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Patterns of Species Richness and Turnover for the South American Rodent Fauna. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151895. [PMID: 26999278 PMCID: PMC4801412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of species sheds light on the group’s biogeographical history, offers clues to the drivers of diversity, and helps to guide conservation strategies. Here, we compile geographic range information for South America’s diverse rodents, whose 14 families comprise ~50% of the continent’s mammalian species. The South American rodent fauna is dominated by independent and temporally staggered radiations of caviomorph and sigmodontine groups. We mapped species richness and turnover of all rodents and the principal clades to identify the main predictors of diversity patterns. Species richness was highest in the Andes, with a secondary hotspot in Atlantic Forest and some regions of considerable richness in Amazonia. Differences in richness were evident between the caviomorphs and sigmodontines, the former showing the greatest richness in tropical forests whereas the latter show—and largely determine—the all-rodent pattern. Elevation was the main predictor of sigmodontine richness, whereas temperature was the principal variable correlated with richness of caviomorphs. Across clades, species turnover was highest along the Andes and was best explained by elevational relief. In South America, the effects of the familiar latitudinal gradient in species richness are mixed with a strong longitudinal effect, triggered by the importance of elevation and the position of the Andes. Both latitudinal and elevational effects help explain the complicated distribution of rodent diversity across the continent. The continent’s restricted-range species—those seemingly most vulnerable to localized disturbance—are mostly distributed along the Andes and in Atlantic Forest, with the greatest concentration in Ecuador. Both the Andes and Atlantic Forest are known hotspots for other faunal and floral components. Contrasting patterns of the older caviomorph and younger sigmodontine radiations underscore the interplay of both historical and ecological factors in determining present-day diversity patterns.
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García-Esponda CM, Candela AM. Hindlimb musculature of the largest living rodentHydrochoerus hydrochaeris(Caviomorpha): Adaptations to semiaquatic and terrestrial styles of life. J Morphol 2015; 277:286-305. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César M. García-Esponda
- Cátedra Zoología III Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Avenida 122 y 60 La Plata 1900 Argentina
| | - Adriana M. Candela
- CONICET, División Paleontología Vertebrados; Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque La Plata 1900 Argentina
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Fabre PH, Vilstrup JT, Raghavan M, Sarkissian CD, Willerslev E, Douzery EJP, Orlando L. Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics. Biol Lett 2015; 10. [PMID: 25115033 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Capromyidae (hutias) are endemic rodents of the Caribbean and represent a model of dispersal for non-flying mammals in the Greater Antilles. This family has experienced severe extinctions during the Holocene and its phylogenetic affinities with respect to other caviomorph relatives are still debated as morphological and molecular data disagree. We used target enrichment and next-generation sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes to infer the phylogenetic relationships of hutias, estimate their divergence ages, and understand their mode of dispersal in the Greater Antilles.We found that Capromyidae are nested within Echimyidae (spiny rats) and should be considered a subfamily thereof. We estimated that the split between hutias and Atlantic Forest spiny rats occurred 16.5 (14.8–18.2) million years ago (Ma), which is more recent than the GAARlandia land bridge hypothesis (34–35 Ma). This would suggest that during the Early Miocene, an echimyid-like ancestor colonized the Greater Antilles from an eastern South American source population via rafting. The basal divergence of the Hispaniolan Plagiodontia provides further support for a vicariant separation between Hispaniolan and western islands (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica) hutias. Recent divergences among these western hutias suggest Plio-Pleistocene dispersal waves associated with glacial cycles.
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KIM DONGSEON, CHOI DONGJIN, HAHN YOONSOO. Loss of ancestral N-glycosylation sites in conserved proteins during human evolution. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1685-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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56
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Rivera PC, González-Ittig RE, Gardenal CN. Preferential host switching and its relation with Hantavirus diversification in South America. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2531-2542. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Rivera
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raul E. González-Ittig
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Parada A, D'Elía G, Palma RE. The influence of ecological and geographical context in the radiation of Neotropical sigmodontine rodents. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:172. [PMID: 26307442 PMCID: PMC4549906 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Much debate has focused on how transitions in life history have influenced the proliferation of some clades. Rodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae (family Cricetidae) comprise one of the most diverse clades of Neotropical mammals (~400 living species in 86 genera). These rodents occupy a wide range of habitats and lifestyles so that ecological context seems relevant to understand the evolution of this group. Several changes in the landscape of South America through the Neogene might have provided vast resources and opportunity to diversify. The aim of this study was to examine whether transitions between i) lowland and montane habitats, ii) open vegetation and forest, and iii) distinct molar architectures are correlated with shifts in diversification rates and to characterize the general pattern of diversification. Results Based on a dense taxon sampling of 269 species, we recovered a new phylogeny of Sigmodontinae that is topologically consistent with those of previous studies. It indicates that the subfamily and its major lineages appeared during the Late Miocene. Analyses suggest that vegetation type and elevational range are correlated with diversification rates, but not molar architecture. Tropical lowlands accumulated more lineage diversity than other areas and also supported high speciation rates. Across the radiation the subfamily Sigmodontinae appear to have experienced a decline in diversification rate through time. We detected mixed evidence for lineage-specific diversification rate shifts (e.g., leading to the clades of Akodon, Bibimys, Calomys and Thomasomys). Conclusion We report that the evolution of habitat preference (considering vegetation type and elevational range) was associated with diversification rates among sigmodontine rodents. We propose that the observed diversification slowdown might be the result of ecological or geographical constraints. Our results also highlight the influence of the tropical lowlands -which might have acted as both “a cradle and a museum of species.” The tropical lowlands accumulated greater diversity than the remainder of the group's range. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0440-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Parada
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. .,Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Guillermo D'Elía
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Eduardo Palma
- Departamento de Ecología, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Nasif NL, Abdala F. Craniodental ontogeny of the pacaranaDinomys branickiiPeters 1873 (Rodentia, Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae). J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Contrasting Phylogenetic and Diversity Patterns in Octodontoid Rodents and a New Definition of the Family Abrocomidae. J MAMM EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-015-9301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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60
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Arnal M, Vucetich MG. Main radiation events in Pan-Octodontoidea (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Arnal
- CONICET; Departamento Paleontología de Vertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - María G. Vucetich
- CONICET; Departamento Paleontología de Vertebrados; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina
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61
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García-Esponda CM, Candela AM. The hip adductor muscle group in caviomorph rodents: anatomy and homology. ZOOLOGY 2015; 118:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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62
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Tavares WC, Pessôa LM, Seuánez HN. Plio-Pleistocene history of the endangered spiny ratTrinomys eliasi(Echimyidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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63
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First Approach to the Paleobiology of Extinct Prospaniomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea) Through Head Muscle Reconstruction and the Study of Craniomandibular Shape Variation. J MAMM EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-015-9291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Kay
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology and Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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65
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Patterson BD, Upham NS. A newly recognized family from the Horn of Africa, the Heterocephalidae (Rodentia: Ctenohystrica). Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center; Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago 60605 IL USA
| | - Nathan S. Upham
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology; University of Chicago; 5734 S. Ellis Ave Chicago 60637 IL USA
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton L8S4L8 ON Canada
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66
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Primers for amplification and sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome in Octodontoid rodents. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-014-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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67
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Sobrero R, Inostroza-Michael O, Hernández CE, Ebensperger LA. Phylogeny modulates the effects of ecological conditions on group living across hystricognath rodents. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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68
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Leite RN, Kolokotronis SO, Almeida FC, Werneck FP, Rogers DS, Weksler M. In the wake of invasion: tracing the historical biogeography of the South American cricetid radiation (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100687. [PMID: 24963664 PMCID: PMC4071052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) was greatly influenced by the completion of the Isthmus of Panama and impacted the composition of modern faunal assemblages in the Americas. However, the contribution of preceding events has been comparatively less explored, even though early immigrants in the fossil records are evidence for waif dispersals. The cricetid rodents of the subfamily Sigmodontinae are a classic example of a species-rich South American radiation resulting from an early episode of North American invasion. Here, we provide a temporal and spatial framework to address key aspects of the historical biogeography and diversification of this diverse mammal group by using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA datasets coupled with methods of divergence time estimation, ancestral area reconstruction and comparative phylogenetics. Relaxed-clock time estimates indicate that divergence of the Sigmodontinae began in the middle-late Miocene (ca. 12-9 Ma). Dispersal-vicariance analyses point to the arrival of a single lineage of northern invaders with a widespread ancestral distribution and imply that the initial differentiation between Central and South America gave rise to the most basal groups within the subfamily. These two major clades diversified in the late Miocene followed by the radiation of main tribes until the early Pliocene. Within the Oryzomyalia, tribes diverged initially in eastern South America whereas multiple dispersals into the Andes promoted further diversification of the majority of modern genera. A comparatively uniform background tempo of diversification explains the species richness of sigmodontines across most nodes, except for two akodontine genera with recent increases in diversification rates. The bridging of the Central American seaway and episodes of low sea levels likely facilitated the invasion of South America long before the onset of the post-Isthmian phase of the GABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N. Leite
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda P. Werneck
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Duke S. Rogers
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Weksler
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Teta P, Pardiñas UFJ, Sauthier DEU, Gallardo MH. A new species of the tetraploid vizcacha ratTympanoctomys(Caviomorpha, Octodontidae) from central Patagonia, Argentina. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/13-mamm-a-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Becerra F, Echeverría AI, Casinos A, Vassallo AI. Another one bites the dust: Bite force and ecology in three caviomorph rodents (Rodentia, Hystricognathi). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:220-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Becerra
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alejandra Isabel Echeverría
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Adrià Casinos
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Universitat de Barcelona (UB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Aldo Iván Vassallo
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
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71
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Tomasco IH, Lessa EP. Two mitochondrial genes under episodic positive selection in subterranean octodontoid rodents. Gene 2014; 534:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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72
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Vega-Zuniga T, Medina FS, Fredes F, Zuniga C, Severín D, Palacios AG, Karten HJ, Mpodozis J. Does nocturnality drive binocular vision? Octodontine rodents as a case study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84199. [PMID: 24391911 PMCID: PMC3877236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binocular vision is a visual property that allows fine discrimination of in-depth distance (stereopsis), as well as enhanced light and contrast sensitivity. In mammals enhanced binocular vision is structurally associated with a large degree of frontal binocular overlap, the presence of a corresponding retinal specialization containing a fovea or an area centralis, and well-developed ipsilateral retinal projections to the lateral thalamus (GLd). We compared these visual traits in two visually active species of the genus Octodon that exhibit contrasting visual habits: the diurnal Octodon degus, and the nocturnal Octodon lunatus. The O. lunatus visual field has a prominent 100° frontal binocular overlap, much larger than the 50° of overlap found in O. degus. Cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer were 40% fewer in O. lunatus (180,000) than in O. degus (300,000). O. lunatus has a poorly developed visual streak, but a well developed area centralis, located centrally near the optic disk (peak density of 4,352 cells/mm2). O. degus has a highly developed visual streak, and an area centralis located more temporally (peak density of 6,384 cells/mm2). The volumes of the contralateral GLd and superior colliculus (SC) are 15% larger in O. degus compared to O. lunatus. However, the ipsilateral projections to GLd and SC are 500% larger in O. lunatus than in O. degus. Other retinorecipient structures related to ocular movements and circadian activity showed no statistical differences between species. Our findings strongly suggest that nocturnal visual behavior leads to an enhancement of the structures associated with binocular vision, at least in the case of these rodents. Expansion of the binocular visual field in nocturnal species may have a beneficial effect in light and contrast sensitivity, but not necessarily in stereopsis. We discuss whether these conclusions can be extended to other mammalian and non-mammalian amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Fredes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Zuniga
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Severín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián G. Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Harvey J. Karten
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Mpodozis
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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73
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Beati L, Nava S, Burkman EJ, Barros-Battesti DM, Labruna MB, Guglielmone AA, Cáceres AG, Guzmán-Cornejo CM, León R, Durden LA, Faccini JLH. Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae), the Cayenne tick: phylogeography and evidence for allopatric speciation. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:267. [PMID: 24320199 PMCID: PMC3890524 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amblyomma cajennense F. is one of the best known and studied ticks in the New World because of its very wide distribution, its economical importance as pest of domestic ungulates, and its association with a variety of animal and human pathogens. Recent observations, however, have challenged the taxonomic status of this tick and indicated that intraspecific cryptic speciation might be occurring. In the present study, we investigate the evolutionary and demographic history of this tick and examine its genetic structure based on the analyses of three mitochondrial (12SrDNA, d-loop, and COII) and one nuclear (ITS2) genes. Because A. cajennense is characterized by a typical trans-Amazonian distribution, lineage divergence dating is also performed to establish whether genetic diversity can be linked to dated vicariant events which shaped the topology of the Neotropics. Results Total evidence analyses of the concatenated mtDNA and nuclear + mtDNA datasets resulted in well-resolved and fully congruent reconstructions of the relationships within A. cajennense. The phylogenetic analyses consistently found A. cajennense to be monophyletic and to be separated into six genetic units defined by mutually exclusive haplotype compositions and habitat associations. Also, genetic divergence values showed that these lineages are as distinct from each other as recognized separate species of the same genus. The six clades are deeply split and node dating indicates that they started diverging in the middle-late Miocene. Conclusions Behavioral differences and the results of laboratory cross-breeding experiments had already indicated that A. cajennense might be a complex of distinct taxonomic units. The combined and congruent mitochondrial and nuclear genetic evidence from this study reveals that A. cajennense is an assembly of six distinct species which have evolved separately from each other since at least 13.2 million years ago (Mya) in the earliest and 3.3 Mya in the latest lineages. The temporal and spatial diversification modes of the six lineages overlap the phylogeographical history of other organisms with similar extant trans-Amazonian distributions and are consistent with the present prevailing hypothesis that Neotropical diversity often finds its origins in the Miocene, after the Andean uplift changed the topology and consequently the climate and ecology of the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Beati
- Institute for Coastal Plain Sciences and Biology Department, Georgia Southern University, P,O, Box 8056, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
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Álvarez A, Perez SI, Verzi DH. Ecological and phylogenetic dimensions of cranial shape diversification in South American caviomorph rodents (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Álvarez
- División Mastozoología; Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’; Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 Buenos Aires C1405DJR Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - S. Ivan Perez
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n La Plata B1900FWA Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Diego H. Verzi
- Sección Mastozoología; División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Paseo del Bosque s/n La Plata B1900FWA Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
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75
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Upham NS, Ojala-Barbour R, Brito M J, Velazco PM, Patterson BD. Transitions between Andean and Amazonian centers of endemism in the radiation of some arboreal rodents. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:191. [PMID: 24015814 PMCID: PMC3848837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tropical Andes and Amazon are among the richest regions of endemism for mammals, and each has given rise to extensive in situ radiations. Various animal lineages have radiated ex situ after colonizing one of these regions from the other: Amazonian clades of dendrobatid frogs and passerine birds may have Andean ancestry, and transitions from the Amazon to Andes may be even more common. To examine biogeographic transitions between these regions, we investigated the evolutionary history of three clades of rodents in the family Echimyidae: bamboo rats (Dactylomys-Olallamys-Kannabateomys), spiny tree-rats (Mesomys-Lonchothrix), and brush-tailed rats (Isothrix). Each clade is distributed in both the Andes and Amazonia, and is more diverse in the lowlands. We used two mitochondrial (cyt-b and 12S) and three nuclear (GHR, vWF, and RAG1) markers to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships. Tree topologies and ancestral geographic ranges were then used to determine whether Andean forms were basal to or derived from lowland radiations. Results Four biogeographic transitions are identified among the generic radiations. The bamboo rat clade unambiguously originated in the Amazon ca. 9 Ma, followed by either one early transition to the Andes (Olallamys) and a later move to the Amazon (Dactylomys), or two later shifts to the Andes (one in each genus). The Andean species of both Dactylomys and Isothrix are sister to their lowland species, raising the possibility that highland forms colonized the Amazon Basin. However, uncertainty in their reconstructed ancestral ranges obscures the origin of these transitions. The lone Andean species of Mesomys is confidently nested within the lowland radiation, thereby indicating an Amazon-to-Andes transition ca. 2 Ma. Conclusions Differences in the timing of these biogeographic transitions do not appear to explain the different polarities of these trees. Instead, even within the radiation of a single family, both Andean and Amazonian centers of endemism appear enriched by lineages that originated in the other region. Our survey of other South American lineages suggests a pattern of reciprocal exchange between these regions—among mammals, birds, amphibians, and insects we found no fewer than 87 transitions between the Andes and Amazon from Miocene-Pleistocene. Because no clear trend emerges between the timing and polarity of transitions, or in their relative frequency, we suggest that reciprocal exchange between tropical highland and lowland faunas in South America has been a continual process since ca. 12 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Upham
- Center for Integrative Research, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.
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Helgen KM, Pinto CM, Kays R, Helgen LE, Tsuchiya MTN, Quinn A, Wilson DE, Maldonado JE. Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito. Zookeys 2013; 324:1-83. [PMID: 24003317 PMCID: PMC3760134 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.324.5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision and review the biology of the olingos, the endemic Neotropical procyonid genus Bassaricyon, based on most specimens available in museums, and with data derived from anatomy, morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, field observations, and geographic range modeling. Species of Bassaricyon are primarily forest-living, arboreal, nocturnal, frugivorous, and solitary, and have one young at a time. We demonstrate that four olingo species can be recognized, including a Central American species (Bassaricyon gabbii), lowland species with eastern, cis-Andean (Bassaricyon alleni) and western, trans-Andean (Bassaricyon medius) distributions, and a species endemic to cloud forests in the Andes. The oldest evolutionary divergence in the genus is between this last species, endemic to the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, and all other species, which occur in lower elevation habitats. Surprisingly, this Andean endemic species, which we call the Olinguito, has never been previously described; it represents a new species in the order Carnivora and is the smallest living member of the family Procyonidae. We report on the biology of this new species based on information from museum specimens, niche modeling, and fieldwork in western Ecuador, and describe four Olinguito subspecies based on morphological distinctions across different regions of the Northern Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer M. Helgen
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - C. Miguel Pinto
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Mammalogy, and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY, 10016 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3131, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC, 27601, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panamá
| | - Lauren E. Helgen
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030 USA
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Aleta Quinn
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Don E. Wilson
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Jesús E. Maldonado
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA
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Nascimento FF, Lazar A, Menezes AN, Durans ADM, Moreira JC, Salazar-Bravo J, D′Andrea PS, Bonvicino CR. The role of historical barriers in the diversification processes in open vegetation formations during the Miocene/Pliocene using an ancient rodent lineage as a model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61924. [PMID: 24349576 PMCID: PMC3630152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropics harbors a high diversity of species and several hypotheses have been proposed to account for this pattern. However, while species of forested domains are frequently studied, less is known of species from open vegetation formations occupying, altogether, a larger area than the Amazon Forest. Here we evaluate the role of historical barriers and the riverine hypothesis in the speciation patterns of small mammals by analyzing an ancient rodent lineage (Thrichomys, Hystricomorpha). Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses were carried out with mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to analyze the evolutionary relationships between Thrichomys lineages occurring in dry domains along both banks of the Rio São Francisco. This river is one of the longest of South America whose course and water flow have been modified by inland tectonic activities and climate changes. Molecular data showed a higher number of lineages than previously described. The T. inermis species complex with 2n = 26, FN = 48 was observed in both banks of the river showing a paraphyletic arrangement, suggesting that river crossing had occurred, from east to west. A similar pattern was also observed for the T. apereoides complex. Thrichomys speciation occurred in Late Miocene when the river followed a different course. The current geographic distribution of Thrichomys species and their phylogenetic relationships suggested the existence of frequent past connections between both banks in the middle section of the Rio São Francisco. The extensive palaeodune region found in this area has been identified as a centre of endemism of several vertebrate species and is likely to be a center of Thrichomys diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia F. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lazar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Albert N. Menezes
- Genetics Division, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa da Matta Durans
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro, UERJ, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jânio C. Moreira
- Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Salazar-Bravo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paulo S. D′Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cibele R. Bonvicino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Genetics Division, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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78
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Morgan CC, Álvarez A. The humerus of South American caviomorph rodents: shape, function and size in a phylogenetic context. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Morgan
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - A. Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
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Voss RS, Hubbard C, Jansa SA. Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1206/3769.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gallardo MH, Suárez-Villota EY, Nuñez JJ, Vargas RA, Haro R, Köhler N. Phylogenetic analysis and phylogeography of the tetraploid rodentTympanoctomys barrerae(Octodontidae): insights on its origin and the impact of Quaternary climate changes on population dynamics. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton H. Gallardo
- Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Casilla 567; Valdivia; Chile
| | | | - José J. Nuñez
- Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Casilla 567; Valdivia; Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Vargas
- Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Casilla 567; Valdivia; Chile
| | - Ronie Haro
- Institute of Marine and Limnological Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Casilla 567; Valdivia; Chile
| | - Nélida Köhler
- Institute of Environmental and Evolutionary Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia; Chile
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Ojeda AA, Novillo A, Ojeda RA, Roig-Juñent S. Geographical distribution and ecological diversification of South American octodontid rodents. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GIB); Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET (CCT CONICET Mendoza); Mendoza Argentina
| | - A. Novillo
- Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GIB); Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET (CCT CONICET Mendoza); Mendoza Argentina
| | - R. A. Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad (GIB); Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET (CCT CONICET Mendoza); Mendoza Argentina
| | - S. Roig-Juñent
- Laboratorio de Entomología; Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET (CCT CONICET Mendoza); Mendoza Argentina
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82
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Fabre PH, Galewski T, Tilak MK, Douzery EJP. Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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83
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Development of yolk sac inversion in Galea spixii and Cavia porcellus (Rodentia, Caviidae). Placenta 2012; 33:878-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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84
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Álvarez A, Perez SI. Two- Versus Three-Dimensional Morphometric Approaches in Macroevolution: Insight from the Mandible of Caviomorph Rodents. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Fabre PH, Hautier L, Dimitrov D, Douzery EJP. A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:88. [PMID: 22697210 PMCID: PMC3532383 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of phylogenetic methods that do not rely on fossils for the study of evolutionary processes through time have revolutionized the field of evolutionary biology and resulted in an unprecedented expansion of our knowledge about the tree of life. These methods have helped to shed light on the macroevolution of many taxonomic groups such as the placentals (Mammalia). However, despite the increase of studies addressing the diversification patterns of organisms, no synthesis has addressed the case of the most diversified mammalian clade: the Rodentia. Results Here we present a rodent maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from a molecular supermatrix. It is based on 11 mitochondrial and nuclear genes that covers 1,265 species, i.e., respectively 56% and 81% of the known specific and generic rodent diversity. The inferred topology recovered all Rodentia clades proposed by recent molecular works. A relaxed molecular clock dating approach provided a time framework for speciation events. We found that the Myomorpha clade shows a greater degree of variation in diversification rates than Sciuroidea, Caviomorpha, Castorimorpha and Anomaluromorpha. We identified a number of shifts in diversification rates within the major clades: two in Castorimorpha, three in Ctenohystrica, 6 within the squirrel-related clade and 24 in the Myomorpha clade. The majority of these shifts occurred within the most recent familial rodent radiations: the Cricetidae and Muridae clades. Using the topological imbalances and the time line we discuss the potential role of different diversification factors that might have shaped the rodents radiation. Conclusions The present glimpse on the diversification pattern of rodents can be used for further comparative meta-analyses. Muroid lineages have a greater degree of variation in their diversification rates than any other rodent group. Different topological signatures suggest distinct diversification processes among rodent lineages. In particular, Muroidea and Sciuroidea display widespread distribution and have undergone evolutionary and adaptive radiation on most of the continents. Our results show that rodents experienced shifts in diversification rate regularly through the Tertiary, but at different periods for each clade. A comparison between the rodent fossil record and our results suggest that extinction led to the loss of diversification signal for most of the Paleogene nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Henri Fabre
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate (CMEC, Department of Biology), Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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