Compatibilization of polyethylene/aluminum hydroxide (PE/ATH) and polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide (PE/MH) composites with functionalized polyethylenes

Cellular Structure of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Foams Based on LDPE

Composites of LDPE/ATH (up to 70 wt.%) were foamed to create new materials with good fire retardancy properties and low weight, proving the feasibility of developing cellular structures when high levels of inorganic fillers are included. An experimental study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical composition on cellular structure as well as the effect of structure on their thermal, mechanical and combustion properties. Samples fabrication was carried out using an improved compression moulding route consisting of polymer compounding, precursor preparation and foaming under pressure. The polymer matrix consisted of low density polyethylene as well as certain amount of LLDPE-g-MAH as compatibilizer agent. The inorganic filler used was aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) ranging from 0 wt.% to 70 wt.%. Furthermore, azodicarbonamide (ADC) was used as chemical blowing agent.

Foamed samples with cell sizes below 100 microns were produced. These samples showed similar fire retardancy than their solid precursors. The compatibilization was proved indispensable to achieve a good adhesion between mineral filler and polymer and to improve the cellular structure. The increase of the amount of filler has an interesting effect on the cellular structure, going from a closed-cell (at low contents) to an open-cell (at higher contents) cellular structure.

As a result of this investigation, halogen-free flame retardant cellular materials were processed, leading to a notable reduction of material compared to the solid one and to new properties which can result in new applications.

Intracrystalline oxidation of thiosulfate-intercalated layered double hydroxides

Thiosulfate-intercalated zinc-aluminum LDH was prepared by anion exchange reaction. The interlayer thiosulfate ions of this LDH could be quantitatively oxidized to tetrathionate ions using iodine and sulfate ions using H2O2. Both of these intracrystalline reactions are topotactic in nature. The reaction of the LDH with molecular iodine makes it a potential material for the removal of radioactive iodine from effluents.

Preparation of layered double hydroxides and their applications as additives in polymers, as precursors to magnetic materials and in biology and medicine

In recent years layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also known as hydrotalcite-like materials, have attracted considerable interest from both industry and academia. In this article, we discuss methods of preparing LDHs with an emphasis on the way in which particle size and morphology can be controlled with regard to specific target applications; scale-up of one such preparation procedure is also described. In addition, we review selected applications of LDHs developed by our own and other laboratories.