51
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Xue A, Niu G, Chen Y, Li K, Xiao Z, Luan Y, Sun C, Xie X, Zhang D, Du X, Kong F, Guo Y, Zhang H, Cheng G, Xin Q, Guan Y, Zhao S. Recellularization of well-preserved decellularized kidney scaffold using adipose tissue-derived stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:805-814. [PMID: 29067774 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aibing Xue
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Guangzhu Niu
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Kailin Li
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhiying Xiao
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yun Luan
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiaoshuai Xie
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiaohang Du
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Qian Xin
- Department of Central Research Lab; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Department of Urology; The Second Hospital, Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Urology; The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
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Wen Y, Guo Y, Huang Z, Cai J, Wang Z. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cisplatin-induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9587-9592. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Chu Y, Yue B, Ma X, Zhang G, Xiang H, Liu Y, Wang T, Wu X, Chen B. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis by activating the STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23803-23816. [PMID: 28423603 PMCID: PMC5410345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and young adults, but the role of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in the rapid progression of osteosarcoma is still unclear. Here, we found that ADSCs promoted tumour growth and invasion by increasing matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP2/9) expression in tumour cells. The persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to directly promote tumour growth by mediating a wide spectrum of cellular responses, and STAT3 activation was detected in osteosarcoma cells co-cultured with ADSCs or treated with ADSC-conditioned medium. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated STAT3 inhibition in osteosarcoma cells decreased cell proliferation and invasion and down-regulated MMP2/9 expression. In addition, a nude mouse model of osteosarcoma was established by injecting luciferase-labelled MG63 cells into the tibia. As shown in in vivo bioluminescence images, ADSCs promoted tumour cell proliferation, invasion progression and metastasis. STAT3 inhibition attenuated tumour growth and metastasis and prolonged the survival of these mice. After the siRNA treatment, the MMP2, MMP9 and Ki67 levels decreased. Based on these data, stromal ADSCs promote osteosarcoma progression by increasing STAT3 signalling-mediated MMP2/9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijing Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Yue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bohua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Gómez-Cuadrado L, Tracey N, Ma R, Qian B, Brunton VG. Mouse models of metastasis: progress and prospects. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1061-1074. [PMID: 28883015 PMCID: PMC5611969 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are devastating as metastatic disease accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths. The formation of metastases is the result of a series of events that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary site, survive in the lymphatic system or blood vessels, extravasate and grow at distant sites. The metastatic capacity of a tumor is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes within the cancer cells as well as contributions from cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mouse models have proven to be an important tool for unraveling the complex interactions involved in the metastatic cascade and delineating its many stages. Here, we critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the current mouse models and highlight the recent advances that have been made using these models in our understanding of metastasis. We also discuss the use of these models for testing potential therapies and the challenges associated with the translation of these findings into the provision of new and effective treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Natasha Tracey
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Binzhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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55
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Zhao Y, Zhang H. Update on the mechanisms of homing of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Cytotherapy 2017; 18:816-27. [PMID: 27260205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which resemble bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), have shown great advantages and promise in the field of regenerative medicine. They can be readily harvested in large numbers with low donor-site morbidity. To date, a great number of preclinical and clinical studies have shown ADSCs' safety and efficacy in regenerative medicine. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms of homing of ADSCs is needed to advance the clinical utility of this therapy. In this review, the reports of the homing of ADSCs were searched using Pubmed and Google Scholar to update our knowledge. ADSCs were proved to interact with endothelial cells by expressing the similar integrins with BMSCs. In addition, ADSCs do not possess the dominant ligand for P-selectin, just like BMSCs. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 and CXC ligand-5 (CXCL5)/CXCR2 interactions are the two main axes governing ADSCs extravasation from bone marrow vessels. Some more signaling pathways involved in migration of ADSCs have been investigated, including LPA/LPA1 signaling pathway, MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathway, RhoA/Rock signaling pathway and PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling pathway. Status quo of a lack of intensive studies on the details of homing of ADSCs should be improved in the near future before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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56
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Takigawa H, Kitadai Y, Shinagawa K, Yuge R, Higashi Y, Tanaka S, Yasui W, Chayama K. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Colon Cancer Cells through Direct Cell-to-Cell Contact. Neoplasia 2017; 19:429-438. [PMID: 28433772 PMCID: PMC5402629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human colon cancer, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrated to the tumor stroma and promoted tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we evaluated the proliferation and migration ability of cancer cells cocultured with MSCs to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between cancer cells and MSCs. Proliferation and migration of cancer cells increased following direct coculture with MSCs but not following indirect coculture. Thus, we hypothesized that direct contact between cancer cells and MSCs was important. We performed a microarray analysis of gene expression in KM12SM colon cancer cells directly cocultured with MSCs. Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes such as fibronectin (FN), SPARC, and galectin 1 was increased by direct coculture with MSCs. We also confirmed the upregulation of these genes with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression was not elevated in cancer cells indirectly cocultured with MSCs. Among the EMT-related genes upregulated by direct coculture with MSCs, we examined the immune localization of FN, a well-known EMT marker. In coculture assay in chamber slides, expression of FN was seen only at the edges of cancer clusters where cancer cells directly contacted MSCs. FN expression in cancer cells increased at the tumor periphery and invasive edge in orthotopic nude mouse tumors and human colon cancer tissues. These results suggest that MSCs induce EMT in colon cancer cells via direct cell-to-cell contact and may play an important role in colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Takigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Health and Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of Endoscopy and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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57
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Zhang Y, Dong W, Wang J, Cai J, Wang Z. Human omental adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium alters the proteomic profile of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1655-1663. [PMID: 28360526 PMCID: PMC5364023 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s129502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to participate in the formation of supportive tumor stroma. The abilities of proliferation and invasion of human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells were significantly enhanced when indirectly cocultured with human omental adipose-derived MSCs (O-ADSCs) in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, EOC cells were cultured with conditioned medium (CM) from O-ADSCs (O-ADSC), and the effect of O-ADSC CM on the proteomic profile of EOC cells was assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The 2-DE assays revealed a global increase in protein expression in the EOC cells treated with CM. Nine proteins were identified from 11 selected protein spots with differential expression after treatment with CM from O-ADSCs. All the nine proteins have been linked to carcinoma and apoptosis, and the migration ability of tumor cells can be regulated by these proteins. Moreover, the upregulation of prohibitin and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 in EOC cells treated with CM was further confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that O-ADSCs affect the proteomic profile of EOC cells via paracrine mechanism in favor of EOC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Weihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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58
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Zhang C, Yang SJ, Wen Q, Zhong JF, Chen XL, Stucky A, Press MF, Zhang X. Human-derived normal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in anticancer therapies. J Cancer 2017; 8:85-96. [PMID: 28123601 PMCID: PMC5264043 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only plays a pivotal role during cancer progression and metastasis, but also has profound effects on therapeutic efficacy. Stromal cells of the TME are increasingly becoming a key consideration in the development of active anticancer therapeutics. However, dispute concerning the role of stromal cells to fight cancer continues because the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as an anticancer agent is dependent on the specific MSCs subtype, in vitro or in vivo conditions, factors secreted by MSCs, types of cancer cell lines and interactions between MSCs, cancer cells and host immune cells. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of human-derived normal MSCs in anticancer therapies. We first discuss the use of different MSCs in the therapies for various cancers. We then focus on their anticancer mechanism and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Andres Stucky
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.; Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.; Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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59
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Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells exhibit intrinsic anti-tumor properties on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37019. [PMID: 27845405 PMCID: PMC5109482 DOI: 10.1038/srep37019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal tumor of all gynecologic tumors. There is no curative therapy for EOC thus far. The tumor-homing ability of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide the promising potential to use them as vehicles to transport therapeutic agents to the site of tumor. Meanwhile, studies have showed the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of MSCs against various kinds of cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer. Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnSCs) derived from menstrual blood are a novel source for adult MSCs and exert restorative function in some diseases. Whether EnSCs endow innate anti-tumor properties on EOC cells has never been reported. By using tumor-bearing animal model and ex vivo experiments, we found that EnSCs attenuated tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, disturbing mitochondria membrane potential and decreasing pro-angiogenic ability in EOC cells in vitro and/or in vivo. Furthermore, EnSCs decreased AKT phosphorylation and promoted nuclear translocation of Forkhead box O-3a (FoxO3a) in EOC cells. Collectively, our findings elucidated the potential intrinsic anti-tumor properties of EnSCs on EOC cells in vivo and in vitro. This research provides a potential strategy for EnSC-based anti-cancer therapy against epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Karachalios C, Bakas P, Kaparos G, Demeridou S, Liapis I, Grigoriadis C, Liapis A. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene promoter polymorphisms: A potential risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:337-343. [PMID: 27588175 PMCID: PMC4997987 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common multifactorial condition. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of breaking down various connective tissue elements. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory areas of MMP-encoding genes can alter their transcription rate, and therefore the possible effect on pelvic floor supporting structures. The insertion of an adenine (A) base in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene at position -1612/-1617 produces a sequence of six adenines (6A), whereas the other allele has five (5A). The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of MMP-3 gene promoter SNPs with the risk of POP. The patient group comprised 80 women with clinically significant POP [Stage II, III or IV; POP quantification (POP-Q) system]. The control group consisted of 80 females without any or important pelvic floor support defects (Stages 0 or I; POP-Q system). All the participants underwent the same preoperative evaluation. SNP detection was determined with whole blood sample DNA analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in LightCycler® PCR platforms, using the technique of sequence-specific hybridization probe-binding assays and melting temperature curve analysis. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference between 5A/5A, 5A/6A and 6A/6A MMP-3 gene promoter variants in the two study groups (P=0.4758). Therefore, MMP-3 gene promoter SNPs alone is insufficient to increase the genetic susceptibility to POP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Karachalios
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Georgios Kaparos
- Department of Biopathology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Styliani Demeridou
- Department of Biopathology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Ilias Liapis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Charalampos Grigoriadis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Aggelos Liapis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
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