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McTiernan CF. Improving Left Ventricular Myocardial Function After Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:657-659. [PMID: 30167549 PMCID: PMC6113519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles F. McTiernan
- Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Charles F. McTiernan, Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife 631a, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
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Knezevic T, Myers VD, Su F, Wang J, Song J, Zhang XQ, Gao E, Gao G, Muniswamy M, Gupta MK, Gordon J, Weiner KN, Rabinowitz J, Ramsey FV, Tilley DG, Khalili K, Cheung JY, Feldman AM. Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 9 - Driven Expression of BAG3 Improves Left Ventricular Function in Murine Hearts with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary to a Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:647-656. [PMID: 28164169 PMCID: PMC5289821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BAG3 is a highly conserved protein having pleiotropic effects that is expressed at high levels in the heart, skeletal muscles, and many cancers. BAG3 levels are reduced in many forms of LV dysfunction including mice after ligation of the left coronary artery. Retro-orbital injection of mice with an adeno-associated virus coupled to murine BAG3 under the control of a CMV promoter (rAAV9-BAG3) increased myocardial levels of BAG3 by 7 days post-injection. Retro-orbital injection of rAAV9-BAG3 in mice post-myocardial infarction improved LV function, whereas rAAV9-BAG3 had no effect on LV function in the absence of an MI. BAG3 may prove to be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of heart failure.
Mutations in Bcl-2–associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) were associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Retro-orbital injection of an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 expressing BAG3 (rAAV9-BAG3) significantly (p < 0.0001) improved left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume 9 days post-injection in mice with cardiac dysfunction secondary to a myocardial infarction. Furthermore, myocytes isolated from mice 3 weeks after injection showed improved cell shortening, enhanced systolic [Ca2+]i and increased [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes, and increased maximal L-type Ca2+ current amplitude. These results suggest that BAG3 gene therapy may provide a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Knezevic
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennslyvnaia; Department of Neuroscience, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie D Myers
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Feifei Su
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cardiology, TangDu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - JuFang Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xue-Qian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guofeng Gao
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madesh Muniswamy
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish K Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen N Weiner
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Rabinowitz
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederick V Ramsey
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennslyvnaia
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Translational Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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53
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Su F, Myers VD, Knezevic T, Wang J, Gao E, Madesh M, Tahrir FG, Gupta MK, Gordon J, Rabinowitz J, Ramsey FV, Tilley DG, Khalili K, Cheung JY, Feldman AM. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90931. [PMID: 27882354 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an evolutionarily conserved protein expressed at high levels in the heart and the vasculature and in many cancers. While altered BAG3 expression has been associated with cardiac dysfunction, its role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is unknown. To test the hypothesis that BAG3 protects the heart from reperfusion injury, in vivo cardiac function was measured in hearts infected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9-expressing (rAAV9-expressing) BAG3 or GFP and subjected to I/R. To elucidate molecular mechanisms by which BAG3 protects against I/R injury, neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs) in which BAG3 levels were modified by adenovirus expressing (Ad-expressing) BAG3 or siBAG3 were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). H/R significantly reduced NMVC BAG3 levels, which were associated with enhanced expression of apoptosis markers, decreased expression of autophagy markers, and reduced autophagy flux. The deleterious effects of H/R on apoptosis and autophagy were recapitulated by knockdown of BAG3 with Ad-siBAG3 and were rescued by Ad-BAG3. In vivo, treatment of mice with rAAV9-BAG3 prior to I/R significantly decreased infarct size and improved left ventricular function when compared with mice receiving rAAV9-GFP and improved markers of autophagy and apoptosis. These findings suggest that BAG3 may provide a therapeutic target in patients undergoing reperfusion after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Su
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA.,Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Valerie D Myers
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frederick V Ramsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, and
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
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54
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The prosurvival protein BAG3: a new participant in vascular homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2431. [PMID: 27763645 PMCID: PMC5133988 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), is constitutively expressed in a few normal cell types, including myocytes, peripheral nerves and in the brain, and is also expressed in certain tumors. To date, the main studies about the role of BAG3 are focused on its pro-survival effect in tumors through various mechanisms that vary according to cellular type. Recently, elevated concentrations of a soluble form of BAG3 were described in patients affected by advanced stage of heart failure (HF), identifying BAG3 as a potentially useful biomarker in monitoring HF progression. Despite the finding of high levels of BAG3 in the sera of HF patients, there are no data on its possible role on the modulation of vascular tone and blood pressure levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible hemodynamic effects of BAG3 performing both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Through vascular reactivity studies, we demonstrate that BAG3 is capable of evoking dose-dependent vasorelaxation. Of note, BAG3 exerts its vasorelaxant effect on resistance vessels, typically involved in the blood pressure regulation. Our data further show that the molecular mechanism through which BAG3 exerts this effect is the activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway leading to nitric oxide release by endothelial cells. Finally, we show that in vivo BAG3 administration is capable of regulating blood pressure and that this is dependent on eNOS regulation since this ability is lost in eNOS KO animals.
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Tahrir FG, Knezevic T, Gupta MK, Gordon J, Cheung JY, Feldman AM, Khalili K. Evidence for the Role of BAG3 in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:797-805. [PMID: 27381181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities impact the development of myofibrillar myopathies. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria from cells is of great importance toward understanding the molecular events involved in the genesis of cardiomyopathy. Earlier studies have ascribed a role for BAG3 in the development of cardiomyopathy in experimental animals leading to the identification of BAG3 mutations in patients with heart failure which may play a part in the onset of disease development and progression. BAG3 is co-chaperone of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which has been shown to modulate apoptosis and autophagy, in several cell models. In this study, we explore the potential role of BAG3 in mitochondrial quality control. We demonstrate that siRNA mediated suppression of BAG3 production in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) significantly elevates the level of Parkin, a key component of mitophagy. We found that both BAG3 and Parkin are recruited to depolarized mitochondria and promote mitophagy. Suppression of BAG3 in NRVCs significantly reduces autophagy flux and eliminates clearance of Tom20, an essential import receptor for mitochondria proteins, after induction of mitophagy. These observations suggest that BAG3 is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis under stress conditions, and disruptions in BAG3 expression impact cardiomyocyte function. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 797-805, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh G Tahrir
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tijana Knezevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish K Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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56
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Behl C. Breaking BAG: The Co-Chaperone BAG3 in Health and Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:672-688. [PMID: 27162137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human BAG (Bcl-2-associated athanogene) proteins form a family of antiapoptotic proteins that currently consists of six members (BAG1-6) all sharing the BAG protein domain from which the name arises. Via this domain, BAG proteins bind to the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), thereby acting as a co-chaperone regulating the activity of Hsp70. In addition to their antiapoptotic activity, all human BAG proteins have distinct functions in health and disease, and BAG3 in particular is the focus of many investigations. BAG3 has a modular protein domain composition offering the possibility for manifold interactions with other proteins. Various BAG3 functions are implicated in disorders including cancer, myopathies, and neurodegeneration. The discovery of its role in selective autophagy and the description of BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy as an adaptive mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis, under stress as well as during aging, make BAG3 a highly interesting target for future pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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