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Żabka A, Winnicki K, Polit JT, Bernasińska-Słomczewska J, Maszewski J. 5-Aminouracil and other inhibitors of DNA replication induce biphasic interphase-mitotic cells in apical root meristems of Allium cepa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1013-1028. [PMID: 32328702 PMCID: PMC7359111 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Induction of biphasic interphase-mitotic cells and PCC is connected with an increased level of metabolism in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Previous experiments using primary roots of Allium cepa exposed to low concentrations of hydroxyurea have shown that long-term DNA replication stress (DRS) disrupts essential links of the S-M checkpoint mechanism, leading meristem cells either to premature chromosome condensation (PCC) or to a specific form of chromatin condensation, establishing biphasic organization of cell nuclei with both interphase and mitotic domains (IM cells). The present study supplements and extends these observations by describing general conditions under which both abnormal types of M-phase cells may occur. The analysis of root apical meristem (RAM) cell proliferation after prolonged mild DRS indicates that a broad spectrum of inhibitors is capable of generating PCC and IM organization of cell nuclei. These included: 5-aminouracil (5-AU, a thymine antagonist), characterized by the highest efficiency in creating cells with the IM phenotype, aphidicolin (APH), an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid analog that inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), which inhibits DNA replication by forming cleavage complexes with topoisomerase I. As evidenced using fluorescence-based click chemistry assays, continuous treatment of onion RAM cells with 5-AU is associated with an accelerated dynamics of the DNA replication machinery and significantly enhanced levels of transcription and translation. Furthermore, DRS conditions bring about an intensified production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and some increase in DNA fragmentation, associated with only a slight increase in apoptosis-like programmed cell death events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Bernasińska-Słomczewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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52
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León TE, Rapoz-D'Silva T, Bertoli C, Rahman S, Magnussen M, Philip B, Farah N, Richardson SE, Ahrabi S, Guerra-Assunção JA, Gupta R, Nacheva EP, Henderson S, Herrero J, Linch DC, de Bruin RAM, Mansour MR. EZH2-Deficient T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Sensitized to CHK1 Inhibition through Enhanced Replication Stress. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:998-1017. [PMID: 32349972 PMCID: PMC7611258 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, the enzymatic component of PRC2, have been associated with poor outcome and chemotherapy resistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Using isogenic T-ALL cells, with and without CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2-inactivating mutations, we performed a cell-based synthetic lethal drug screen. EZH2-deficient cells exhibited increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of CHK1, an interaction that could be validated genetically. Furthermore, small-molecule inhibition of CHK1 had efficacy in delaying tumor progression in isogenic EZH2-deficient, but not EZH2 wild-type, T-ALL cells in vivo, as well as in a primary cell model of PRC2-mutant ALL. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency resulted in a gene-expression signature of immature T-ALL cells, marked transcriptional upregulation of MYCN, increased replication stress, and enhanced dependency on CHK1 for cell survival. Finally, we demonstrate this phenotype is mediated through derepression of a distal PRC2-regulated MYCN enhancer. In conclusion, we highlight a novel and clinically exploitable pathway in high-risk EZH2-mutated T-ALL. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 genes are associated with chemotherapy resistance in T-ALL, yet no specific therapy for this aggressive subtype is currently clinically available. Our work demonstrates that loss of EZH2 activity leads to MYCN-driven replication stress, resulting in increased sensitivity to CHK1 inhibition, a finding with immediate clinical relevance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E León
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Rapoz-D'Silva
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunniyat Rahman
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Magnussen
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Philip
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Farah
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Richardson
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ahrabi
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- Stem Cell Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth P Nacheva
- Health Service Laboratories LLP, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Linch
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Mansour
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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53
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Forrer Charlier C, Martins RAP. Protective Mechanisms Against DNA Replication Stress in the Nervous System. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E730. [PMID: 32630049 PMCID: PMC7397197 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise replication of DNA and the successful segregation of chromosomes are essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information during the cell cycle. Alterations in the dynamics of genome replication, also referred to as DNA replication stress, may lead to DNA damage and, consequently, mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Extensive research has revealed that DNA replication stress drives genome instability during tumorigenesis. Over decades, genetic studies of inherited syndromes have established a connection between the mutations in genes required for proper DNA repair/DNA damage responses and neurological diseases. It is becoming clear that both the prevention and the responses to replication stress are particularly important for nervous system development and function. The accurate regulation of cell proliferation is key for the expansion of progenitor pools during central nervous system (CNS) development, adult neurogenesis, and regeneration. Moreover, DNA replication stress in glial cells regulates CNS tumorigenesis and plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). Here, we review how replication stress generation and replication stress response (RSR) contribute to the CNS development, homeostasis, and disease. Both cell-autonomous mechanisms, as well as the evidence of RSR-mediated alterations of the cellular microenvironment in the nervous system, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo A. P. Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
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54
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Wilhelm T, Said M, Naim V. DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability: Dangerous Liaisons. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E642. [PMID: 32532049 PMCID: PMC7348713 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with many human diseases, including neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions, age-related disorders and cancer, and is a key driver for disease initiation and progression. A major source of structural chromosome instability (s-CIN) leading to structural chromosome aberrations is "replication stress", a condition in which stalled or slowly progressing replication forks interfere with timely and error-free completion of the S phase. On the other hand, mitotic errors that result in chromosome mis-segregation are the cause of numerical chromosome instability (n-CIN) and aneuploidy. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence showing that these two forms of chromosomal instability can be mechanistically interlinked. We first summarize how replication stress causes structural and numerical CIN, focusing on mechanisms such as mitotic rescue of replication stress (MRRS) and centriole disengagement, which prevent or contribute to specific types of structural chromosome aberrations and segregation errors. We describe the main outcomes of segregation errors and how micronucleation and aneuploidy can be the key stimuli promoting inflammation, senescence, or chromothripsis. At the end, we discuss how CIN can reduce cellular fitness and may behave as an anticancer barrier in noncancerous cells or precancerous lesions, whereas it fuels genomic instability in the context of cancer, and how our current knowledge may be exploited for developing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Wilhelm
- CNRS UMR9019 Genome Integrity and Cancers, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.W.); (M.S.)
- UMR144 Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maha Said
- CNRS UMR9019 Genome Integrity and Cancers, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Valeria Naim
- CNRS UMR9019 Genome Integrity and Cancers, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.W.); (M.S.)
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55
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Ruiz MC, Kljun J, Turel I, Di Virgilio AL, León IE. Comparative antitumor studies of organoruthenium complexes with 8-hydroxyquinolines on 2D and 3D cell models of bone, lung and breast cancer. Metallomics 2020; 11:666-675. [PMID: 30839008 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to screen the antitumor actions of two metal organoruthenium-8-hydroxyquinolinato (Ru-hq) complexes to find a potential novel agent for bone, lung and breast chemotherapies. We showed that ruthenium compounds (1 and 2) impaired the cell viability of human bone (MG-63), lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells with greater selectivity and specificity than cisplatin. Besides, complexes 1 and 2 decreased proliferation, migration and invasion on cell monolayers at lower concentrations (2.5-10 μM). In addition, both compounds induced genotoxicity revealed by the micronucleus test, which led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and induced the tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. On the other hand, in multicellular 3D models (multicellular spheroids; MCS), 1 and 2 overcame CDDP presenting lower IC50 values only in MCS of lung origin. Moreover, 1 outperformed 2 in MCS of bone and breast origin. Finally, our findings revealed that both compounds inhibited the cell invasion of multicellular spheroids, showing that complex 1 exhibited the most important antimetastatic action. Taken together, these results indicate that compound 1 is an interesting candidate to be tested on in vivo models as a novel strategy for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ruiz
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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56
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Streich L, Sukhanova M, Lu X, Chen YH, Venkataraman G, Mathews S, Zhang S, Kelemen K, Segal J, Gao J, Gordon L, Chen Q, Behdad A. Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma characterized with high genomic instability showing frequent chromothripsis, CDKN2A/B loss, and TP53 mutations: A multi-institutional study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:484-494. [PMID: 32277542 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including blastoid and pleomorphic (B/P-MCL), are rare and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The genomic landscape of these variants remains incompletely explored. In this multi-institutional study, we describe recurrent mutations and novel genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) in B/P-MCL, using next generation sequencing and SNP-array. Chromothripsis, a recently described phenomenon of massive chromosomal rearrangements, was identified in eight of 13 (62%) B/P MCL cases, and a high degree of genomic complexity with frequent copy number gains and losses was also seen. In contrast, a comparative cohort of nine cases of conventional MCL (C-MCL) showed no chromothripsis and less complexity. Twelve of 13 (92%) B/P-MCL cases showed loss of CDKN2A/B (6 biallelic and 6 monoallelic losses); while only one C-MCL showed monoallelic CDKN2A/B loss. In B/P-MCL, TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene, with mutations present in eight cases (62%), six of which showed concurrent loss of chromosome 17p. Of the eight cases with chromothripsis, six (85%) harbored TP53 mutations. Other recurrent mutations in B/P-MCL included ATM (7, 53%), CCND1 (5, 38%), NOTCH1 (2, 18%), NOTCH2, and BIRC3 (each in 3, 23%). Here, we describe high genomic instability associated with chromothripsis and a high frequency of CDKN2A/B and TP53 alterations in the aggressive variants of MCL. The nonrandom chromothripsis events observed in B/P-MCL may be an indicator of clinically aggressive MCL. In addition, frequent CDKN2A deletion and high genomic instability may provide potential targets for alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Streich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madina Sukhanova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Girish Venkataraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie Mathews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Segal
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leo Gordon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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57
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Langston RE, Palazzola D, Bonnell E, Wellinger RJ, Weinert T. Loss of Cdc13 causes genome instability by a deficiency in replication-dependent telomere capping. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008733. [PMID: 32287268 PMCID: PMC7205313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In budding yeast, Cdc13, Stn1, and Ten1 form the telomere-binding heterotrimer CST complex. Here we investigate the role of Cdc13/CST in maintaining genome stability by using a Chr VII disome system that can generate recombinants, chromosome loss, and enigmatic unstable chromosomes. In cells expressing a temperature sensitive CDC13 allele, cdc13F684S, unstable chromosomes frequently arise from problems in or near a telomere. We found that, when Cdc13 is defective, passage through S phase causes Exo1-dependent ssDNA and unstable chromosomes that are then the source for additional chromosome instability events (e.g. recombinants, chromosome truncations, dicentrics, and/or chromosome loss). We observed that genome instability arises from a defect in Cdc13’s function during DNA replication, not Cdc13’s putative post-replication telomere capping function. The molecular nature of the initial unstable chromosomes formed by a Cdc13-defect involves ssDNA and does not involve homologous recombination nor non-homologous end joining; we speculate the original unstable chromosome may be a one-ended double strand break. This system defines a link between Cdc13’s function during DNA replication and genome stability in the form of unstable chromosomes, that then progress to form other chromosome changes. Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear molecules with specialized end structures called telomeres. Telomeres contain both unique repetitive DNA sequences and specialized proteins that solve several biological problems by differentiating chromosomal ends from internal breaks, thus preventing chromosome instability. When telomeres are defective, the entire chromosome can become unstable and change, causing mutations and pathology (cancer, aging, etc.). Here we study how a defect in specific telomere proteins causes chromosomal rearrangements, using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding or brewer’s yeast). We find that when specific telomere proteins are defective, errors in DNA replication generate a type of damage that likely involves extensive single-stranded DNA that forms inherently unstable chromosomes, subject to many subsequent instances of instability (e.g. allelic recombinants, chromosome loss, truncations, dicentrics). The telomere protein Cdc13 is part of a protein complex called CST that is conserved in most organisms including mammalian cells. The technical capacity of studies in budding yeast allow a detailed, real-time examination of how telomere defects compromise chromosome stability in a single cell cycle, generating lessons likely relevant to how human telomeres keep human chromosomes stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Langston
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dominic Palazzola
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erin Bonnell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raymund J. Wellinger
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ted Weinert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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58
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McDermott JE, Arshad OA, Petyuk VA, Fu Y, Gritsenko MA, Clauss TR, Moore RJ, Schepmoes AA, Zhao R, Monroe ME, Schnaubelt M, Tsai CF, Payne SH, Huang C, Wang LB, Foltz S, Wyczalkowski M, Wu Y, Song E, Brewer MA, Thiagarajan M, Kinsinger CR, Robles AI, Boja ES, Rodriguez H, Chan DW, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Ding L, Smith RD, Liu T, Rodland KD. Proteogenomic Characterization of Ovarian HGSC Implicates Mitotic Kinases, Replication Stress in Observed Chromosomal Instability. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1. [PMID: 32529193 PMCID: PMC7289043 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of a dominant driving mutation other than uniformly present TP53 mutations, deeper understanding of the biology driving ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) requires analysis at a functional level, including post-translational modifications. Comprehensive proteogenomic and phosphoproteomic characterization of 83 prospectively collected ovarian HGSC and appropriate normal precursor tissue samples (fallopian tube) under strict control of ischemia time reveals pathways that significantly differentiate between HGSC and relevant normal tissues in the context of homologous repair deficiency (HRD) status. In addition to confirming key features of HGSC from previous studies, including a potential survival-associated signature and histone acetylation as a marker of HRD, deep phosphoproteomics provides insights regarding the potential role of proliferation-induced replication stress in promoting the characteristic chromosomal instability of HGSC and suggests potential therapeutic targets for use in precision medicine trials. Comparison of ovarian cancer and normal precursors identifies key signaling pathways Mitotic and cyclin-dependent kinases emerge as potential therapeutic targets Previously identified hallmarks of homologous repair status and survival are confirmed Replication stress appears to drive increased chromosomal instability
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Osama A Arshad
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Therese R Clauss
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Athena A Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Samuel H Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang-Bo Wang
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Steven Foltz
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew Wyczalkowski
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ehwang Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Molly A Brewer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Ding
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.,Lead Contact
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59
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All-trans retinoic acid exerts selective anti-FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia efficacy through downregulating Chk1 kinase. Cancer Lett 2020; 473:130-138. [PMID: 31904486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is known to be a potent inhibitor of FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we report that ATRA causes fatal mitotic catastrophe in FLT3-ITD AML cells by degrading Chk1 kinase, and therefore preventing DNA damage repair. In order to explore a further enhancement in the inhibitory effect of ATRA on FLT3-ITD AML cells, we investigated the suitability of a combination of ATRA and DNA damage drug SN38. In vitro experiments showed that this combinatorial approach effectively inhibited the proliferation of FLT3-ITD cells and induced cell apoptosis in AML. In vivo experiments confirmed that the combination could substantially improve the anti-tumor effect of SN38. Taken together, our results indicate that ATRA down-regulates Chk1 in FLT3-ITD AML cells, and the combination of ATRA and SN38 significantly improves the anti-tumor effect of either ATRA or SN38 when used alone.
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60
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Jung IJ, Ahn JW, Jung S, Hwang JE, Hong MJ, Choi HI, Kim JB. Overexpression of rice jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin (OsJAC1) enhances resistance to ionizing radiation in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:561. [PMID: 31852472 PMCID: PMC6921557 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jacalin-related lectins in plants are important in defense signaling and regulate growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. We characterized the function of a rice mannose-binding jacalin-related lectin (OsJAC1) in the response to DNA damage from gamma radiation. RESULTS Time- and dose-dependent changes of OsJAC1 expression in rice were detected in response to gamma radiation. To identify OsJAC1 function, OsJAC1-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated. Interestingly, OsJAC1 overexpression conferred hyper-resistance to gamma radiation in these plants. Using comparative transcriptome analysis, genes related to pathogen defense were identified among 22 differentially expressed genes in OsJAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines following gamma irradiation. Furthermore, expression profiles of genes associated with the plant response to DNA damage were determined in these transgenic lines, revealing expression changes of important DNA damage checkpoint and perception regulatory components, namely MCMs, RPA, ATM, and MRE11. CONCLUSIONS OsJAC1 overexpression may confer hyper-resistance to gamma radiation via activation of DNA damage perception and DNA damage checkpoints in Arabidopsis, implicating OsJAC1 as a key player in DNA damage response in plants. This study is the first report of a role for mannose-binding jacalin-related lectin in DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Hwang
- Division of Ecological Conservation, Bureau of Ecological Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, 33657 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
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61
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Formaldehyde inhibits UV-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104687. [PMID: 31614172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is widely known to cause DNA damage. Recently, our study showed that FA can also inhibit a repair process of DNA damage, nucleotide excision repair (NER). DNA damage response (DDR) involving activation of phosphorylation pathways is important for the accuracy of the repair process, and the inhibition of the accurate repair would raise mutation rate, leading to cancer. We herein investigated whether FA influences phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), an intermediate player of DDR signaling pathways. Human keratinocytes HaCaT were treated with FA and then exposed to UV known to generate clear γ-H2AX signal. UV-induced γ-H2AX was inhibited by FA in a dose-dependent manner. The repair of pyrimidine dimers was inhibited by FA, while the recruitments of γ-H2AX-related proteins, Mre11 and 53BP1, to damaged sites were also delayed. Mre11, Nbs-1, H2AX and ATM were not degraded after treatment with FA as opposed to NER-related protein, TFIIH. On the other hand, FA inhibited phosphorylation of ATM which acts upstream of γ-H2AX. These results suggest that FA can affect the repair of DNA damage via inhibition of the phosphorylation pathways of H2AX.
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62
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CD98hc (SLC3A2) sustains amino acid and nucleotide availability for cell cycle progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14065. [PMID: 31575908 PMCID: PMC6773781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) forms heteromeric amino acid (AA) transporters by interacting with different light chains. Cancer cells overexpress CD98hc-transporters in order to meet their increased nutritional and antioxidant demands, since they provide branched-chain AA (BCAA) and aromatic AA (AAA) availability while protecting cells from oxidative stress. Here we show that BCAA and AAA shortage phenocopies the inhibition of mTORC1 signalling, protein synthesis and cell proliferation caused by CD98hc ablation. Furthermore, our data indicate that CD98hc sustains glucose uptake and glycolysis, and, as a consequence, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Thus, loss of CD98hc triggers a dramatic reduction in the nucleotide pool, which leads to replicative stress in these cells, as evidenced by the enhanced DNA Damage Response (DDR), S-phase delay and diminished rate of mitosis, all recovered by nucleoside supplementation. In addition, proper BCAA and AAA availability sustains the expression of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In this regard, BCAA and AAA shortage results in decreased content of deoxynucleotides that triggers replicative stress, also recovered by nucleoside supplementation. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that CD98hc plays a central role in AA and glucose cellular nutrition, redox homeostasis and nucleotide availability, all key for cell proliferation.
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63
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Staaf J, Glodzik D, Bosch A, Vallon-Christersson J, Reuterswärd C, Häkkinen J, Degasperi A, Amarante TD, Saal LH, Hegardt C, Stobart H, Ehinger A, Larsson C, Rydén L, Loman N, Malmberg M, Kvist A, Ehrencrona H, Davies HR, Borg Å, Nik-Zainal S. Whole-genome sequencing of triple-negative breast cancers in a population-based clinical study. Nat Med 2019; 25:1526-1533. [PMID: 31570822 PMCID: PMC6859071 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) brings comprehensive insights to cancer genome interpretation. To explore the clinical value of WGS, we sequenced 254 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) for which associated treatment and outcome data were collected between 2010 and 2015 via the population-based Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network-Breast (SCAN-B) project (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT02306096). Applying the HRDetect mutational-signature-based algorithm to classify tumors, 59% were predicted to have homologous-recombination-repair deficiency (HRDetect-high): 67% explained by germline/somatic mutations of BRCA1/BRCA2, BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, RAD51C hypermethylation or biallelic loss of PALB2. A novel mechanism of BRCA1 abrogation was discovered via germline SINE-VNTR-Alu retrotransposition. HRDetect provided independent prognostic information, with HRDetect-high patients having better outcome on adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive disease-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2-0.87) and distant relapse-free interval (HR = 0.31, CI = 0.13-0.76) compared to HRDetect-low, regardless of whether a genetic/epigenetic cause was identified. HRDetect-intermediate, some possessing potentially targetable biological abnormalities, had the poorest outcomes. HRDetect-low cancers also had inadequate outcomes: ~4.7% were mismatch-repair-deficient (another targetable defect, not typically sought) and they were enriched for (but not restricted to) PIK3CA/AKT1 pathway abnormalities. New treatment options need to be considered for now-discernible HRDetect-intermediate and HRDetect-low categories. This population-based study advocates for WGS of TNBC to better inform trial stratification and improve clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Dominik Glodzik
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Bosch
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Vallon-Christersson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christel Reuterswärd
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jari Häkkinen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tauanne Dias Amarante
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lao H Saal
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hegardt
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Ehinger
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Loman
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmberg
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen R Davies
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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64
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Discovering genetic interactions bridging pathways in genome-wide association studies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4274. [PMID: 31537791 PMCID: PMC6753138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic interactions have been reported to underlie phenotypes in a variety of systems, but the extent to which they contribute to complex disease in humans remains unclear. In principle, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a platform for detecting genetic interactions, but existing methods for identifying them from GWAS data tend to focus on testing individual locus pairs, which undermines statistical power. Importantly, a global genetic network mapped for a model eukaryotic organism revealed that genetic interactions often connect genes between compensatory functional modules in a highly coherent manner. Taking advantage of this expected structure, we developed a computational approach called BridGE that identifies pathways connected by genetic interactions from GWAS data. Applying BridGE broadly, we discover significant interactions in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, hypertension, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Our novel approach provides a general framework for mapping complex genetic networks underlying human disease from genome-wide genotype data.
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65
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Sugaya K. Chromosome instability caused by mutations in the genes involved in transcription and splicing. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1521-1525. [PMID: 31385554 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1652523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in molecules involved in transcription and splicing can cause chromosome instability such as sister chromatid exchanges. We isolated and characterized responsible genes from mammalian temperature-sensitive mutant cells showing chromosome instability. A mutation in the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II affected DNA synthesis in S phase-arrested cells, resulting in abnormal induction of sister chromatid exchanges. The yeast mutant harboring a homologous mutation showed very similar phenotype to that of the mammalian mutant. A mutation in Smu1, which is involved in splicing, also affected DNA synthesis in S and G2 phase-arrested cells, resulting in abnormal induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations. These cells showed a connection between defects of RNA metabolism and induction of chromosome instability. Genome instability appeared to be caused by links between RNA metabolism and replication resulting in genomic recombination. RNA metabolism can be regarded as one possible driver of genome modification triggering genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan.,Group of Quantum-state Controlled MRI, QST , Chiba , Japan
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66
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Wojtowicz D, Sason I, Huang X, Kim YA, Leiserson MDM, Przytycka TM, Sharan R. Hidden Markov models lead to higher resolution maps of mutation signature activity in cancer. Genome Med 2019; 11:49. [PMID: 31349863 PMCID: PMC6660659 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the activity of the mutational processes shaping a cancer genome may provide insight into tumorigenesis and personalized therapy. It is thus important to characterize the signatures of active mutational processes in patients from their patterns of single base substitutions. However, mutational processes do not act uniformly on the genome, leading to statistical dependencies among neighboring mutations. To account for such dependencies, we develop the first sequence-dependent model, SigMa, for mutation signatures. We apply SigMa to characterize genomic and other factors that influence the activity of mutation signatures in breast cancer. We show that SigMa outperforms previous approaches, revealing novel insights on signature etiology. The source code for SigMa is publicly available at https://github.com/lrgr/sigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Wojtowicz
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, 20894, USA
| | - Itay Sason
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, 20894, USA
| | - Yoo-Ah Kim
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, 20894, USA
| | - Mark D M Leiserson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, 8125 Paint Branch Dr, College Park, 20740, USA.
| | - Teresa M Przytycka
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, 20894, USA.
| | - Roded Sharan
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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67
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Pai CC, Hsu KF, Durley SC, Keszthelyi A, Kearsey SE, Rallis C, Folkes LK, Deegan R, Wilkins SE, Pfister SX, De León N, Schofield CJ, Bähler J, Carr AM, Humphrey TC. An essential role for dNTP homeostasis following CDK-induced replication stress. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226969. [PMID: 30674555 PMCID: PMC6451416 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication stress is a common feature of cancer cells, and thus a potentially important therapeutic target. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-induced replication stress, resulting from Wee1 inactivation, is synthetic lethal with mutations disrupting dNTP homeostasis in fission yeast. Wee1 inactivation leads to increased dNTP demand and replication stress through CDK-induced firing of dormant replication origins. Subsequent dNTP depletion leads to inefficient DNA replication, DNA damage and to genome instability. Cells respond to this replication stress by increasing dNTP supply through histone methyltransferase Set2-dependent MBF-induced expression of Cdc22, the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Disrupting dNTP synthesis following Wee1 inactivation, through abrogating Set2-dependent H3K36 tri-methylation or DNA integrity checkpoint inactivation results in critically low dNTP levels, replication collapse and cell death, which can be rescued by increasing dNTP levels. These findings support a 'dNTP supply and demand' model in which maintaining dNTP homeostasis is essential to prevent replication catastrophe in response to CDK-induced replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chun Pai
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kuo-Feng Hsu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Samuel C Durley
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andrea Keszthelyi
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Stephen E Kearsey
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research & Administration Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, E15 4LZ, London, UK
| | - Lisa K Folkes
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rachel Deegan
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Wilkins
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sophia X Pfister
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nagore De León
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research & Administration Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Timothy C Humphrey
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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68
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Kalogeropoulou A, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Cortical Development and Brain Malformations: Insights From the Differential Regulation of Early Events of DNA Replication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:29. [PMID: 30915332 PMCID: PMC6421272 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex distinct populations of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are defined by differences in their cell cycle duration, self-renewal capacity and transcriptional profile. A key difference across the distinct populations of NSCs is the length of G1 phase, where the licensing of the DNA replication origins takes place by the assembly of a pre-replicative complex. Licensing of DNA replication is a process that is adapted accordingly to the cell cycle length of NSCs to secure the timed duplication of the genome. Moreover, DNA replication should be efficiently coordinated with ongoing transcription for the prevention of conflicts that would impede the progression of both processes, compromising the normal course of development. In the present review we discuss how the differential regulation of the licensing and initiation of DNA replication in different cortical NSCs populations is integrated with the properties of these stem cells populations. Moreover, we examine the implication of the initial steps of DNA replication in the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodevelopmental defects and Zika virus-related microcephaly, highlighting the significance of the differential regulation of DNA replication during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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69
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Franke R, Hinkelmann B, Fetz V, Stradal T, Sasse F, Klawonn F, Brönstrup M. xCELLanalyzer: A Framework for the Analysis of Cellular Impedance Measurements for Mode of Action Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:213-223. [PMID: 30681906 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218819459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mode of action (MoA) identification of bioactive compounds is very often a challenging and time-consuming task. We used a label-free kinetic profiling method based on an impedance readout to monitor the time-dependent cellular response profiles for the interaction of bioactive natural products and other small molecules with mammalian cells. Such approaches have been rarely used so far due to the lack of data mining tools to properly capture the characteristics of the impedance curves. We developed a data analysis pipeline for the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis detection platform to process the data, assess and score their reproducibility, and provide rank-based MoA predictions for a reference set of 60 bioactive compounds. The method can reveal additional, previously unknown targets, as exemplified by the identification of tubulin-destabilizing activities of the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D and the effects on DNA replication of vioprolide A. The data analysis pipeline is based on the statistical programming language R and is available to the scientific community through a GitHub repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Franke
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bettina Hinkelmann
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Theresia Stradal
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florenz Sasse
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- 3 Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,4 Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University, Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,5 Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
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70
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Fang L, Sun X, Wang Y, Du L, Ji K, Wang J, He N, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhai H, Hao J, Xu C, Liu Q. RMI1 contributes to DNA repair and to the tolerance to camptothecin. FASEB J 2019; 33:5561-5570. [PMID: 30676768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is critical for faithful propagation of genetic information and the prevention of the mutagenesis induced by various DNA damage events. RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1 (RMI1), together with Bloom syndrome protein and topoisomerase IIIα, form an evolutionarily conserved complex that is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. Herein, we report that RMI1 depletion increases cell sensitivity to camptothecin treatment, as shown by an elevation of genotoxic stress-induced DNA double-strand breaks, a stronger activation of the DNA damage response, and a greater G2/M cell cycle delay. Our findings support that, upon DNA damage, RMI1 forms nuclear foci at the damaged regions, interacts with RAD51, and facilitates the recruitment of RAD51 to initiate homologous recombination. Our data reveal the importance of RMI1 in response to DNA double-strand breaks and shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which RMI1 contributes to maintain genome stability.-Fang, L., Sun, X., Wang, Y., Du, L., Ji, K., Wang, J., He, N., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Zhai, H., Hao, J., Xu, C., Liu, Q. RMI1 contributes to DNA repair and to the tolerance to camptothecin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,The Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; and
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hezheng Zhai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiu Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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71
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Liu X, Wang J, Chen M, Liu S, Yu X, Wen F. Combining data from TCGA and GEO databases and reverse transcription quantitative PCR validation to identify gene prognostic markers in lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:709-720. [PMID: 30718962 PMCID: PMC6345189 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to predict and explore the possible mechanism and clinical value of genetic markers in the development of lung cancer with a combined database to screen the prognostic genes of lung cancer. Materials and methods Common differential genes in two gene expression chips (GSE3268 and GSE10072 datasets) were investigated by collecting and calculating from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases using R language. Five markers of gene composition (ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 [RRM2], trophoblast glycoprotein [TPBG], transmembrane protease serine 4[TMPRFF4], chloride intracellular channel 3 [CLIC3], and WNT inhibitory factor-1 [WIF1]) were found by the stepwise Cox regression function when we further screened combinations of gene models, which were more meaningful for prognosis. By analyzing the correlation between gene markers and clinicopathological parameters of lung cancer and its effect on prognosis, the TPBG gene was selected to analyze differential expression, its possible pathways and functions were predicted using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and its protein interaction network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database; then, quantitative PCR and the Oncomine database were used to verify the expression differences of TPBG in lung cancer cells and tissues. Results The expression levels of five genetic markers were correlated with survival prognosis, and the total survival time of the patients with high expression of the genetic markers was shorter than those with low expression (P<0.001). GSEA showed that these high-expression samples enriched the gene sets of cell adhesion, cytokine receptor interaction pathway, extracellular matrix receptor pathway, adhesion pathway, skeleton protein regulation, cancer pathway and TGF-β pathway. Conclusion The high expression of five gene constituent markers is a poor prognostic factor in lung cancer and may serve as an effective biomarker for predicting metastasis and prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shilan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, .,Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,
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72
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Linking the organization of DNA replication with genome maintenance. Curr Genet 2019; 65:677-683. [PMID: 30600398 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal organization of genome duplication, also referred to as the replication program, is defined by the distribution and the activities of the sites of replication initiation across the genome. Alterations to the replication profile are associated with cell fate changes during development and in pathologies, but the importance of undergoing S phase with distinct and specific programs remains largely unexplored. We have recently addressed this question, focusing on the interplay between the replication program and genome maintenance. In particular, we demonstrated that when cells encounter challenges to DNA synthesis, the organization of DNA replication drives the response to replication stress that is mediated by the ATR/Rad3 checkpoint pathway, thus shaping the pattern of genome instability along the chromosomes. In this review, we present the major findings of our study and discuss how they may bring new perspectives to our understanding of the biological importance of the replication program.
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73
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Leung W, Baxley RM, Moldovan GL, Bielinsky AK. Mechanisms of DNA Damage Tolerance: Post-Translational Regulation of PCNA. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010010. [PMID: 30586904 PMCID: PMC6356670 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant source of stress challenging genomic integrity. To ensure faithful duplication of our genomes, mechanisms have evolved to deal with damage encountered during replication. One such mechanism is referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT). DDT allows for replication to continue in the presence of a DNA lesion by promoting damage bypass. Two major DDT pathways exist: error-prone translesion synthesis (TLS) and error-free template switching (TS). TLS recruits low-fidelity DNA polymerases to directly replicate across the damaged template, whereas TS uses the nascent sister chromatid as a template for bypass. Both pathways must be tightly controlled to prevent the accumulation of mutations that can occur from the dysregulation of DDT proteins. A key regulator of error-prone versus error-free DDT is the replication clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PCNA, mainly by ubiquitin and SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier), play a critical role in DDT. In this review, we will discuss the different types of PTMs of PCNA and how they regulate DDT in response to replication stress. We will also cover the roles of PCNA PTMs in lagging strand synthesis, meiotic recombination, as well as somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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74
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Mahajan S, Raina K, Verma S, Rao BJ. Human RAD52 protein regulates homologous recombination and checkpoint function in BRCA2 deficient cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:128-139. [PMID: 30590106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit HR defects, increased proliferation and checkpoint aberrations. Tumour suppressor proteins, BRCA2 and p53 counteract such aberrant proliferation by checkpoint regulation. Intriguingly, chemo-resistant cancer cells, exhibiting mutated BRCA2 and p53 protein survive even with increased DNA damage accumulation. Such cancer cells show upregulation of RAD52 tumour suppressor protein implying that RAD52 might be providing survival advantage to cancer cells. To understand this paradoxical condition of a tumour suppressor protein facilitating cancer cell survival, in the current study, we investigate the role of RAD52 overexpression in BRCA2 deficient cells. We provide evidence that RAD52 protein alleviates HR inhibition imposed by p53 in BRCA2 deficient cells. In addition, we study the role of RAD52 protein during short replication stress in BRCA2 deficient cells. BRCA2 deficient cells exhibit excessive origin firing and checkpoint evasion in the presence of prevailing DNA damage. Interestingly, overexpression of RAD52 rescues the excessive origin firing and checkpoint defects observed in BRCA2 deficient cells, indicating RAD52 protein compensates for the loss of BRCA2 function. We show that RAD52 protein, just as BRCA2, interacts with pCHK1 checkpoint protein and helps maintain the checkpoint control in BRCA2 deficient cells during DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - B J Rao
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India.
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75
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Kuyooro SE, Akintunde JK, Okekearu FC, Maduagwu EN. Toxicokinetics and Biliary Excretion of N-Nitrosodiethylamine in Rat Supplemented with Low and High Dietary Proteins. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:506-520. [PMID: 30513225 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1471561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although biliary excretion is one of the biological elimination processes for foreign compounds, intake of high-protein diets was hypothesized to enhance their detoxification rates. Hence, this study investigates the effect of differential dietary protein intake on toxicokinetics and biliary excretion in rats following exposure to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The animals were divided into five groups. Groups I and II were exposed to low and high dietary proteins following a single intraperitoneal dose of 43 µg NDEA/kg body weight, respectively. Groups III and IV were equally treated after a combined single intraperitoneal dose of 43 µg NDEA plus 0.022µg AFBI/kg body weight, respectively. Group V was fed with low-protein diets following a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.022µg AFB1/kg body weight. The experiment lasted 35 days. The bile excreted higher amounts of unchanged NDEA than nitrite. The groups placed on high-protein diets (HPD = 64%) eliminated higher amounts of the unchanged NDEA and nitrite than the lower-protein diet (LPD = 8%) groups. Furthermore, the animals fed with high dietary protein (HPD = 64%) depicted short half-life with corresponding increase in elimination rate constant. The presence of AFB1 heightened the excretion of bound NDEA with AFB1 than NDEA only. Generally, this study advocates that N-nitrosodiethylamine and the corresponding metabolites follow hepatobiliary system potentiated by high intake of dietary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kuyooro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bells University of Technology , Ota , Nigeria.,Nutritional Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture , Abeokuta , Nigeria
| | - F C Okekearu
- Nutritional Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - E N Maduagwu
- Nutritional Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
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76
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Morgan MA, Canman CE. Replication Stress: An Achilles' Heel of Glioma Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6713-6716. [PMID: 30498082 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of cancer that is resistant to standard therapy with concurrent radiation and temozolomide, two agents that work by inducing DNA damage. An underlying cause of this resistance may be a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells that display a heightened DNA damage response (DDR). Although this DDR represents an attractive therapeutic target for overcoming the resistance of GBMs to radiotherapy, until now, the cause of this DDR upregulation has not been understood. In a previous issue of Cancer Research, Carruthers and colleagues investigated DNA replication stress as an underlying mechanism responsible for upregulation of the DDR and hence the radiation resistance of glioma stem-like cells. Furthermore, the authors explore the efficacy of combined ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase and PARP inhibitors as a strategy to leverage these mechanisms and overcome radiation resistance.See related article by Carruthers and colleagues, Cancer Res; 78(17); 5060-71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christine E Canman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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77
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Thakur V, Zhang K, Savadelis A, Zmina P, Aguila B, Welford SM, Abdul-Karim F, Bonk KW, Keri RA, Bedogni B. The membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP triggers an outside-in DNA damage response that impacts chemo- and radiotherapy responses of breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 443:115-124. [PMID: 30502358 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in the US. Targeted therapies exist, however resistance is common and patients resort to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is also a main treatment for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients; while radiation is delivered to patients with advanced disease to counteract metastasis. Yet, resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy is still frequent, highlighting a need to provide novel sensitizers. We discovered that MT1-MMP modulates DNA damage responses (DDR) in breast cancer. MT1-MMP expression inversely correlates to chemotherapy response of breast cancer patients. Inhibition of MT1-MMP sensitizes TNBC cells to IR and doxorubicin in vitro, and in vivo in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Specifically, depletion of MT1-MMP causes stalling of replication forks and Double Strand Breaks (DBSs), leading to increased sensitivity to additional genotoxic stresses. These effects are mediated by integrinβ1, as a constitutive active integrinβ1 reverts replication defects and protects cells depleted of MT1-MMP from IR and chemotherapy. These data highlight a novel DNA damage response triggered by MT1-MMP-integrinβ1 and provide a new point of therapeutic targeting that may improve breast cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alyssa Savadelis
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Zmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Brittany Aguila
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Fadi Abdul-Karim
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44119, USA
| | - Kristen W Bonk
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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78
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Kim TH, Yang YM, Han CY, Koo JH, Oh H, Kim SS, You BH, Choi YH, Park TS, Lee CH, Kurose H, Noureddin M, Seki E, Wan YJY, Choi CS, Kim SG. Gα12 ablation exacerbates liver steatosis and obesity by suppressing USP22/SIRT1-regulated mitochondrial respiration. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5587-5602. [PMID: 30300140 DOI: 10.1172/jci97831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) arises from mitochondrial dysfunction under sustained imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms controlling mitochondrial respiration have not been entirely understood. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge with activated GPCRs to modulate cell-signaling pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of G protein α12 (Gα12) on hepatic lipid metabolism and whole-body energy expenditure in mice. Fasting increased Gα12 levels in mouse liver. Gα12 ablation markedly augmented fasting-induced hepatic fat accumulation. cDNA microarray analysis from Gna12-KO liver revealed that the Gα12-signaling pathway regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and PPARα, which are responsible for mitochondrial respiration. Defective induction of SIRT1 upon fasting was observed in the liver of Gna12-KO mice, which was reversed by lentivirus-mediated Gα12 overexpression in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Gα12 stabilized SIRT1 protein through transcriptional induction of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) via HIF-1α increase. Gα12 levels were markedly diminished in liver biopsies from NAFLD patients. Consistently, Gna12-KO mice fed a high-fat diet displayed greater susceptibility to diet-induced liver steatosis and obesity due to decrease in energy expenditure. Our results demonstrate that Gα12 regulates SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial respiration through HIF-1α-dependent USP22 induction, identifying Gα12 as an upstream molecule that contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Oh
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Su Sung Kim
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeoggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Ilsan Dong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeoggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Lee
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Fatty Liver Disease Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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79
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Zheng DQ, Petes TD. Genome Instability Induced by Low Levels of Replicative DNA Polymerases in Yeast. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110539. [PMID: 30405078 PMCID: PMC6267110 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells of solid tumors have very high levels of genome instability of several different types, including deletions, duplications, translocations, and aneuploidy. Much of this instability appears induced by DNA replication stress. As a model for understanding this type of instability, we have examined genome instability in yeast strains that have low levels of two of the replicative DNA polymerases: DNA polymerase α and DNA polymerase δ (Polα and Polδ). We show that low levels of either of these DNA polymerases results in greatly elevated levels of mitotic recombination, chromosome rearrangements, and deletions/duplications. The spectrum of events in the two types of strains, however, differs in a variety of ways. For example, a reduced level of Polδ elevates single-base alterations and small deletions considerably more than a reduced level of Polα. In this review, we will summarize the methods used to monitor genome instability in yeast, and how this analysis contributes to understanding the linkage between genome instability and DNA replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Qiong Zheng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Thomas D Petes
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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80
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Kim D, Kim S, Oh Y, Park S, Jeon Y, Kim H, Lee H, Kim S. AIMP3 Deletion Induces Acute Radiation Syndrome-like Phenotype in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15025. [PMID: 30302025 PMCID: PMC6177475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomes are mostly protected from constant DNA-damaging threats, either internal or external, which ultimately sustain the organism. Herein, we report that AIMP3, a previously demonstrated tumour suppressor, plays an essential role in maintaining genome integrity in adult mice. Upon induction of the temporal systemic deletion of AIMP3 by tamoxifen in adult mice, the animals developed an acute radiation syndrome-like phenotype, typified by scleroderma, hypotrophy of haematopoietic cells and organs, and intestinal failure. Induction of γH2AX, an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks, was observed in the spleen, intestine, and the highly replicating embryonic cortex. In addition, sub-lethal irradiation of AIMP3 mKO mice dramatically affected organ damage and survival. Using isolated MEFs from conditional KO mice or AIMP3 knockdown cells, we confirmed the presence of spontaneously occurring DNA double-strand breaks by COMET assay and γH2AX induction. Furthermore, γH2AX removal was delayed, and homologous DNA repair activity was significantly reduced. Reduction of RPA foci formation and subsequent Rad51 foci formation probably underlie the significant reduction in homologous recombination activity in the absence of AIMP3. Together, our data demonstrate that AIMP3 plays a role in genome stability through the DNA repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Youngsun Oh
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songhwa Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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81
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Chan CH, Chen CM, Lee YHW, You LR. DNA Damage, Liver Injury, and Tumorigenesis: Consequences of DDX3X Loss. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:555-566. [PMID: 30297359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic roles of DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked (DDX3X), including its functions in transcriptional and translational regulation, chromosome segregation, DNA damage, and cell growth control, have highlighted the association between DDX3X and tumorigenesis. However, mRNA transcripts and protein levels of DDX3X in patient specimens have shown the controversial correlations of DDX3X with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevalence. In this study, generation of hepatocyte-specific Ddx3x-knockout mice revealed that loss of Ddx3x facilitates liver tumorigenesis. Loss of Ddx3x led to profound ductular reactions, cell apoptosis, and compensatory proliferation in female mutants at 6 weeks of age. The sustained phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) and significant accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks in liver indicated that the replicative stress occurred in female mutants. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that DDX3X bound to promoter regions and regulated the expression of DNA repair factors, DDB2 and XPA, to maintain genome stability. Loss of Ddx3x led to decreased levels of DNA repair factors, which contributed to an accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage, replication stress, and eventually, spontaneous liver tumors and DEN-induced HCCs in Alb-Cre/+;Ddx3xflox/flox mice. IMPLICATIONS: These data identify an important role of DDX3X in the regulation of DNA damage repair to protect against replication stress in liver and HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hwa Wu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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82
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Whelan DR, Lee WTC, Yin Y, Ofri DM, Bermudez-Hernandez K, Keegan S, Fenyo D, Rothenberg E. Spatiotemporal dynamics of homologous recombination repair at single collapsed replication forks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3882. [PMID: 30250272 PMCID: PMC6155164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a crucial pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. BRCA1/2 breast cancer proteins are key players in HR via their mediation of RAD51 nucleofilament formation and function; however, their individual roles and crosstalk in vivo are unknown. Here we use super-resolution (SR) imaging to map the spatiotemporal kinetics of HR proteins, revealing the interdependent relationships that govern the dynamic interplay and progression of repair events. We show that initial single-stranded DNA/RAD51 nucleofilament formation is mediated by RAD52 or, in the absence of RAD52, by BRCA2. In contrast, only BRCA2 can orchestrate later RAD51 recombinase activity during homology search and resolution. Furthermore, we establish that upstream BRCA1 activity is critical for BRCA2 function. Our analyses reveal the underlying epistatic landscape of RAD51 functional dependence on RAD52, BRCA1, and BRCA2 during HR and explain the phenotypic similarity of diseases associated with mutations in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Ting C Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dylan M Ofri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Keria Bermudez-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Adenovirus 5 E1A-Mediated Suppression of p53 via FUBP1. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00439-18. [PMID: 29743362 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00439-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 (FUBP1) was originally identified as a regulator of the oncogene c-Myc via binding to the FUSE within the c-Myc promoter and activating the expression of the gene. Recent studies have identified FUBP1 as a regulator of transcription, translation, and splicing via its DNA and RNA binding activities. Here we report the identification of FUBP1 as a novel binding partner of E1A. FUBP1 binds directly to E1A via the N terminus (residues 1 to 82) and conserved region 3 (residues 139 to 204) of adenovirus 5 E1A. The depletion of FUBP1 via short interfering RNAs (siRNA) reduces virus growth and drives the upregulation of the cellular stress response by activating the expression of p53-regulated genes. During infection, FUBP1 is relocalized within the nucleus, and it is recruited to viral promoters together with E1A while at the same time being lost from the FUSE upstream of the c-Myc promoter. The depletion of FUBP1 affects viral and cellular gene expression. Importantly, in FUBP1-depleted cells, p53-responsive genes are upregulated, p53 occupancy on target promoters is enhanced, and histone H3 lysine 9 is hyperacetylated. This is likely due to the loss of the FUBP1-mediated suppression of p53 DNA binding. We also observed that E1A stabilizes the FUBP1-p53 complex, preventing p53 promoter binding. Together, our results identify, for the first time, FUBP1 as a novel E1A binding protein that participates in aspects of viral replication and is involved in the E1A-mediated suppression of p53 function.IMPORTANCE Viral infection triggers innate cellular defense mechanisms that have evolved to block virus replication. To overcome this, viruses have counterevolved mechanisms that ensure that cellular defenses are either disarmed or not activated to guarantee successful replication. One of the key regulators of cellular stress is the tumor suppressor p53 that responds to a variety of cellular stress stimuli and safeguards the integrity of the genome. During infection, many viruses target the p53 pathway in order to deactivate it. Here we report that human adenovirus 5 coopts the cellular protein FUBP1 to prevent the activation of the p53 stress response pathway that would block viral replication. This finding adds to our understanding of p53 deactivation by adenovirus and highlights its importance in infection and innate immunity.
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Thomas A, Redon CE, Sciuto L, Padiernos E, Ji J, Lee MJ, Yuno A, Lee S, Zhang Y, Tran L, Yutzy W, Rajan A, Guha U, Chen H, Hassan R, Alewine CC, Szabo E, Bates SE, Kinders RJ, Steinberg SM, Doroshow JH, Aladjem MI, Trepel JB, Pommier Y. Phase I Study of ATR Inhibitor M6620 in Combination With Topotecan in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1594-1602. [PMID: 29252124 PMCID: PMC5978471 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our preclinical work identified depletion of ATR as a top candidate for topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor synthetic lethality and showed that ATR inhibition sensitizes tumors to TOP1 inhibitors. We hypothesized that a combination of selective ATR inhibitor M6620 (previously VX-970) and topotecan, a selective TOP1 inhibitor, would be tolerable and active, particularly in tumors with high replicative stress. Patients and Methods This phase I study tested the combination of M6620 and topotecan in 3-week cycles using 3 + 3 dose escalation. The primary end point was the identification of the maximum tolerated dose of the combination. Efficacy and pharmacodynamics were secondary end points. Results Between September 2016 and February 2017, 21 patients enrolled. The combination was well tolerated, which allowed for dose escalation to the highest planned dose level (topotecan 1.25 mg/m2, days 1 to 5; M6620 210 mg/m2, days 2 and 5). One of six patients at this dose level experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia that required transfusion, a dose-limiting toxicity. Most common treatment-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities were anemia, leukopenia, and neutropenia (19% each); lymphopenia (14%); and thrombocytopenia (10%). Two partial responses (≥ 18 months, ≥ 7 months) and seven stable disease responses ≥ 3 months (median, 9 months; range, 3 to 12 months) were seen. Three of five patients with small-cell lung cancer, all of whom had platinum-refractory disease, had a partial response or prolonged stable disease (10, ≥ 6, and ≥ 7 months). Pharmacodynamic studies showed preliminary evidence of ATR inhibition and enhanced DNA double-stranded breaks in response to the combination. Conclusion To our knowledge, this report is the first of an ATR inhibitor-chemotherapy combination. The maximum dose of topotecan plus M6620 is tolerable. The combination seems particularly active in platinum-refractory small-cell lung cancer, which tends not to respond to topotecan alone. Phase II studies with biomarker evaluation are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Thomas
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christophe E. Redon
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Linda Sciuto
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emerson Padiernos
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Akira Yuno
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lan Tran
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - William Yutzy
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Arun Rajan
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Udayan Guha
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Haobin Chen
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christine C. Alewine
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eva Szabo
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Susan E. Bates
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert J. Kinders
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jane B. Trepel
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yves Pommier
- Anish Thomas, Christophe E. Redon, Linda Sciuto, Emerson Padiernos, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Sunmin Lee, Arun Rajan, Udayan Guha, Haobin Chen, Raffit Hassan, Christine C. Alewine, Eva Szabo, Seth M. Steinberg, James H. Doroshow, Mirit I. Aladjem, Jane B. Trepel, and Yves Pommier, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Jiuping Ji, Yiping Zhang, Lan Tran, William Yutzy, and Robert J. Kinders, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and Susan E. Bates, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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A novel oral camptothecin analog, gimatecan, exhibits superior antitumor efficacy than irinotecan toward esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:661. [PMID: 29855512 PMCID: PMC5981453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a frequently diagnosed and deadly malignancy with few standard therapeutic options. Camptothecins are considered one of the most promising antitumor drugs. A modified lipophilic analog, gimatecan, was synthesized as a novel oral camptothecin and showed impressive effects in various tumors, but its therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in ESCC remain unclear. This study investigated the antitumor efficacy and mechanisms of gimatecan in ECSS both in vitro and in vivo. Using ESCC cell lines, cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts models, we evaluated gimatecan’s inhibition of tumor growth, and compared its antitumor efficacy with that of irinotecan. Topoisomerase I function and expression were assessed using the DNA relaxation assay and Western blotting, respectively. DNA damage was evaluated by Western blotting. Cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Gimatecan could significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo and inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro, which was superior to irinotecan. Gimatecan suppressed the function and expression of topoisomerase I. It also caused DNA damage and activated the phosphorylation of multiple checkpoint gatekeepers, such as ATM, ATR, BRCA1, H2AX, CHK1, CHK2, and p53. It induced S phase arrest, enhanced the expression of p21WAF1/CIP, and suppressed the expression of CDK2 and cyclin A. Induction of apoptosis was accompanied by increases in Bax, cleaved-caspase 3 activation, cleaved-caspase 9 induction, and a decrease in Bcl-2. The molecular and phenotypic changes induced by gimatecan were stronger than that of irinotecan. In ESCC, gimatecan suppressed the expression and function of topoisomerase I, induced DNA damage and intra-S phase cell cycle arrest, and resulted in apoptosis. And the results suggest that gimatecan has higher potency in inhibiting ESCC tumor growth than irinotecan, providing a rational novel therapeutic strategy for future clinical evaluation.
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Zhu J, Tsai HJ, Gordon MR, Li R. Cellular Stress Associated with Aneuploidy. Dev Cell 2018; 44:420-431. [PMID: 29486194 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, chromosome stoichiometry that deviates from exact multiples of the haploid compliment of an organism, exists in eukaryotic microbes, several normal human tissues, and the majority of solid tumors. Here, we review the current understanding about the cellular stress states that may result from aneuploidy. The topics of aneuploidy-induced proteotoxic, metabolic, replication, and mitotic stress are assessed in the context of the gene dosage imbalance observed in aneuploid cells. We also highlight emerging findings related to the downstream effects of aneuploidy-induced cellular stress on the immune surveillance against aneuploid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hung-Ji Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Molly R Gordon
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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André LM, Ausems CRM, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis, Growth, and Regeneration in Myotonic Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 29892259 PMCID: PMC5985300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant degenerative neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia with progeroid features. Although both DM1 and DM2 are characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction and also share other clinical features, the diseases differ in the muscle groups that are affected. In DM1, distal muscles are mainly affected, whereas in DM2 problems are mostly found in proximal muscles. In addition, manifestation in DM1 is generally more severe, with possible congenital or childhood-onset of disease and prominent CNS involvement. DM1 and DM2 are caused by expansion of (CTG•CAG)n and (CCTG•CAGG)n repeats in the 3' non-coding region of DMPK and in intron 1 of CNBP, respectively, and in overlapping antisense genes. This critical review will focus on the pleiotropic problems that occur during development, growth, regeneration, and aging of skeletal muscle in patients who inherited these expansions. The current best-accepted idea is that most muscle symptoms can be explained by pathomechanistic effects of repeat expansion on RNA-mediated pathways. However, aberrations in DNA replication and transcription of the DM loci or in protein translation and proteome homeostasis could also affect the control of proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells or the maintenance and physiological integrity of muscle fibers during a patient's lifetime. Here, we will discuss these molecular and cellular processes and summarize current knowledge about the role of embryonic and adult muscle-resident stem cells in growth, homeostasis, regeneration, and premature aging of healthy and diseased muscle tissue. Of particular interest is that also progenitor cells from extramuscular sources, such as pericytes and mesoangioblasts, can participate in myogenic differentiation. We will examine the potential of all these types of cells in the application of regenerative medicine for muscular dystrophies and evaluate new possibilities for their use in future therapy of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène M André
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Rosanne M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Parisotto M, Grelet E, El Bizri R, Dai Y, Terzic J, Eckert D, Gargowitsch L, Bornert JM, Metzger D. PTEN deletion in luminal cells of mature prostate induces replication stress and senescence in vivo. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1749-1763. [PMID: 29743291 PMCID: PMC5987915 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic ablation of the tumor suppressor PTEN in prostatic epithelial cells (PECs) induces cell senescence. However, unlike oncogene-induced senescence, no hyperproliferation phase and no signs of DNA damage response (DDR) were observed in PTEN-deficient PECs; PTEN loss-induced senescence (PICS) was reported to be a novel type of cellular senescence. Our study reveals that PTEN ablation in prostatic luminal epithelial cells of adult mice stimulates PEC proliferation, followed by a progressive growth arrest with characteristics of cell senescence. Importantly, we also show that proliferating PTEN-deficient PECs undergo replication stress and mount a DDR leading to p53 stabilization, which is however delayed by Mdm2-mediated p53 down-regulation. Thus, even though PTEN-deficiency induces cellular senescence that restrains tumor progression, as it involves replication stress, strategies promoting PTEN loss-induced senescence are at risk for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Parisotto
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Elise Grelet
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Rana El Bizri
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Yongyuan Dai
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Julie Terzic
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Doriane Eckert
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Gargowitsch
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bornert
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
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89
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SNM1B/Apollo in the DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48398-48409. [PMID: 28430596 PMCID: PMC5564657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
hSNM1B/Apollo is a member of the highly conserved β-CASP subgroup within the MBL superfamily of proteins. It interacts with several DNA repair proteins and functions within the Fanconi anemia pathway in response to DNA interstrand crosslinks. As a shelterin accessory protein, hSNM1B/Apollo is also vital for the generation and maintenance of telomeric overhangs. In this review, we will summarize studies on hSNM1B/Apollo's function, including its contribution to DNA damage signaling, replication fork maintenance, control of topological stress and telomere protection. Furthermore, we will highlight recent studies illustrating hSNM1B/Apollo's putative role in human disease.
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90
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Abbas HHK, Alhamoudi KMH, Evans MD, Jones GDD, Foster SS. MTH1 deficiency selectively increases non-cytotoxic oxidative DNA damage in lung cancer cells: more bad news than good? BMC Cancer 2018; 18:423. [PMID: 29661172 PMCID: PMC5903006 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapies are based on exploiting cancer-cell-specific genetic features or phenotypic traits to selectively kill cancer cells while leaving normal cells unaffected. Oxidative stress is a cancer hallmark phenotype. Given that free nucleotide pools are particularly vulnerable to oxidation, the nucleotide pool sanitising enzyme, MTH1, is potentially conditionally essential in cancer cells. However, findings from previous MTH1 studies have been contradictory, meaning the relevance of MTH1 in cancer is still to be determined. Here we ascertained the role of MTH1 specifically in lung cancer cell maintenance, and the potential of MTH1 inhibition as a targeted therapy strategy to improve lung cancer treatments. Methods Using siRNA-mediated knockdown or small-molecule inhibition, we tested the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTH1 deficiency on H23 (p53-mutated), H522 (p53-mutated) and A549 (wildtype p53) non-small cell lung cancer cell lines relative to normal MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. We also assessed if MTH1 inhibition augments current therapies. Results MTH1 knockdown increased levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and DNA damage signaling alterations in all lung cancer cell lines but not normal fibroblasts, despite no detectable differences in reactive oxygen species levels between any cell lines. Furthermore, MTH1 knockdown reduced H23 cell proliferation. However, unexpectedly, it did not induce apoptosis in any cell line or enhance the effects of gemcitabine, cisplatin or radiation in combination treatments. Contrastingly, TH287 and TH588 MTH1 inhibitors induced apoptosis in H23 and H522 cells, but only increased oxidative DNA damage levels in H23, indicating that they kill cells independently of DNA oxidation and seemingly via MTH1-distinct mechanisms. Conclusions MTH1 has a NSCLC-specific p53-independent role for suppressing DNA oxidation and genomic instability, though surprisingly the basis of this may not be reactive-oxygen-species-associated oxidative stress. Despite this, overall our cell viability data indicates that targeting MTH1 will likely not be an across-the-board effective NSCLC therapeutic strategy; rather it induces non-cytotoxic DNA damage that could promote cancer heterogeneity and evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4332-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein H K Abbas
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Kheloud M H Alhamoudi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mark D Evans
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - George D D Jones
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Steven S Foster
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK.
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91
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Hong DS, Moore K, Patel M, Grant SC, Burris HA, William WN, Jones S, Meric-Bernstam F, Infante J, Golden L, Zhang W, Martinez R, Wijayawardana S, Beckmann R, Lin AB, Eng C, Bendell J. Evaluation of Prexasertib, a Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in a Phase Ib Study of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3263-3272. [PMID: 29643063 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Prexasertib, a checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, demonstrated single-agent activity in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the dose-escalation portion of a phase I study (NCT01115790). Monotherapy prexasertib was further evaluated in patients with advanced SCC.Patients and Methods: Patients were given prexasertib 105 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion on day 1 of a 14-day cycle. Expansion cohorts were defined by tumor and treatment line. Safety, tolerability, efficacy, and exploratory biomarkers were analyzed.Results: Prexasertib was given to 101 patients, including 26 with SCC of the anus, 57 with SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN), and 16 with squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). Patients were heavily pretreated (49% ≥3 prior regimens). The most common treatment-related adverse event was grade 4 neutropenia (71%); 12% of patients had febrile neutropenia. Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months [90% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-4.2] for SCC of the anus, 1.6 months (90% CI, 1.4-2.8) for SCCHN, and 3.0 months (90% CI, 1.4-3.9) for sqNSCLC. The clinical benefit rate at 3 months (complete response + partial response + stable disease) across tumors was 29% (23% SCC of the anus, 28% SCCHN, 44% sqNSCLC). Four patients with SCC of the anus had partial or complete response [overall response rate (ORR) = 15%], and three patients with SCCHN had partial response (ORR = 5%). Biomarker analyses focused on genes that altered DNA damage response or increased replication stress.Conclusions: Prexasertib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and single-agent activity in patients with advanced SCC. The prexasertib maximum-tolerated dose of 105 mg/m2 was confirmed as the recommended phase II dose. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3263-72. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Manish Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Stefan C Grant
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Suzanne Jones
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jeffrey Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa Golden
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | - Cathy Eng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee
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92
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MOF Suppresses Replication Stress and Contributes to Resolution of Stalled Replication Forks. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00484-17. [PMID: 29298824 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00484-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human MOF (hMOF) protein belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases and plays a critical role in transcription and the DNA damage response. MOF is essential for cell proliferation; however, its role during replication and replicative stress is unknown. Here we demonstrate that cells depleted of MOF and under replicative stress induced by cisplatin, hydroxyurea, or camptothecin have reduced survival, a higher frequency of S-phase-specific chromosome damage, and increased R-loop formation. MOF depletion decreased replication fork speed and, when combined with replicative stress, also increased stalled replication forks as well as new origin firing. MOF interacted with PCNA, a key coordinator of replication and repair machinery at replication forks, and affected its ubiquitination and recruitment to the DNA damage site. Depletion of MOF, therefore, compromised the DNA damage repair response as evidenced by decreased Mre11, RPA70, Rad51, and PCNA focus formation, reduced DNA end resection, and decreased CHK1 phosphorylation in cells after exposure to hydroxyurea or cisplatin. These results support the argument that MOF plays an important role in suppressing replication stress induced by genotoxic agents at several stages during the DNA damage response.
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93
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Cupello S, Richardson C, Yan S. Cell-free Xenopus egg extracts for studying DNA damage response pathways. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 60:229-236. [PMID: 27160070 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.160113sy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to a variety of DNA replication stress or DNA damaging agents, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are triggered for cells to coordinate DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and senescence. Cell-free Xenopus egg extracts, derived from the eggs of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), have been widely used for studies concerning DDR pathways. In this review, we focus on how different experimental systems have been established using Xenopus egg extracts to investigate the DDR pathways that are activated in response to DNA replication stress, double-strand breaks (DSBs), inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs), and oxidative stress. We summarize how molecular details of DDR pathways are dissected by the mechanistic studies with Xenopus egg extracts. We also provide an update on the regulation of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases (Pol ĸ and REV1) in the DDR pathways. A better understanding of DDR pathways using Xenopus egg extracts has opened new avenues for future cancer therapeutics. Finally, we offer our perspectives of future directions for studies of DDR pathways with Xenopus egg extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cupello
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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94
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Fernandez-Vidal A, Vignard J, Mirey G. Around and beyond 53BP1 Nuclear Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122611. [PMID: 29206178 PMCID: PMC5751214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the nucleus, sub-nuclear domains define territories where specific functions occur. Nuclear bodies (NBs) are dynamic structures that concentrate nuclear factors and that can be observed microscopically. Recently, NBs containing the p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), a key component of the DNA damage response, were defined. Interestingly, 53BP1 NBs are visualized during G1 phase, in daughter cells, while DNA damage was generated in mother cells and not properly processed. Unlike most NBs involved in transcriptional processes, replication has proven to be key for 53BP1 NBs, with replication stress leading to the formation of these large chromatin domains in daughter cells. In this review, we expose the composition and organization of 53BP1 NBs and focus on recent findings regarding their regulation and dynamics. We then concentrate on the importance of the replication stress, examine the relation of 53BP1 NBs with DNA damage and discuss their dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fernandez-Vidal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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95
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Foy V, Schenk MW, Baker K, Gomes F, Lallo A, Frese KK, Forster M, Dive C, Blackhall F. Targeting DNA damage in SCLC. Lung Cancer 2017; 114:12-22. [PMID: 29173760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SCLC accounts for 15% of lung cancer worldwide. Characterised by early dissemination and rapid development of chemo-resistant disease, less than 5% of patients survive 5 years. Despite 3 decades of clinical trials there has been no change to the standard platinum and etoposide regimen for first line treatment developed in the 1970's. The exceptionally high number of genomic aberrations observed in SCLC combined with the characteristic rapid cellular proliferation results in accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability. To flourish in this precarious genomic context, SCLC cells are reliant on functional DNA damage repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints. Current cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy treatments for SCLC have long been known to act by induction of DNA damage and the response of cancer cells to such damage determines treatment efficacy. Recent years have witnessed improved understanding of strategies to exploit DNA damage and repair mechanisms in order to increase treatment efficacy. This review will summarise the rationale to target DNA damage response in SCLC, the progress made in evaluating novel DDR inhibitors and highlight various ongoing challenges for their clinical development in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Foy
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Maximilian W Schenk
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Katie Baker
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UK
| | - Fabio Gomes
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Oncologia Medica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Lallo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Forster
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UK
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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96
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Minakawa Y, Shimizu A, Matsuno Y, Yoshioka KI. Genomic Destabilization Triggered by Replication Stress during Senescence. Cancers (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5704177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers develop after middle age, and are often associated with multiple mutations and genomic instability, implying that genomic destabilization is critical for age-related tumor development. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding (1) the senescent cellular background, which is associated with a higher risk of genomic destabilization; and (2) the contributions of genomic destabilization to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minakawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence:
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97
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Both DNA Polymerases δ and ε Contact Active and Stalled Replication Forks Differently. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00190-17. [PMID: 28784720 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00190-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three DNA polymerases, polymerases α, δ, and ε (Pol α, Pol δ, and Pol ε), are responsible for eukaryotic genome duplication. When DNA replication stress is encountered, DNA synthesis stalls until the stress is ameliorated. However, it is not known whether there is a difference in the association of each polymerase with active and stalled replication forks. Here, we show that each DNA polymerase has a distinct pattern of association with active and stalled replication forks. Pol α is enriched at extending Okazaki fragments of active and stalled forks. In contrast, although Pol δ contacts the nascent lagging strands of active and stalled forks, it binds to only the matured (and not elongating) Okazaki fragments of stalled forks. Pol ε has greater contact with the nascent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of the leading strand on active forks than on stalled forks. We propose that the configuration of DNA polymerases at stalled forks facilitates the resumption of DNA synthesis after stress removal.
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98
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Sisakova A, Altmannova V, Sebesta M, Krejci L. Role of PCNA and RFC in promoting Mus81-complex activity. BMC Biol 2017; 15:90. [PMID: 28969641 PMCID: PMC5625722 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proper DNA replication is essential for faithful transmission of the genome. However, replication stress has serious impact on the integrity of the cell, leading to stalling or collapse of replication forks, and has been determined as a driving force of carcinogenesis. Mus81-Mms4 complex is a structure-specific endonuclease previously shown to be involved in processing of aberrant replication intermediates and promotes POLD3-dependent DNA synthesis via break-induced replication. However, how replication components might be involved in this process is not known. Results Herein, we show the interaction and robust stimulation of Mus81-Mms4 nuclease activity by heteropentameric replication factor C (RFC) complex, the processivity factor of replicative DNA polymerases that is responsible for loading of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) during DNA replication and repair. This stimulation is enhanced by RFC-dependent ATP hydrolysis and by PCNA loading on the DNA. Moreover, this stimulation is not specific to Rfc1, the largest of subunit of this complex, thus indicating that alternative clamp loaders may also play a role in the stimulation. We also observed a targeting of Mus81 by RFC to the nick-containing DNA substrate and we provide further evidence that indicates cooperation between Mus81 and the RFC complex in the repair of DNA lesions generated by various DNA-damaging agents. Conclusions Identification of new interacting partners and modulators of Mus81-Mms4 nuclease, RFC, and PCNA imply the cooperation of these factors in resolution of stalled replication forks and branched DNA structures emanating from the restarted replication forks under conditions of replication stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0429-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sisakova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Altmannova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sebesta
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic.,Present address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic. .,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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99
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Fendler WP, Cutler C. More α Than β for Prostate Cancer? J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1709-1710. [PMID: 28935836 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Cathy Cutler
- Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
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100
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Carrassa L, Damia G. DNA damage response inhibitors: Mechanisms and potential applications in cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:139-151. [PMID: 28961555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade the unravelling of the molecular mechanisms of the DNA damage response pathways and of the genomic landscape of human tumors have paved the road to new therapeutic approaches in oncology. It is now clear that tumors harbour defects in different DNA damage response steps, mainly signalling and repair, rendering them more dependent on the remaining pathways. We here focus on the proteins ATM, ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, reviewing their roles in the DNA damage response and as targets in cancer therapy. In the last decade specific inhibitors of these proteins have been designed, and their potential antineoplastic activity has been explored both in monotherapy strategies against tumors with specific defects (synthetic lethality approach) and in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic or molecular targeted agents. The preclinical and clinical evidence of antitumor activity of these inhibitors emanating from these research efforts will be critically reviewed. Lastly, the potential therapeutic feasibility of combining together such inhibitors with the aim to target particular subsets of tumors will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
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