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Adamu J, Owoade AA, Abdu PA, Kazeem HM, Fatihu MY. Characterization of field and vaccine infectious bursal disease viruses from Nigeria revealing possible virulence and regional markers in the VP2 minor hydrophilic peaks. Avian Pathol 2013; 42:420-33. [PMID: 23919308 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.822055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in vaccinated chicken flocks are frequent in Nigeria. For the control of infectious bursal disease, live vaccines based on foreign infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains are used. The present study investigated the phylogenetic relationship between field and vaccine IBDV strains from northwestern Nigeria. Thirty field IBDV strains and three commercial vaccines strains were characterized through sequencing the VP2 hypervariable region. In addition, the complete genome segment A coding region for two vaccines and two field strains was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences (position 212 to 331) of IBDV strains from Nigeria and other regions of the world were aligned and possible regional and virulence markers were identified associated with VP2 minor hydrophilic peaks. Reversion to virulence of a vaccine strain with a Q to L mutation at position 253 was observed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a unique cluster of northwest Nigerian field IBDV strains alone or related to imported characterized classical and very virulent IBDV vaccines. The results suggest that when IBDV strains spread from their region of origin to a different region they mutate alongside indigenous field strains but may retain their identity on the VP2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamu
- a Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria
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52
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Alfonso-Morales A, Martínez-Pérez O, Dolz R, Valle R, Perera CL, Bertran K, Frías MT, Majó N, Ganges L, Pérez LJ. Spatiotemporal Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Characterisation of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Based on the VP2 Hyper-Variable Region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65999. [PMID: 23805195 PMCID: PMC3689766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious bursal disease is a highly contagious and acute viral disease caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV); it affects all major poultry producing areas of the world. The current study was designed to rigorously measure the global phylogeographic dynamics of IBDV strains to gain insight into viral population expansion as well as the emergence, spread and pattern of the geographical structure of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains. Methodology/Principal Findings Sequences of the hyper-variable region of the VP2 (HVR-VP2) gene from IBDV strains isolated from diverse geographic locations were obtained from the GenBank database; Cuban sequences were obtained in the current work. All sequences were analysed by Bayesian phylogeographic analysis, implemented in the Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST), Bayesian Tip-association Significance testing (BaTS) and Spatial Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Evolutionary Dynamics (SPREAD) software packages. Selection pressure on the HVR-VP2 was also assessed. The phylogeographic association-trait analysis showed that viruses sampled from individual countries tend to cluster together, suggesting a geographic pattern for IBDV strains. Spatial analysis from this study revealed that strains carrying sequences that were linked to increased virulence of IBDV appeared in Iran in 1981 and spread to Western Europe (Belgium) in 1987, Africa (Egypt) around 1990, East Asia (China and Japan) in 1993, the Caribbean Region (Cuba) by 1995 and South America (Brazil) around 2000. Selection pressure analysis showed that several codons in the HVR-VP2 region were under purifying selection. Conclusions/Significance To our knowledge, this work is the first study applying the Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction approach to analyse the emergence and spread of vvIBDV strains worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roser Dolz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Valle
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Kateri Bertran
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T. Frías
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba
| | - Natàlia Majó
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lester J. Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), La Habana, Cuba
- * E-mail:
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53
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Jackwood DJ, Stoute ST. Molecular Evidence for a Geographically Restricted Population of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses. Avian Dis 2013; 57:57-64. [DOI: 10.1637/10303-071212-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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54
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Pitesky M, Cataline K, Crossley B, Poulos M, Ramos G, Willoughby D, Woolcock P, Cutler G, Bland M, Tran J, Jackwood D, Allen L, Breitmeyer R, Jones A, Forsythe K, Sentíes-Cué CG, Charlton B. Historical, Spatial, Temporal, and Time-Space Epidemiology of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease in California: A Retrospective Study 2008–2011. Avian Dis 2013; 57:76-82. [DOI: 10.1637/10302-071112-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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55
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Liu D, Zhang XB, Yan ZQ, Chen F, Ji J, Qin JP, Li HY, Lu JP, Xue Y, Liu JJ, Xie QM, Ma JY, Xue CY, Bee YZ. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from chicken in South China in 2011. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:1107-12. [PMID: 23212841 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a double-stranded RNA virus that causes immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. Thousands of cases of IBDV infection are reported each year in South China, and these infections can result in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. To monitor variations of the virus during the outbreaks, 30 IBDVs were identified from vaccinated chicken flocks from nine provinces in South China in 2011. VP2 fragments from different virus strains were sequenced and analyzed by comparison with the published sequences of IBDV strains from China and around the world. Phylogenetic analysis of hypervariable regions of the VP2 (vVP2) gene showed that 29 of the isolates were very virulent (vv) IBDVs, and were closely related to vvIBDV strains from Europe and Asia. Alignment analysis of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of vVP2 showed the 29 vv isolates had high uniformity, indicated low variability and slow evolution of the virus. The non-vvIBDV isolate JX2-11 was associated with higher than expected mortality, and had high deduced aa sequence similarity (99.2 %) with the attenuated vaccine strain B87 (BJ). The present study has demonstrated the continued circulation of IBDV strains in South China, and emphasizes the importance of reinforcing IBDV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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56
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Silva FMF, Vidigal PMP, Myrrha LW, Fietto JLR, Silva A, Almeida MR. Tracking the molecular epidemiology of Brazilian Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 13:18-26. [PMID: 23000111 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease is a highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Genome segment A encodes the capsid protein (VP2), while segment B encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (VP1). In the present study, we trace the molecular epidemiology of IBDV in Brazil by analyzing 29 isolates collected in the major regions of poultry production. To genetically characterize the isolates, phylogenetic and population dynamic analyses were conducted using 68 VP1 (2634 nt) and 102 VP2 (1356 nt) coding sequences from IBDV isolates from different regions of the world. Furthermore, the evolution of IBDV was analyzed by characterizing the selective forces that operated during the diversification of viral isolates. We show that IBDV isolates were introduced into Brazil mainly from the Netherlands and the USA. These introductions were associated with all Brazilian poultry production regions analyzed in this work. In addition, we show that the evolution of IBDV has been shaped by a combination of very low recombination rates and relatively high rates of nucleotide substitution (2.988×10(-4) for VP1 and 3.2937×10(-4) for VP2), which themselves are a function of purifying selection operating on VP1 and VP2. Furthermore, our extended Bayesian skyline plot suggests that the increase in the effective population size of isolates of IBDV is consistent with its epidemiological history, with a large increase during the emergence of acute outbreaks of IBD in the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M F Silva
- Molecular Animal Infectology Laboratory, Institute of Applied Biotechnology to Agriculture (BIOAGRO), Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa 36570-000, Brazil
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57
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Jackwood DJ. Molecular Epidemiologic Evidence of Homologous Recombination in Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses. Avian Dis 2012; 56:574-7. [DOI: 10.1637/10053-010912-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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58
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Negash T, Gelaye E, Petersen H, Grummer B, Rautenschlein S. Molecular Evidence of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses in Chickens in Ethiopia. Avian Dis 2012; 56:605-10. [DOI: 10.1637/10086-022012-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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59
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Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from Southern China during the years 2000–2010. Virus Genes 2012; 45:246-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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60
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Singh A, Bedekar M, Sharma R, Sarkhel B, Singh S, Jain S. Detection of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from a field outbreak in Central India. Acta Vet Hung 2012; 60:165-74. [PMID: 22366141 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2012.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to detect infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), bursal tissue was collected from 10 IBD-suspected birds from a 30-day-old, IBDV-vaccinated commercial broiler chicken flock of 2000 birds exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of infectious bursal disease (IBD). The presence of IBDV was confirmed by partial amplification of the VP2 gene by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were identified as very virulent strains of IBDV (vvIBDV) by nucleotide sequence analysis. The comparison of the VP2 nucleotide sequences among the isolates revealed the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the VP2 gene of IBDV in the same flock. The comparative analysis indicated that these viruses were genetically close to the vvIBDVs previously detected in India. Our analysis provided information about the existence of vvIBDV in Central India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Singh
- 1 MPPCVV Animal Biotechnology Centre JNKVV Campus Adhartal, Jabalpur M.P. 482004 India
| | - Megha Bedekar
- 1 MPPCVV Animal Biotechnology Centre JNKVV Campus Adhartal, Jabalpur M.P. 482004 India
| | | | - Bikash Sarkhel
- 1 MPPCVV Animal Biotechnology Centre JNKVV Campus Adhartal, Jabalpur M.P. 482004 India
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- 1 MPPCVV Animal Biotechnology Centre JNKVV Campus Adhartal, Jabalpur M.P. 482004 India
| | - Sudhir Jain
- 1 MPPCVV Animal Biotechnology Centre JNKVV Campus Adhartal, Jabalpur M.P. 482004 India
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61
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Jackwood DJ, Crossley BM, Stoute ST, Sommer-Wagner S, Woolcock PR, Charlton BR. Diversity of Genome Segment B from Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses in the United States. Avian Dis 2012; 56:165-72. [DOI: 10.1637/9900-081811-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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62
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Gelb J, Jackwood DJ, Mundt E, Pope CR, Hein R, Slacum G, Harris JM, Ladman BS, Lynch P, Bautista DA, Ruano JM, Troeber MM. Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated in 2007 from Delmarva Commercial Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2012; 56:82-9. [DOI: 10.1637/9842-062411-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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63
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Kim HR, Kwon YK, Bae YC, Oem JK, Lee OS. Genetic characteristics of virion protein 2 genes of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from commercial chickens with clinical disease in South Korea. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1642-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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64
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Dias CCA, de Oliveira Souza F, da Silva EMSA, Eller MR, Barrios PR, Dos Santos BM, Moraes MP, de Almeida MR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the infectious bursal disease virus isolates from outbreak in layer flocks in the state of Minas Gerais. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:205-7. [PMID: 24031345 PMCID: PMC3768497 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090001000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP2 protein was carried out in order to characterize the agent of two outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in layer flocks in the state of Minas Gerais in 2004. The results indicate the outbreaks could be related to the vaccinal virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristina Almeida Dias
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, MG , Brasil
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65
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Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease, a nosologic entity with global economic importance in poultry. The viral protein 2 (VP2) is recognized as the virus' major antigenic protein. The goal of this study was to generate yeast (Pichia pastoris)-based protein expression from the VP2 gene of the Edgar strain of IBDV and from the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene (hvVP2) to test the protection afforded against virulent IBDV challenge when inoculated in chickens. The genetic material used for protein expression was obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with the expressed products and challenged with the homologous strain (Edgar). After challenge, no morbidity or mortality was observed in the birds vaccinated with the whole VP2, compared with 30% morbidity and mortality in the hvVP2-vaccinated birds and with 90% morbidity and 60% mortality in the unvaccinated, challenged controls. Immunohistochemistry detection of the challenge virus and some extent of bursal damage were observed in all challenged birds, indicating active replication of the challenge virus despite vaccination. As determined by bursal index values, the protection against postchallenge bursal atrophy was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the VP2 group than in the unvaccinated and hvVP2-vaccinated birds. Overall, the results indicated that paraffin-embedded tissue can be used as a source of genomic material for transgenic protein expression, that Pichia pastoris-expressed VP2 retains its immunogenicity, and that VP2 subunit vaccination conferred partial protection to challenge; it protected against clinical signs and death but not against IBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villegas
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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66
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Lojkić I, Bidin Z, Pokrić B. Sequence analysis of both genome segments of three Croatian infectious bursal disease field viruses. Avian Dis 2008; 52:513-9. [PMID: 18939645 DOI: 10.1637/8272-022808-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the mutations responsible for virulence, three Croatian field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV), designated Cro-Ig/02, Cro-Po/00, and Cro-Pa/98 were characterized. Coding regions of both genomic segments were sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of polyprotein and VP1, was performed. Eight characteristic amino acid residues, that were common to very virulent (vv) IBDV, were detected on polyprotein: 222A, 256I, 294I, 451L, 685N, 715S, 751D, and 1005A. All eight were found in Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00. C-Pa/98 had all the characteristics of an attenuated strain, except for glutamine on residue 253, which is common for vv, classical virulent, and variant strains. Between less virulent and vvIBDV, three substitutions were found on VP5: 49 G --> R, 79 --> F, and 137 R --> W. In VP1, there were nine characteristic amino acid residues common to vvwIBDV: 146D, 147N, 242E, 390M, 393D, 511S, 562P, 687P, and 695R. All nine residues were found in A-Ig/02, and eight were found in B-Po/00, which had isoleucine on residue 390. Based on our analyses, isolates Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00 were classified with vv IBDV strains. C-Pa/98 shared all characteristic amino acid residues with attenuated and classical virulence strains, so it was classified with those.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lojkić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for General Virology, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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67
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He CQ, Ma LY, Wang D, Li GR, Ding NZ. Homologous recombination is apparent in infectious bursal disease virus. Virology 2008; 384:51-8. [PMID: 19064275 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family. It shows substantial variation in the major antigen region of the viral capsid protein VP2, where a hypervariable region plays a key role in the virulence of IBDV and its epitope. This study identifies several putative recombinants from previously published data to suggest that homologous recombination may naturally occur between different IBDV strains. In addition, a novel very virulence sublineage emerges in the VP2 phylogenic tree, comprising three putative recombination strains isolated in Korea and China, KSH, KK1 and SH-h. The major putative parents of the three mosaics are descended from the vaccine lineage while their hypervariable regions from vvIBDV. These findings also suggest that vaccine coverage may have influence on the evolution and genetic diversity of IBDV, resulting in a novel group with vvIBDV phenotype through recombination with wild IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Qiang He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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68
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Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from wild birds in Korea: Epidemiological implications. Virus Res 2008; 137:153-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Cardoso TC, Rosa ACG, Astolphi RD, Vincente RM, Novais JB, Hirata KY, Luvizotto MCR. Direct detection of infectious bursal disease virus from clinical samples byin situreverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol 2008; 37:457-61. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802216587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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