Intrarenal arteriovenous malformation

Congenital arteriovenous malformation of kidney in pregnancy

Two cases of rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the kidney during pregnancy are reported. The surgical options are presented, and a new classification of arteriovenous malformation is proposed.

Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation (aneurysmal type) in childhood

We report on a 9-year-old boy with a congenital renal arteriovenous fistula of the aneurysmal type, a form previously not observed in childhood. The clinical picture was unusual with severe arterial hypertension, excessive polyuria and decreased levels of serum sodium and chloride as main signs. Clinical and biochemical findings normalised after nephrectomy of the kidney involved.

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula (cirsoid aneurysm)

"Cirsoid aneurysm" represents the pathologic substratum of congenital arteriovenous fistula. Congenital renal arteriovenous fistulas are rare clinicopathologic entities usually first manifested by hematuria. Recently, several studies of this malformation have been reported, but few have made reference to the pathologic findings. We report 2 cases of this lesion made up of arteries, veins, and nondeterminated vessels localized between calyceal or pelvic wall and renal parenchyma. In addition, both cases showed signs of both old and recent hemorrhages, explaining the upper tract bleeding.

Renin-mediated arterial hypertension in a case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula

We report the first case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula in which renin-mediated arterial hypertension was the only clinical manifestation.

Hemorrhage from congenital renal arteriovenous malformation in pregnancy

A case report of life-threatening hemorrhage from a congenital renal arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy is presented. The hyperdynamic circulatory state that exists during pregnancy may predispose to bleeding from vascular malformations. We review the classification and clinical presentation of renal arteriovenous malformations.

Intra-arterial embolic occlusion of a bleeding intrarenal arteriovenous malformation: a case report

A 41-year-old female patient with a profusely bleeding intrarenal arteriovenous malformation is described. The bleeding site was localized to the left kidney by cystoscopy and excretory urography. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography and the malformation was treated by intra-arterial embolization without complications.

Pericaliceal haemangioma-a cause of papillary necrosis? Case report and review of 7 similar vascular lesions

A pericaliceal haemangioma associated with papillary necrosis caused haematuria which led to nephrectomy. Seven similar vascular lesions were found on review of the surgical histopathology records from the last 25 years at the St Peter's Hospitals, Institute of Urology, London. In 4 of these there was histological evidence of damage to the renal papilla adjacent to the vascular abnormality; a possible mechanism for these changes is discussed. In all 8 cases the patients presented with haematuria and, in 5, abnormalities were seen on renal radiological investigation. Nephrectomy was performed in 5 instances and the remaining 3 patients were treated by partial nephrectomy. The presence of a vascular malformation was considered pre-operatively in 2 patients and in the remainder the diagnosis was first made on laboratory examination. In all patients haematuria ceased post-operatively and in 5 cases where follow-up information was available there has been no evidence of bilateral involvement.