogs. The objective of this study was to provide data on the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dog faecal deposits in public gardens. Results A total of 209 faecal deposits collected in nine public gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark were screened by selective enrichment followed by plating on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. Presumptive ESBL-producing E. coli were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of common cefotaxime resistance determinants (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2). ESBL-producers were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution. Plasmids harbouring ESBL genes were characterized by S1 nuclease pulsed field gel electrophoresis, PCR-based replicon typing, and pMLST. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were detected in four (1.9 %) samples. Three samples harboured CTX-M-1-producing isolates, and one sample contained two CTX-M-15-producing isolates displaying distinct colony morphology. All isolates belonged to distinct sequence types (STs), including one E. coli lineage previously associated to a human-specific pathotype (ST59). blaCTX-M-1 was carried on IncI1 plasmids classified as ST3 or ST58 by pMLST, whereas blaCTX-M-15 was located on IncF/Y and non-typeable plasmids in the two strains isolated from the same sample. Conclusions The study shows that dog faeces are a vector for dissemination of CTX-M-producing E. coli within urban areas. The risk derived from human exposure to dog faeces in public gardens depends on the prevalence of these bacteria in the local dog population as well as on the owners’ practice to remove and dispose their dog’s faeces.
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First Report of OXA-181-Producing Escherichia coli in China and Characterization of the Isolate Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5022-5. [PMID: 26014927 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00442-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first OXA-181-producing strain in China. blaOXA-181 was found in sequence type 410 (ST410) Escherichia coli strain WCHEC14828 from a Chinese patient without recent travel history. Genome sequencing and conjugation experiments were performed. blaOXA-181 was carried on a 51-kb self-transmissible IncX3 plasmid and was linked with qnrS1, a quinolone resistance gene. blaOXA-181 was introduced onto the IncX3 plasmid from a ColE2-type plasmid, and IncX3 plasmids have the potential to mediate the dissemination of blaOXA-181.
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Meireles D, Leite-Martins L, Bessa LJ, Cunha S, Fernandes R, de Matos A, Manaia CM, Martins da Costa P. Molecular characterization of quinolone resistance mechanisms and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 41:43-8. [PMID: 25999092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistances is now a worldwide problem. Investigating the mechanisms by which pets harboring resistant strains may receive and/or transfer resistance determinants is essential to better understanding how owners and pets can interact safely. Here, we characterized the genetic determinants conferring resistance to β-lactams and quinolones in 38 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of dogs, through PCR and sequencing. The most frequent genotype included the β-lactamase groups TEM (n=5), and both TEM+CTX-M-1 (n=5). Within the CTX-M group, we identified the genes CTX-M-32, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55/79, CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-2/44. Thirty isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin presented two mutations in the gyrA gene and one or two mutations in the parC gene. A mutation in gyrA (reported here for the first time), due to a transversion and transition (TCG→GTG) originating a substitution of a serine by a valine in position 83 was also detected. The plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance gene, qnrs1, was detected in three isolates. Dogs can be a reservoir of genetic determinants conferring antimicrobial resistance and thus may play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance to humans and other co-habitant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Meireles
- Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Leite-Martins
- Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Clínica Veterinária, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J Bessa
- Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Cunha
- Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A de Matos
- Clínica Veterinária, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CECA - Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, ICETA - Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Martins da Costa
- Produção Aquática, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Kilani H, Abbassi MS, Ferjani S, Mansouri R, Sghaier S, Ben Salem R, Jaouani I, Douja G, Brahim S, Hammami S, Ben Chehida N, Boubaker IBB. Occurrence of bla CTX-M-1, qnrB1 and virulence genes in avian ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Tunisia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:38. [PMID: 26000252 PMCID: PMC4419849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide. Animal to human dissemination, via food chain or direct contact, of these resistant bacteria has been reported. In Tunisia, little is known about avian ESBL- producing E. coli and further studies are needed. Seventeen ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from poultry feces from two farms (Farm 1 and farm 2) in the North of Tunisia have been used in this study. Eleven of these isolates (from farm 1) have the same resistance profile to nalidixic acid, sulfonamides, streptomycin, tetracycline, and norfloxacine (intermediately resistant). Out of the six isolates recovered from farm 2, only one was co-resistant to tetracycline. All isolates, except one, harbored blaCTX-M-1 gene, and one strain co-harbored the blaTEM-1 gene. The genes tetA and tetB were carried, respectively, by 11 and 1 amongst the 12 tetracycline-resistant isolates. Sulfonamides resistance was encoded by sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in 3, 17, and 5 isolates, respectively. The qnrB1 was detected in nine strains, one of which co-harbored qnrS1 gene. The search for the class 1 and 2 integrons by PCR showed that in farm 1, class 1 and 2 integrons were found in one and ten isolates, respectively. In farm 2, class 1 integron was found in only one isolate, class 2 was not detected. Only one gene cassette arrangement was demonstrated in the variable regions (VR) of the 10 int2-positive isolates: dfrA1- sat2-aadA1. The size of the VR of the class 1 integron was approximately 250 bp in one int1-positive isolate, whereas in the second isolate, no amplification was observed. All isolates of farm 1 belong to the phylogroup A (sub-group A0). However, different types of phylogroups in farm 2 were detected. Each of the phylogroups A1, B22, B23 was detected in one strain, while the D2 phylogroup was found in 3 isolates. The virulence genes iutA, fimH, and traT were detected in 3, 7, and 3 isolates, respectively. Two types of gene combination were detected: iutA+fimH+traT in 3 isolates and iutA+fimH in one isolate. The isolates recovered in farm 1 showed the same profile of PFGE macro-restriction, while isolates of farm 2 presented unrelated PFGE patterns. We conclude that these avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates show homo- and heterogenic genetic background and that plasmids harboring ESBL genes could be involved in the dissemination of this resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Kilani
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ferjani
- LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Mansouri
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Regional Animal Health Center for North Africa (RAHC-NA) Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Senda Sghaier
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rakia Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Jaouani
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gtari Douja
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Brahim
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Ben Chehida
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- LR99ES09 Laboratoire de Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia ; Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Service de Microbiologie Tunis, Tunisia
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Schauss T, Glaeser SP, Gütschow A, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Improved detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in input and output samples of German biogas plants by a selective pre-enrichment procedure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119791. [PMID: 25799434 PMCID: PMC4370489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was investigated in input (manure from livestock husbandry) and output samples of six German biogas plants in 2012 (one sampling per biogas plant) and two German biogas plants investigated in an annual cycle four times in 2013/2014. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were cultured by direct plating on CHROMagar ESBL from input samples in the range of 100 to 104 colony forming units (CFU) per g dry weight but not from output sample. This initially indicated a complete elimination of ESBL-producing E. coli by the biogas plant process. Detected non target bacteria were assigned to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Achromobacter, Castellaniella, and Ochrobactrum. A selective pre-enrichment procedure increased the detection efficiency of ESBL-producing E. coli in input samples and enabled the detection in five of eight analyzed output samples. In total 119 ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from input and 46 from output samples. Most of the E. coli isolates carried CTX-M-type and/or TEM-type beta lactamases (94%), few SHV-type beta lactamase (6%). Sixty-four blaCTX-M genes were characterized more detailed and assigned mainly to CTX-M-groups 1 (85%) and 9 (13%), and one to group 2. Phylogenetic grouping of 80 E. coli isolates showed that most were assigned to group A (71%) and B1 (27%), only one to group D (2%). Genomic fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed a high clonal diversity with 41 BOX-types and 19 ST-types. The two most common ST-types were ST410 and ST1210. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 46 selected ESBL-producing E. coli revealed that several isolates were additionally resistant to other veterinary relevant antibiotics and some grew on CHROMagar STEC but shiga-like toxine (SLT) genes were not detected. Resistance to carbapenems was not detected. In summary the study showed for the first time the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in output samples of German biogas plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
| | - Alexandra Gütschow
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
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Baede VO, Wagenaar JA, Broens EM, Duim B, Dohmen W, Nijsse R, Timmerman AJ, Hordijk J. Longitudinal study of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in household dogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3117-24. [PMID: 25779568 PMCID: PMC4432141 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04576-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study was performed to (i) investigate the continuity of shedding of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs without clinical signs, (ii) identify dominant plasmid-mediated ESBL genes, and (iii) quantify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in feces. Fecal samples from 38 dogs were collected monthly for 6 months. Additional samples were collected from 7 included dogs on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Numbers of CFU per gram of feces for non-wild-type Enterobacteriaceae were determined by using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (MCC), and those for total Enterobacteriaceae were determined by using MacConkey agar. Cefotaxime-resistant isolates were screened by PCR and sequence analysis for the presence of bla(CTX-M), bla(CMY), bla(SHV), bla(OXA), and bla(TEM) gene families. Bacterial species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. PCR-negative isolates were tested by a double-disk synergy test for enhanced AmpC expression. A total of 259 samples were screened, and 126 samples were culture positive on MCC, resulting in 352 isolates, 327 of which were Escherichia coli. Nine dogs were continuously positive during this study, and 6 dogs were continuously negative. Monthly or weekly shifts in fecal shedding were observed for 23 dogs. Genotyping showed a large variety of ESBL genes and gene combinations at single and multiple consecutive sampling moments. The ESBL genes bla(CTX-M-1), bla(CTX-M-14), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(SHV-12), and bla(CMY-2) were most frequently found. The mean number of CFU of non-wild-type Enterobacteriaceae was 6.11 × 10(8) CFU/g feces. This study showed an abundance of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs in the Netherlands, mostly in high concentrations. Fecal shedding was shown to be highly dynamic over time, which is important to consider when studying ESBL epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie O Baede
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Els M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wietske Dohmen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Nijsse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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64
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Rocha-Gracia R, Cortés-Cortés G, Lozano-Zarain P, Bello F, Martínez-Laguna Y, Torres C. Faecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy dogs harbour CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 β-lactamases. Vet J 2015; 203:315-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
In 2008, a previously unknown Escherichia coli clonal group, sequence type 131 (ST131), was identified on three continents. Today, ST131 is the predominant E. coli lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates worldwide. Retrospective studies have suggested that it may originally have risen to prominence as early as 2003. Unlike other classical group B2 ExPEC isolates, ST131 isolates are commonly reported to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, such as CTX-M-15, and almost all are resistant to fluoroquinolones. Moreover, ST131 E. coli isolates are considered to be truly pathogenic, due to the spectrum of infections they cause in both community and hospital settings and the large number of virulence-associated genes they contain. ST131 isolates therefore seem to contradict the widely held view that high levels of antimicrobial resistance are necessarily associated with a fitness cost leading to a decrease in pathogenesis. Six years after the first description of E. coli ST131, this review outlines the principal traits of ST131 clonal group isolates, based on the growing body of published data, and highlights what is currently known and what we need to find out to provide public health authorities with better information to help combat ST131.
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66
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Varela AR, Macedo GN, Nunes OC, Manaia CM. Genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli from urban streams and municipal and hospital effluents. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv015. [PMID: 25764463 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, isolated from urban streams, wastewater treatment plants and hospital effluent between 2004 and 2012, were compared based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST), quinolone and beta-lactam resistance determinants and plasmid replicon type. Isolates from the different types of water and isolation dates clustered together, suggesting the persistence and capacity to propagate across distinct aquatic environments. The most prevalent MLST groups were ST10 complex and ST131. Almost all isolates (98%) carried mutations in the chromosomal genes gyrA and/or parC, and 10% possessed the genes qepA, aac(6('))-Ib-cr and/or qnrS1. Over 80% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics (MDR ≥ 3). The most prevalent beta-lactamase encoding gene was blaTEM, followed by blaCTX-M-15, co-existing with plasmid mediated quinolone resistance. The plasmid replicon types of the group IncF were the most prevalent and distributed by different MLST groups. The genes aac(6('))-Ib-cr and/or qnrS1 could be transferred by conjugation in combination with the genes blaTEM,blaSHV-12 or blaOXA-1 and the plasmid replicon types I1-Iγ, K, HI2 and/or B/O. The potential of multidrug resistant E. coli with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, harboring mobile genetic elements and with ability to conjugate and transfer resistance genes, to spread and persist across different aquatic environments was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Varela
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo N Macedo
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
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67
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Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from infections in dogs and cats in Poland (2007-2013). ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:408205. [PMID: 25667937 PMCID: PMC4312638 DOI: 10.1155/2015/408205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates associated with various types of infections in dogs and cats was determined. The studied isolates were most frequently susceptible to fluoroquinolones and the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), antimicrobials commonly used in treatment of infections in companion animals. However, an increase in the percentage of strains resistant to β-lactam antibiotics including ESCs was noted between January 2007 and December 2013. The frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolation (66.8% of isolates) is alarming. Moreover, the statistically significant increase of the percentage of MDR isolates was observed during the study period. No difference in the prevalence of multidrug resistance was found between bacteria causing intestinal and extraintestinal infections and between canine and feline isolates. Nonhemolytic E. coli isolates were MDR more often than hemolytic ones. Our study showed the companion animals in Poland as an important reservoir of MDR bacteria. These results indicate that continuous monitoring of canine and feline E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility is required. Furthermore, introduction and application of recommendations for appropriate use of antimicrobials in small animal practice should be essential to minimize the emergence of multidrug resistance among E. coli in companion animals.
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68
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Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of multidrug resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and cattle in Odisha, India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nebbia P, Tramuta C, Odore R, Nucera D, Zanatta R, Robino P. Genetic and phenotypic characterisation of Escherichia coli producing cefotaximase-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases: first evidence of the ST131 clone in cats with urinary infections in Italy. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:966-71. [PMID: 24621854 PMCID: PMC11104081 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14527103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cefotaximase (CTX-M)-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has increased dramatically in humans and animals since the middle of the last century. E coli that produce CTX-M β-lactamase represent a major cause of urinary tract infections, and pose a significant therapeutic challenge to both human and veterinary medicine. As data on uropathogenic CTX-M-producing strains in cats are limited, the aim of this study was to describe the genetic character and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of CTX-M-producing E coli isolated from cats with cystitis. Seven of 15 E coli bacteria isolated from 138 urine samples had the CTX-M gene and were therefore included in this study. These isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 14 extra-intestinal virulence factors, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and to identify their phylogenetic groups. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of the strains and susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method) were also performed. Virulence factor iutA was the most frequent determinant identified (86.7%), and the majority of CTX-M-producing strains (n = 5) carried class 1 integrons. MLST allowed us to discriminate four known sequence types (ST131, ST555, ST602, ST155) and three novel sequence types (ST3847, ST3848, ST4181). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report uropathogenic CTX-M-producing E coli ST131 in cats in Italy. Accurate diagnostics and prudent use of antimicrobials are recommended to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in veterinary medicine and to prevent their transmission to humans.
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70
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Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Domann E, Bauerfeind R, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T. Multiresistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from humans, companion animals and horses in central Hesse, Germany. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:187. [PMID: 25014994 PMCID: PMC4105247 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. This study focused on comparative molecular characterization of β-lactamase and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from central Hesse in Germany. Isolates originated from humans, companion animals (dogs and cats) and horses. RESULTS In this study 153 (83.6%) of the human isolates (n = 183) and 163 (91.6%) of the animal isolates (n = 178) were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and subsequent sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Predominant ESBL subtypes in human and animal samples were CTX-M-15 (49.3%) and CTX-M-1 (25.8%) respectively. Subtype blaCTX-M-2 was found almost exclusively in equine and was absent from human isolates. The carbapenemase OXA-48 was detected in 19 ertapenem-resistant companion animal isolates in this study. The Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene aac('6)-Ib-cr was the most frequently detected antibiotic- resistance gene present in 27.9% of the human and 36.9% of the animal ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Combinations of two or up to six different resistance genes (penicillinases, ESBLs and PMQR) were detected in 70% of all isolates investigated. The most frequent species in this study was Escherichia coli (74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.5%), and Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%). Investigation of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups revealed underrepresentation of group B2 within the animal isolates. CONCLUSIONS Isolates from human, companion animals and horses shared several characteristics regarding presence of ESBL, PMQR and combination of different resistance genes. The results indicate active transmission and dissemination of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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71
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Rubin JE, Pitout JD. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, carbapenemase and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Uteri Horn, Mouth, and Rectum of Bitches Suffering from Pyometra: Virulence Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Clonal Relationships among Strains. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:979584. [PMID: 24734047 PMCID: PMC3966421 DOI: 10.1155/2014/979584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyometra is recognized as one of the main causes of disease and death in the bitch, and Escherichia coli is the major pathogen associated with this disease. In this study, 70 E. coli isolates from the uteri horn, mouth, and rectum of bitches suffering from the disease and 43 E. coli isolates from the rectum of clinically healthy bitches were examined for the presence of uropathogenic virulence genes and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. DNA profiles of isolates from uteri horn and mouth in bitches with pyometra were compared by REP, ERIC, and BOX-PCR. Virulence gene frequencies detected in isolates from canine pyometra were as follows: 95.7% fim, 27.1% iss, 25.7% hly, 18.5% iuc, and 17.1% usp. Predominant resistance was determined for cephalothin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid among the isolates from all sites examined. Multidrug resistance was found on ∼50% pyometra isolates. Using the genotypic methods some isolates from uteri, pus, and saliva of the same bitch proved to have identical DNA profiles which is a reason for concern due to the close relationship between household pets and humans.
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73
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Qureshi ZA, Doi Y. Escherichia colisequence type 131: epidemiology and challenges in treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:597-609. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.899901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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74
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Trends in human fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the community: toward the globalization of CTX-M. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 26:744-58. [PMID: 24092853 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00023-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E) have become one of the main challenges for antibiotic treatment of enterobacterial infections, largely because of the current CTX-M enzyme pandemic. However, most studies have focused on hospitalized patients, though today it appears that the community is strongly affected as well. We therefore decided to devote our investigation to trends in ESBL-E fecal carriage rates and comprehensively reviewed data from studies conducted on healthy populations in various parts of the world. We show that (i) community ESBL-E fecal carriage, which was unknown before the turn of the millennium, has since increased significantly everywhere, with developing countries being the most affected; (ii) intercontinental travel may have emphasized and globalized the issue; and (iii) CTX-M enzymes, especially CTX-M-15, are the dominant type of ESBL. Altogether, these results suggest that CTX-M carriage is evolving toward a global pandemic but is still insufficiently described. Only a better knowledge of its dynamics and biology will lead to further development of appropriate control measures.
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75
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Ewers C, Bethe A, Stamm I, Grobbel M, Kopp PA, Guerra B, Stubbe M, Doi Y, Zong Z, Kola A, Schaufler K, Semmler T, Fruth A, Wieler LH, Guenther S. CTX-M-15-D-ST648 Escherichia coli from companion animals and horses: another pandemic clone combining multiresistance and extraintestinal virulence? J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1224-30. [PMID: 24398338 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discern the relevance of ST648 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli as a putative new group of multiresistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains in animals, its frequency, ESBL types, antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence gene (VG) profiles should be determined and compared with ST131 strains from the same collection of strains. METHODS ESBL-producing E. coli isolates (n = 1152), consecutively sampled from predominantly dogs, cats and horses between 2008 and 2011, were assigned to a phylogenetic group by PCR. Partial multilocus sequence typing was performed for group D and B2 strains and strains presumed to be D-ST648 and B2-ST131 were fully typed. ESBL genes and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)-like VGs were characterized by PCR and sequence analysis and antimicrobial resistance was determined by broth dilution. Clonal analysis was done by PFGE. RESULTS Forty (3.5%) ESBL-producing E. coli were determined as D-ST648, whereas B2-ST131 isolates occurred less frequently (2.8%). Although the predominant ESBL type in both groups was CTX-M-15 (72.5% versus 46.9%), ST648 strains from companion animals and horses displayed a lower variety of ESBL types (CTX-M-1, -3, -14, -15 and -61 versus CTX-M-1,-2,-14,-15,-27 and -55 and SHV-12). In contrast to ST131 strains, a higher proportion of ST648 strains showed resistance to most non-β-lactam antibiotics. Overall, VGs were less abundant in ST648 strains, although some strains had VG profiles comparable to those of ST131 strains. ExPEC-associated serotype O1:H6 was predominant (46.8%) among the ST648 strains. Some PFGE clusters comprised ST648 isolates from pets, horses and wild birds and humans included from previous studies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that certain subgroups of E. coli D-ST648-CTX-M may represent a novel genotype that combines multiresistance, extraintestinal virulence and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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76
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The first NDM metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolate in Poland: evolution of IncFII-type plasmids carrying the bla(NDM-1) gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:1203-7. [PMID: 24247128 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01197-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poland's first Enterobacteriaceae isolate producing the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) was identified in August 2011. Escherichia coli sequence type ST410 NDM-1 was cultured from a critically ill patient who had been transferred directly from the Congo. The blaNDM-1 gene was carried by conjugative IncFII-type plasmid pMC-NDM (87,619 bp), which showed structural similarity to plasmid pGUE-NDM, which was identified earlier in France in an E. coli ST131 isolate of Indian origin.
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Dahmen S, Haenni M, Châtre P, Madec JY. Characterization of blaCTX-M IncFII plasmids and clones of Escherichia coli from pets in France. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2797-801. [PMID: 23852541 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize bla(CTX-M) IncFII plasmids and clones of Escherichia coli from cats and dogs and to compare them with bla(CTX-M) IncFII plasmids reported in humans. METHODS From December 2006 to April 2010, 518 E. coli isolates from clinical infections in cats and dogs were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion and resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Plasmids were characterized using PCR-based replicon typing and sub-typing schemes, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization. Isolates were characterized by PFGE, phylogenetic grouping, O25b typing and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS Nineteen E. coli isolates (3.7%) produced ESBLs, of which 14 (74%) carried bla(CTX-M) IncFII plasmids. The bla(CTX-M) gene was predominant and located on F31:A4:B1, F36:A4:B1 or F36:A1:B20 plasmids, abundantly reported in humans. The bla(CTX-M) F22:A1:B20 or F2:A2:B20 plasmids were also found. Different sequence types (STs) were identified, such as ST10, ST410, ST359, ST617 and ST224. Only one E. coli isolate belonged to the ST131 E. coli clone and carried a bla(CTX-M) F2:A2:B20 plasmid. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known extensive study on ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from pets in France. The ST131 clone was rare. However, the predominance of human-like bla(CTX-M) IncFII plasmids suggests exchanges of these plasmids with the human reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Dahmen
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES Site de Lyon, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
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