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Song HY, Kim MR, Lee MJ, Jeon ES, Bae YC, Jung JS, Kim JH. Oncostatin M decreases adiponectin expression and induces dedifferentiation of adipocytes by JAK3- and MEK-dependent pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 39:439-49. [PMID: 17081797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted from adipocytes, plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we examine the role of the IL-6 family of cytokines in the expression of adiponectin in human adipocytes derived from human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Oncostatin M (OSM), but not IL-6, attenuated the expression level of adiponectin dose- and time-dependently, and the inhibitory effect of OSM on adiponectin expression was as potent as that of TNF-alpha. The OSM-induced down-regulation of adiponectin expression was correlated with the down-regulation of PPARgamma2 and lipoprotein lipase, markers for adipogenic differentiation, and depletion of intracellular lipid droplets, suggesting dedifferentiation of adipocytes in response to OSM. OSM induced phosphorylation of STAT1, and treatment of adipocytes with JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P131 or MEK inhibitor U0126, but not with JAK2 inhibitor AG490, prevented the activation of STAT1. Furthermore, the OSM-induced suppression of adiponectin expression and dedifferentiation of adipocytes were ameliorated by WHI-P131 or U0126, but not by AG490. These results suggest that OSM inhibits adiponectin expression by inducing dedifferentiation of adipocytes through signaling pathways involving JAK3 and MEK, but not JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Song
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
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52
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Weiss TW, Samson AL, Niego B, Daniel PB, Medcalf RL. Oncostatin M is a neuroprotective cytokine that inhibits excitotoxic injury in vitro and in vivo. FASEB J 2006; 20:2369-71. [PMID: 17023520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-5850fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OsM) is a member of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines and is well known for its role in inflammation, cell proliferation, and hematopoiesis. OsM, together with its glycoprotein 130 containing receptor complex, is expressed and regulated in most cells of the central nervous system (CNS), yet the function of OsM within this compartment is poorly understood. Here we have investigated the effect of OsM using in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxic injury. Using primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons, OsM was shown to reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) -induced neuronal death by 50% when added simultaneously with NMDA while pretreatment of neurons with OsM fully prevented NMDA toxicity indicating a profound protective effect of this cytokine. OsM was also shown to inhibit NMDA-mediated increase in levels of free intracellular calcium and to selectively reduce neuronal expression of the NR2C subunit of the NMDA receptor. Finally, using an in vivo model of excitotoxic injury, OsM significantly reduced the NMDA-induced lesion volume when coinjected with NMDA into the mouse striatum. Taken together, these results identify OsM as a powerful neuroprotective cytokine and provide a rational foundation to explore the therapeutic potential for OsM in diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Weiss
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd., Prahran 3181, Victoria, Australia
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53
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Song HY, Jeon ES, Jung JS, Kim JH. Oncostatin M induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:2357-65. [PMID: 15979922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) subfamily of cytokines, including oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and IL-6, has been implicated in a variety of physiological responses, such as cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated that both OSM and LIF stimulated the proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATSCs), however, IL-6 had no effect on cell proliferation. OSM treatment induced phosphorylation of ERK, and pretreatment with U0126, a MEK inhibitor, prevented the OSM-stimulated proliferation of hATSCs, suggesting that the MEK/ERK pathway is involved in the OSM-induced proliferation. Treatment with OSM also induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3, and pretreatment of the cells with WHI-P131, a JAK3 inhibitor, but not with AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, attenuated the OSM-induced proliferation of hATSCs. Furthermore, OSM treatment elicited phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, and pretreatment with WHI-P131 specifically prevented the OSM-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, without affecting the OSM-induced phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3. These results suggest that two separate signaling pathways, such as MEK/ERK and JAK3/STAT1, are independently involved in the OSM-stimulated proliferation of hATSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Song
- Department of Physiology and The Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
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Sivko GS, Sanford DC, Dearth LD, Tang D, DeWille JW. CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein delta (c/EBPdelta) regulation and expression in human mammary epithelial cells: II. Analysis of activating signal transduction pathways, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational control. J Cell Biochem 2005; 93:844-56. [PMID: 15389878 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta) plays a key role in mammary epithelial cell G0 growth arrest. C/EBPdelta gene expression is down-regulated in rodent mammary tumorigenesis and in human breast cancer, suggesting that "loss of function" alterations in C/EBPdelta gene expression are common in mammary gland malignancies. The goal of this study was to systematically investigate the mechanisms controlling C/EBPdelta gene expression in MCF-10A and MCF-12A human mammary epithelial cell lines. The results demonstrate that G0 growth arrest conditions (i.e., serum and growth factor withdrawal or Oncostatin M (OSM) treatment) result in the activation of JAK1, JAK2, and Tyk 2, members of the Janus kinase family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, in MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells. Growth arrest or OSM treatment also specifically increases activated (phosphorylated) signal transduction and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels, demonstrating that STAT3, not STAT1 or STAT5, is the downstream target of the activated Janus kinases in MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells. Whole cell lysates from G0 growth arrested (GA) and OSM-treated MCF-12A cells exhibit increased acute phase response element (APRE) binding compared to lysates from growing (GR) MCF-12A cells. Transient transfection using C/EBPdelta promoter-luciferase constructs demonstrated that the APRE (STAT3) consensus binding site is essential for growth arrest or OSM induction of the C/EBPdelta promoter. Mutation of the C/EBPdelta promoter STAT3 site or expression of a dominant negative STAT3 construct (STAT3delta) reduces C/EBPdelta promoter activity in response to growth arrest conditions. The human C/EBPdelta promoter also contains an Sp1 site at -61 bp (relative to the transcriptional start site) which is required for basal transcriptional activation. Mutation or deletion of the Sp1 site decreases promoter activity in response to growth arrest conditions. Treatment with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D demonstrated that the C/EBPdelta mRNA exhibits a relatively short half-life (approximately 40 min). Similarly, treatment with the translational inhibitor anisomysin demonstrated that the C/EBPdelta protein half-life was also relatively short (approximately 160 min). These results indicate that the human C/EBPdelta gene is controlled at multiple levels, consistent with a role for C/EBPdelta in cell cycle control and/or cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Sivko
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Division of Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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55
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Abir R, Ao A, Jin S, Barnett M, Van den Hurk R, Freimann S, Fisch B. Immunocytochemical detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction expression of oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSM-Rbeta) in human fetal and adult ovaries. Fertil Steril 2005; 83 Suppl 1:1188-96. [PMID: 15831292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunocytochemical expression and presence of mRNA transcripts of oncostatin M (OSM) and its exclusive receptor (OSM-Rbeta) in ovaries from human adults and fetuses. DESIGN Immunocytochemical and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study. SETTING Major tertiary care and referral academic centers. PATIENT(S) Ten women and girls undergoing laparoscopic ovarian biopsy and 30 women undergoing second-trimester and third-trimester pregnancy terminations. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Microscopic morphometric analysis, immunocytochemistry for OSM and OSM-Rbeta, and RT-PCR analyses. RESULT(S) There was strong to moderate immunocytochemical staining for OSM in both oocytes and granulosa cells of follicles from primordial stages onwards in ovaries from both fetuses and adults/adolescents. OSM-Rbeta was detected mainly in the oocytes. Transcripts of OSM and OSM-Rbeta RNA were detected by RT-PCR analyses. CONCLUSION(S) The expression of OSM and its receptor in ovarian tissue from fetuses and women suggests a possible role of OSM in growth initiation of human primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Abir
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
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Paukku K, Silvennoinen O. STATs as critical mediators of signal transduction and transcription: lessons learned from STAT5. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 15:435-55. [PMID: 15561601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) comprise a family of seven transcription factors that are activated by a variety of cytokines, hormones and growth factors. Stats are activated through tyrosine phosphorylation, mainly by Jak kinases, that lead to their dimerization, nuclear translocation and regulation of target gene expression. Stat5 was originally identified as a transcription factor that regulates the beta-casein gene in response to prolactin (PRL), but Stat5 is activated also by several other cytokines and growth factors. The molecular mechanisms that underlie Stat5-mediated transcription involve interactions and cooperation with sequence specific transcription factors and transcriptional coregulators. Our studies identified p100 protein as a coactivator for Stat5, and suggest the existence of a positive regulatory loop in PRL-induced transcription, where PRL stabilizes p100 protein, which in turn can cooperate with Stat5 in transcriptional activation. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are important negative regulators of Stats. A target gene for Stat5, the serine/threonine kinase Pim-1, was found to cooperate with SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 to inhibit Stat5 activity suggesting that Pim-1 together with SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 are components of a negative feedback mechanism that allows Stat5 to regulate its own activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Paukku
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Okaya A, Kitanaka J, Kitanaka N, Satake M, Kim Y, Terada K, Sugiyama T, Takemura M, Fujimoto J, Terada N, Miyajima A, Tsujimura T. Oncostatin M inhibits proliferation of rat oval cells, OC15-5, inducing differentiation into hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:709-19. [PMID: 15743783 PMCID: PMC1602354 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oval cells of the liver participate in liver regeneration when hepatocytes are prevented from proliferating in response to liver damage. To clarify the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in the liver regeneration involving oval cells, we examined the expression of OSM and OSM-specific receptor (OSM-R) in the liver undergoing regeneration in the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy model. Expression levels of OSM-R changed in correlation to the number of oval cells, and its expression was exclusively observed in oval cells. On the other hand, OSM was expressed in both oval cells and Kupffer cells. To examine the effect of OSM on the growth and differentiation of oval cells, rat oval cells (OC15-5) were incubated in conditioned medium of 293T cells expressing rat OSM cDNA. This resulted in suppression of growth, changes in morphology (microvilli and large cytoplasm with developed organelles), and expression of hepatocyte markers (albumin, tyrosine amino transferase, and tryptophan oxygenase). The effects of the conditioned medium with rat OSM were abrogated by introducing a small interfering RNA specifically targeting rat OSM-R into OC15-5 cells. These results indicate that OSM is a key mediator for inducing differentiation of OC15-5 cells into hepatocytes and suggest that the OSM/OSM-R system is pivotal in the differentiation of oval cells into hepatocytes, thereby promoting liver regeneration.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Acetylaminofluorene/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Regeneration
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncostatin M
- Organelles
- Peptides/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Regeneration
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Okaya
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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58
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Znoyko I, Sohara N, Spicer SS, Trojanowska M, Reuben A. Comparative studies of oncostatin M expression in the tissues of adult rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 283:182-6. [PMID: 15674824 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, is thought to be expressed mostly by activated T-lymphocytes and monocytes in adult animals. However, here we report specific constitutive tissue expression of OSM in the pancreas, kidney, testes, spleen, stomach, and brain, but not liver or lung, of three adult rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iya Znoyko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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59
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Tagliafico E, Brunelli S, Bergamaschi A, De Angelis L, Scardigli R, Galli D, Battini R, Bianco P, Ferrari S, Cossu G, Ferrari S. TGFβ/BMP activate the smooth muscle/bone differentiation programs in mesoangioblasts. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:4377-88. [PMID: 15331661 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoangioblasts are vessel-derived stem cells that can be induced to differentiate into different cell types of the mesoderm such as muscle and bone. The gene expression profile of four clonal derived lines of mesoangioblasts was determined by DNA micro-array analysis: it was similar in the four lines but different from 10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts, used as comparison. Many known genes expressed by mesoangioblasts belong to response pathways to developmental signalling molecules, such as Wnt or TGFβ/BMP. Interestingly, mesoangioblasts express receptors of the TGFβ/BMP family and several Smads and, accordingly, differentiate very efficiently into smooth muscle cells in response to TGFβ and into osteoblasts in response to BMP. In addition, insulin signalling promotes adipogenic differentiation, possibly through the activation of IGF-R. Several Wnts and Frizzled, Dishevelled and Tcfs are expressed, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop for proliferation and indeed, forced expression of Frzb-1 inhibits cell division. Mesoangioblasts also express many neuro-ectodermal genes and yet undergo only abortive neurogenesis, even after forced expression of neurogenin 1 or 2, MASH or NeuroD. Finally, mesoangioblasts express several pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and cytokine receptors, which may explain their ability to be recruited by tissue inflammation. Our data define a unique phenotype for mesoangioblasts, explain several of their biological features and set the basis for future functional studies on the role of these cells in tissue histogenesis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tagliafico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
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60
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Nakamura K, Nonaka H, Saito H, Tanaka M, Miyajima A. Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice. Hepatology 2004; 39:635-44. [PMID: 14999682 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Mice deficient in the OSM receptor (OSMR(-/-)) showed impaired liver regeneration with persistent parenchymal necrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) exposure. The recovery of liver mass from partial hepatectomy was also significantly delayed in OSMR(-/-) mice. In contrast to wildtype mice, CCl(4) administration only marginally induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 genes in OSMR(-/-) mice, correlating with the increased gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and matrix degradation in injured livers. The activation of STAT3 and expression of immediate early genes and cyclins were decreased in OSMR(-/-) liver, indicating that OSM signaling is required for hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling during liver regeneration. We also found that CCl(4) administration in IL-6(-/-) mice failed to induce OSM expression and that OSM administration in IL-6(-/-) mice after CCl(4) injection induced the expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, suggesting that OSM is a key mediator of IL-6 in liver regeneration. Consistent with these results, administration of OSM ameliorated liver injury in wildtype mice by preventing hepatocyte apoptosis as well as tissue destruction. In conclusion, OSM and its signaling pathway may provide a useful therapeutic target for liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakamura
- Stem Cell Regulation Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology (KAST), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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61
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Repovic P, Mi K, Benveniste EN. Oncostatin M enhances the expression of prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in astrocytes: synergy with interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Glia 2003; 42:433-46. [PMID: 12730964 DOI: 10.1002/glia.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, multiple myeloma, and other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an eicosanoid also associated with inflammation and cancer, has recently been shown to induce OSM expression. We report here that OSM in turn induces PGE(2) production by astrocytes and astroglioma cells. More importantly, in combination with the inflammatory mediators IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lipopolysaccharide, OSM exhibits a striking synergy, resulting in up to 50-fold higher PGE(2) production by astrocytes, astroglioma, and neuroblastoma cell lines. Enhanced PGE(2) production by OSM and IL-1beta treatment is explained by their effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that catalyzes the committed step in PGE(2) synthesis. Of the enzymes involved in PGE(2) biosynthesis, only COX-2 mRNA and protein levels are synergistically amplified by OSM and IL-1beta. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrate that OSM and IL-1beta synergistically upregulate transcription of the COX-2 gene, and the mRNA stability assay indicates that COX-2 mRNA is posttranscriptionally stabilized by OSM and IL-1beta. To effect synergy on the PGE(2) level, OSM signals in part through its gp130/OSMRbeta receptor, since neutralizing antibodies against gp130 and OSMRbeta, but not LIFRbeta, decrease PGE(2) production in response to OSM plus IL-1beta. SB202190 and U0126, inhibitors of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation, respectively, inhibit IL-1beta and OSM upregulation of COX-2 and PGE(2), indicating that these MAPK cascades are utilized by both stimuli. This mechanism of PGE(2) amplification may be active in brain pathologies where both OSM and IL-1beta are present, such as glioblastomas and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Repovic
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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62
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Fujiki K, Nakao M, Dixon B. Molecular cloning and characterisation of a carp (Cyprinus carpio) cytokine-like cDNA that shares sequence similarity with IL-6 subfamily cytokines CNTF, OSM and LIF. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 27:127-136. [PMID: 12543126 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the course of suppression subtractive hybridisation between sodium alginate-induced peritoneal cells (SA-PC) and normal head kidney cDNAs in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a cytokine-like cDNA clone was found. The clone, named M17, contains a 1600bp nucleotide sequence that encodes a 215 amino acid putative protein that would have a pI of 9.01 and would include a 33 amino acid signal peptide. The 3' untranslated region has seven ATTTA mRNA destabilising motifs that are common in cytokines and oncogenes. In a BLASTP search, M17 was most similar to chicken ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) with 25% amino acid identity, followed by mammalian CNTF, cardiotrophin-1 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) all of which belong to the IL-6 subfamily. However, M17 has some differences with CNTF in that CNTF has no signal sequence, the gene organisation of M17 is three exons and two introns, whereas that of CNTF is two exons and one intron, M17 has seven cysteines while CNTF has one cysteine, and M17 mRNA is detected in peripheral blood leukocytes as well as brain, whereas CNTF is expressed only in the nervous system. Compared to other members in the IL-6 subfamily cytokines, M17's cysteine positions and gene organisation are similar to those of oncostatin M and LIF, although amino acid identities are only 15-17%. Southern hybridisation suggested that M17 is a single copy gene. SA-PC showed significantly higher M17 mRNA levels than normal head kidney cells, which are considered to be a source of the SA-PC, indicating that M17 is inducible by inflammatory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Fujiki
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ont., Canada
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63
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Cytokines and chemokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7443(03)80049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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64
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Jones SA, Rose-John S. The role of soluble receptors in cytokine biology: the agonistic properties of the sIL-6R/IL-6 complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1592:251-63. [PMID: 12421670 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines perform ever-increasing roles in both, the regulation of general homeostasis and in orchestrating the immune response during disease. To ensure that control of the cytokine network is tightly regulated, nature has developed a series of systems designed for this purpose. In this respect, researchers have placed considerable emphasis on identifying and characterising the regulatory properties of soluble cytokine receptors. These proteins bind their ligands with similar affinities to those of their cognate transmembrane receptors and are effective at prolonging the circulating half-life of cytokines they bind. However, it is the individual capacity of these soluble receptors to act as either antagonists or agonists which has been the principal focus of most research studies. This review provides an overview of the activities of soluble cytokine receptors, but primarily concentrates on those that possess agonistic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Jones
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
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65
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Kasza A, Kiss DL, Gopalan S, Xu W, Rydel RE, Koj A, Kordula T. Mechanism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulation by oncostatin M and interleukin-1 in human astrocytes. J Neurochem 2002; 83:696-703. [PMID: 12390531 PMCID: PMC4567031 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells that produce and respond to various cytokines mediate inflammatory processes in the brain. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) regulate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in human astrocytes. Using the PAI-1 reporter constructs we show that the -58 to -51 proximal element mediates activation by both cytokines. This element is already bound by c-fos/c-jun heterodimers in unstimulated astrocytes, and treatment with cytokine strongly stimulates both expression of c-fos and binding of c-fos/c-jun heterodimers. In addition, IL-1 activates an inhibitory mechanism that down-regulates PAI-1 expression after longer exposure to this cytokine. Overexpression of dominant-negative signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), STAT3, STAT5 and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (IkappaB) suppressed OSM/IL-1-induced expression of the PAI-1 reporter construct. We conclude that OSM and IL-1 regulate the PAI-1 gene expression via up-regulating c-fos levels and subsequent binding of c-fos/c-jun heterodimers to the proximal element of the PAI-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kasza
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniel L. Kiss
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Sunita Gopalan
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
| | | | - Aleksander Koj
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115
- Corresponding author: Dr. Tomasz Kordula, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, tel. (216) 687-2435, fax. (216) 687-6972,
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Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a complex disease that impinges on stem cell biology, the regulation of blood lineage determination and/or selection, as well as the overall regulation of hematopoietic cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration. Establishment of murine models for CML in recent years has enabled experimental analyses of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CML at the organismal level. This review summarizes the approaches used to develop murine models for CML and the analyses of the roles of functional domains and downstream signaling pathways of BCR-ABL (an oncoprotein generated by the t(9;22)(q34;ql1) translocation found in CML patients) and the roles of related tyrosine kinase oncoproteins, altered cytokine production and oncogene cooperation in the pathogenesis of CML-like disease using murine models. These in vivo studies of leukemogenesis will help to advance therapies for CML, as well as to understand fundamental rules of leukemogenesis and hematopoiesis, which should contribute in turn to the development of therapies for other related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- src Homology Domains
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Somasundaram R, Ruehl M, Schaefer B, Schmid M, Ackermann R, Riecken EO, Zeitz M, Schuppan D. Interstitial collagens I, III, and VI sequester and modulate the multifunctional cytokine oncostatin M. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3242-6. [PMID: 11711546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110011200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of certain growth factors and cytokines to components of the extracellular matrix can regulate their local availability and modulate their biological activities. We show that oncostatin M (OSM), a profibrogenic cytokine and modulator of cancer cell proliferation, specifically binds to collagen types I, III, IV, and VI, immobilized on polystyrene or nitrocellulose. Single collagen chains inhibit these interactions in a dose-dependent manner. Cross-inhibition experiments of collagen-derived peptides point to a limited set of OSM-binding collagenous consensus sequences. Furthermore, this interaction is found for OSM but not for other interleukin-6 type cytokines. OSM binding to collagens is saturable, with dissociation constants around 10(-8) m and estimated molar ratios of 1-3 molecules of OSM bound to one molecule of triple helical collagen. Furthermore, collagen-bound OSM is biologically active and able to inhibit proliferation of A375 melanoma cells. We conclude that abundant interstitial collagens dictate the spatial pattern of bioavailable OSM. This interaction could be exploited for devising collagenous peptide-antagonists that modulate OSM bioactivity in tumor growth and fibrotic disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Somasundaram
- Medizinische Klinik I (Gastroenterology/Hepatology), Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenbergdamm 30, 12280 Berlin, Germany
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68
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Friedrich M, Höss N, Stögbauer F, Senner V, Paulus W, Ringelstein EB, Halfter H. Complete inhibition of in vivo glioma growth by oncostatin M. J Neurochem 2001; 76:1589-92. [PMID: 11238743 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the oncostatin M (OSM)-dependent inhibition of in vivo tumour formation after intracerebral inoculation of glioblastoma cells in mice. We generated human glioblastoma cells transfected with the OSM gene under the control of a tetracycline-response promoter. Upon removal of tetracycline from the medium, cells exhibited a differentiated cell morphology, while proliferation was significantly inhibited. After implantation of these cells into nude mice brains, large tumours developed in animals lacking OSM expression, whereas no tumour formation was observed in mice with induced OSM expression. Our results suggest that OSM exerts pronounced antitumorigenic effects on glioblastoma cells in vivo and provide arguments for a therapeutic application of OSM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Friedrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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69
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Saijonmaa O, Nyman T, Kosonen R, Fyhrquist F. Induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme by oncostatin m in human endothelial cells. Cytokine 2000; 12:1253-6. [PMID: 10930307 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2000.0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in the regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in endothelial cells. METHODS Cultured endothelial cells were incubated with OSM (25-200 pM) for 24 h. Incubations were performed without or with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin (87 nM), or the selective MAP kinase kinase inhibitor, PD98059 (50 microM). ACE amount in intact endothelial cells was measured by an inhibitor binding assay and ACE mRNA levels by RNase protection assay. RESULTS OSM caused a dose dependent increase in ACE amount and increased the expression of ACE mRNA. The stimulatory effect of OSM was inhibited by pretreatments with herbimycin or PD98059. CONCLUSIONS OSM induced ACE in cultured HUVECs. Tyrosine kinase and MAPK activation were probably involved in ACE induction. Local induction of ACE by OSM in the vascular wall may be a consequence of inflammatory processes leading to locally increased production of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Saijonmaa
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.
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