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Sloat BR, Kiguchi K, Xiao G, DiGiovanni J, Maury W, Cui Z. Transcutaneous DNA immunization following waxing-based hair depilation. J Control Release 2011; 157:94-102. [PMID: 21907253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous DNA immunization is an attractive immunization approach. Previously, we reported that transcutaneous immunization by applying plasmid DNA onto a skin area wherein the hair follicles had been induced into growth stage by 'cold' waxing-based hair plucking significantly enhanced the resultant immune responses. In the present study, using a plasmid that encodes the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA63) gene fragment, it was shown that the anti-PA63 antibody responses induced by applying the plasmid onto a skin area where the hair was plucked by 'warm' waxing were significantly stronger than by 'cold' waxing, very likely because the 'warm' waxing-based hair depilation significantly i) enhanced the uptake (or retention) of the plasmid in the application area and ii) enhanced the expression of the transfected gene in the follicular and interfollicular epidermis in the skin. The antibody response induced by transcutaneous DNA immunization was hair cycle dependent, because the plasmid needed to be applied within 5days after the hair plucking to induce a strong antibody response. The antibody responses were not affected by whether the expressed PA63 protein, as an antigen, was secreted or cell surface bound. Finally, this strategy of enhancing the immune responses induced by transcutaneous DNA immunization following 'warm' waxing-based hair depilation was not limited to the PA63 as an antigen, because immunization with a plasmid that encodes the HIV-1 env gp160 gene induced a strong anti-gp160 response as well. Transcutaneous DNA immunization by modifying the hair follicle cycle may hold a great promise in inducing strong and functional immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Sloat
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Division, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Staff C, Mozaffari F, Haller BK, Wahren B, Liljefors M. A Phase I safety study of plasmid DNA immunization targeting carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients. Vaccine 2010; 29:6817-22. [PMID: 21195077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A plasmid DNA vaccine, encoding a truncated form of human CEA fused to a T-helper epitope (CEA66 DNA) was delivered three times intradermally at 2 mg or intramuscularly at 8 mg by Biojector® to patients with colorectal cancer. Prior to the first vaccination, all patients received cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m²) intravenously. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was administered subcutaneously with each vaccination. All patients completed the vaccine schedule. There were no grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AE). The most frequently reported AE grades 1 and 2 were injection site reactions, fatigue, headache, arthralgia, chest tightness and myalgia. Vaccination with CEA66 DNA in combination with GM-CSF was well tolerated and no signs of autoimmunity have been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Staff
- Department of Oncology and Pathology (Radiumhemmet), Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cui Z, Samuel-Shaker D, Watral V, Kent ML. Attenuated Mycobacterium marinum protects zebrafish against mycobacteriosis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:371-375. [PMID: 19912456 PMCID: PMC3951474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Starodubova E, Isaguliants M, Karpov V. Regulation of Immunogen Processing: Signal Sequences and Their Application for the New Generation of DNA-Vaccines. Acta Naturae 2010; 2:53-60. [PMID: 22649628 PMCID: PMC3347541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with naked genes (DNA-immunization) is a perspective modern approach to prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccination against pathogens, as well as cancer and allergy. A panel of DNA immunogens has been developed, some are already in the clinical trials. However, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, specifically of those applied to humans, needs a considerable improvement. There are several approaches to increase DNA vaccine immunogenicity. One approach implies the modifications of the encoded immunogen that change its processing and presentation, and thus the overall pattern of anti-immunogen response. For this, eukaryotic expression vectors are constructed that encode the chimeric proteins composed of the immunogen and specialized targeting or signal sequences. The review describes a number of signals that if fused to immunogen, target it into the predefined subcellular compartments. The review gives examples of their application for DNA-immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Starodubova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science
| | - M.G. Isaguliants
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Russian Academy of Medical Science
| | - V.L. Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science
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56
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DNA vaccines: developing new strategies against cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:174378. [PMID: 20368780 PMCID: PMC2846346 DOI: 10.1155/2010/174378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their rapid and widespread development, DNA vaccines have entered into a variety of human clinical trials for vaccines against various diseases including cancer. Evidence that DNA vaccines are well tolerated and have an excellent safety profile proved to be of advantage as many clinical trials combines the first phase with the second, saving both time and money. It is clear from the results obtained in clinical trials that such DNA vaccines require much improvement in antigen expression and delivery methods to make them sufficiently effective in the clinic. Similarly, it is clear that additional strategies are required to activate effective immunity against poorly immunogenic tumor antigens. Engineering vaccine design for manipulating antigen presentation and processing pathways is one of the most important aspects that can be easily handled in the DNA vaccine technology. Several approaches have been investigated including DNA vaccine engineering, co-delivery of immunomodulatory molecules, safe routes of administration, prime-boost regimen and strategies to break the immunosuppressive networks mechanisms adopted by malignant cells to prevent immune cell function. Combined or single strategies to enhance the efficacy and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are applied in completed and ongoing clinical trials, where the safety and tolerability of the DNA platform are substantiated.
In this review on DNA vaccines, salient aspects on this topic going from basic research to the clinic are evaluated. Some representative DNA cancer vaccine studies are also discussed.
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57
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Good Manufacturing Practices production and analysis of a DNA vaccine against dental caries. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1513-21. [PMID: 19890359 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To prepare a clinical-grade anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX and explore its immune effect and protective efficacy against a cariogenic bacterial challenge. METHODS A large-scale industrial production process was developed under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by combining and optimizing common unit operations such as alkaline lysis, precipitation, endotoxin removal and column chromatography. Quality controls of the purified bulk and final lyophilized vaccine were conducted according to authoritative guidelines. Mice and gnotobiotic rats were intranasally immunized with clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX with chitosan. Antibody levels of serum IgG and salivary SIgA were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and caries activity was evaluated by the Keyes method. pGJA-P/VAX and pVAX1 prepared by a laboratory-scale commercial kit were used as controls. RESULTS The production process proved to be scalable and reproducible. Impurities including host protein, residual RNA, genomic DNA and endotoxin in the purified plasmid were all under the limits of set specifications. Intranasal vaccination with clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX induced higher serum IgG and salivary SIgA in both mice and gnotobiotic rats. While in the experimental caries model, the enamel (E), dentinal slight (Ds), and dentinal moderate (Dm) caries lesions were reduced by 21.1%, 33.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The production process under GMP was efficient in preparing clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX with high purity and intended effectiveness, thus facilitating future clinical trials for the anti-caries DNA vaccine.
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Lai MD, Chen CS, Yang CR, Yuan SY, Tsai JJ, Tu CF, Wang CC, Yen MC, Lin CC. An HDAC inhibitor enhances the antitumor activity of a CMV promoter-driven DNA vaccine. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 17:203-11. [PMID: 19851354 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter is considered to be one of the strongest promoters for driving the in vivo expression of genes encoded by DNA vaccines. However, the efficacy of DNA vaccines has so far been disappointing (particularly in humans), and this might be explained in part by histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated chromatin condensation. Hence, we sought to investigate whether increasing the expression of DNA vaccine antigens with the HDAC inhibitor OSU-HDAC42 would enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines in vivo. A luciferase assay was used to determine the effects of OSU-HDAC42 on CMV promoter-driven DNA plasmids in vitro and in vivo. Three HDAC inhibitors were able to activate expression from the CMV promoter in NIH3T3 cells and MBT-2 bladder cancer cells. The expression of luciferase was significantly enhanced by co-administration of pCMV-luciferase and OSU-HDAC42 in mice. To explore whether OSU-HDAC42 could enhance the specific antitumor activity of a neu DNA vaccine driven by the CMV promoter, we evaluated therapeutic effects and immune responses in a mouse tumor natively overexpressing HER2/neu. Mice receiving OSU-HDAC42 in combination with the CMV-promoter neu DNA vaccine exhibited stronger antitumor effects than mice given the DNA vaccine only. In addition, a correlation between the antitumor effects and the specific cellular immune responses was observed in the mice receiving the DNA vaccine and OSU-HDAC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-D Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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59
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Fest S, Huebener N, Bleeke M, Durmus T, Stermann A, Woehler A, Baykan B, Zenclussen AC, Michalsky E, Jaeger IS, Preissner R, Hohn O, Weixler S, Gaedicke G, Lode HN. Survivin minigene DNA vaccination is effective against neuroblastoma. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:104-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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60
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Wilson KD, de Jong SD, Kazem M, Lall R, Hope MJ, Cullis PR, Tam YK. The combination of stabilized plasmid lipid particles and lipid nanoparticle encapsulated CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides as a systemic genetic vaccine. J Gene Med 2009; 11:14-25. [PMID: 19003796 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA vaccines offer unique potential for generating protective and therapeutic immunity against infectious and malignant diseases. Unfortunately, rapid degradation and poor cellular uptake has significantly limited the efficacy of 'naked' plasmid DNA vaccines. We have previously described stabilized plasmid lipid particles (SPLP) as effective nonviral gene delivery vehicles for the transfection of tumours at distal sites following intravenous administration. Based on their low toxicity and favourable transfection profile following systemic administration, we investigate SPLP as gene delivery vehicles for the generation of a systemically administered genetic vaccine. METHODS The uptake of SPLP and their ability to transfect splenic antigen presenting cells (APC) following systemic administration is assessed through fluorescently-labelled SPLP in combination with phenotype markers and a very sensitive flow cytometry-based assay for the detection of the transgene, beta-galactosidase. The priming of antigen-specific adaptive and humoural immune responses following vaccination with SPLP alone or in combination with liposomal nanoparticle encapsulated CpG-ODN containing oligodeoxynucleotides (LN CpG-ODN) is characterized through the use of antigen-specific cytotoxicity assays, interferon-gamma secretion assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. RESULTS We demonstrate that SPLP are taken up by and transfect APC in the spleen following intravenous administration and that, in the presence of a strong immunostimulatory signal provided by LN CpG-ODN, are able to prime transgene-specific humoural and cellular immune responses. CONCLUSIONS SPLP represent an effective candidate for the nonviral delivery of a systemic genetic vaccine when combined with additional immune stimulation provided by LN CpG-ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley D Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Behzadian Q, F. Mehraba J, Najar Peer S, Khodabande M, Soleimanja H, Hassan A. Construction of pcDNA/fimH Cassette as a DNA Vaccine Candidate Against Urinary Tract Infection and Evaluation of fimH Transcripts in COS7 Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2009.75.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yuan TF. Vaccination by muscle electroporation: The injury helps. Vaccine 2008; 26:4105-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Infection with Plasmodium parasites (malaria) contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality in affected areas. Interaction of the protozoan with the immune system has a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease, but may also hold a key to containing parasite numbers through specific immune responses, which vaccine development aims to harness. A central player in the generation of such immune responses is the dendritic cell. However, Plasmodium parasites appear to have profound activating and suppressing effects on dendritic cell function, which may enhance immunopathology or facilitate the parasite's survival by depressing beneficial immunity. Furthermore, immune responses to other infections and vaccines may be impaired. A greater understanding of the effects of the parasite on dendritic cells will contribute to insight and potential defeat of this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Todryk
- Biomolecular & Biomedical Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a serious infection disease caused by pathogenic strains of the Leptospira spirochetes, which affects not only humans but also animals. It has long been expected to find an effective vaccine to prevent leptospirosis through immunization of high risk humans or animals. Although some leptospirosis vaccines have been obtained, the vaccination is relatively unsuccessful in clinical application despite decades of research and millions of dollars spent. In this review, the recent advancements of recombinant outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccines, inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines and DNA vaccines against leptospirosis are reviewed. A comparison of these vaccines may lead to development of new potential methods to combat leptospirosis and facilitate the leptospirosis vaccine research. Moreover, a vaccine ontology database was built for the scientists working on the leptospirosis vaccines as a starting tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, PR China.
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65
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Stoecklinger A, Grieshuber I, Scheiblhofer S, Weiss R, Ritter U, Kissenpfennig A, Malissen B, Romani N, Koch F, Ferreira F, Thalhamer J, Hammerl P. Epidermal langerhans cells are dispensable for humoral and cell-mediated immunity elicited by gene gun immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:886-93. [PMID: 17617579 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene gun immunization, i.e., bombardment of skin with DNA-coated particles, is an efficient method for the administration of DNA vaccines. Direct transfection of APC or cross-presentation of exogenous Ag acquired from transfected nonimmune cells enables MHC-I-restricted activation of CD8(+) T cells. Additionally, MHC-II-restricted presentation of exogenous Ag activates CD4(+) Th cells. Being the principal APC in the epidermis, Langerhans cells (LC) seem ideal candidates to accomplish these functions. However, the dependence on LC of gene gun-induced immune reactions has not yet been demonstrated directly. This was primarily hampered by difficulties to discriminate the contributions of LC from those of other dermal dendritic cells. To address this problem, we have used Langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor knockin mice that allow for selective inducible ablation of LC. LC deficiency, even over the entire duration of experiments, did not affect any of the gene gun-induced immune functions examined, including proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, IFN-gamma secretion by spleen cells, Ab production, CTL activity, and development of protective antitumor immunity. Together, our data show that gene gun immunization is capable of inducing humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions independently of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Stoecklinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Allergy Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Lin CC, Tu CF, Yen MC, Chen MC, Hsieh WJ, Chang WC, Chang WT, Lai MD. Inhibitor of heat-shock protein 90 enhances the antitumor effect of DNA vaccine targeting clients of heat-shock protein. Mol Ther 2007; 15:404-10. [PMID: 17235320 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Geldanamycin (GA), a heat-shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor, induces degradation of HSP90 client proteins, which may promote the presentation of degradation peptides with major histocompatibility complex class I on cancer cells. We hypothesized that GA may enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccination, and investigated the therapeutic effect of the combination of GA and a DNA vaccine against HSP90 clients p185(neu) and Met. The efficacy of various doses of GA combined with an N-terminal neu (N'-neu) DNA vaccine was investigated in a transplanted tumor constitutively overexpressing endogenous p185(neu). Low-dose (2.5 mug) but not high-dose (10 microg) GA enhanced the effect of N'-neu DNA vaccination on the inhibition of murine bladder tumor-2 tumors in syngeneic C3H mice. Anti-p185(neu) antibody titers were similar among all treated groups. Significantly increased infiltrations of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells were observed at tumor sites. GA sensitized tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of lymphocytes. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells eliminated most of the therapeutic efficacy; in contrast, depletion of CD4(+) T cells enhanced the therapeutic efficacy. A similar enhancing effect was observed for the combination of GA and a DNA vaccine targeting the Met oncogene. Our results support the use of combination of GA and DNA vaccination against GA-targeted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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67
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Mockey M, Bourseau E, Chandrashekhar V, Chaudhuri A, Lafosse S, Le Cam E, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B, Pichon C, Midoux P. mRNA-based cancer vaccine: prevention of B16 melanoma progression and metastasis by systemic injection of MART1 mRNA histidylated lipopolyplexes. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 14:802-14. [PMID: 17589432 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with mRNA encoding tumor antigen is an emerging vaccine strategy for cancer. In this paper, we demonstrate that mice receiving systemic injections of MART1 mRNA histidylated lipopolyplexes were specifically and significantly protected against B16F10 melanoma tumor progression. The originality of this work concerns the use of a new tumor antigen mRNA formulation as vaccine, which allows an efficient protection against the growth of a highly aggressive tumor model after its delivery by intravenous route. Synthetic melanoma-associated antigen MART1 mRNA was formulated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated derivative of histidylated polylysine and L-histidine-(N,N-di-n-hexadecylamine)ethylamide liposomes (termed histidylated lipopolyplexes). Lipopolyplexes comprised mRNA/polymer complexes encapsulated by liposomes. The tumor protective effect was induced with MART1 mRNA carrying a poly(A) tail length of 100 adenosines at an optimal dose of 12.5 microg per mouse. MART1 mRNA lipopolyplexes elicited a cellular immune response characterized by the production of interferon-gamma and the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Finally, the anti-B16 response was enhanced using a formulation containing both MART1 mRNA and MART1-LAMP1 mRNA encoding the antigen targeted to the major histocompatibility complex class II compartments by the lysosomal sorting signal of LAMP1 protein. Our results provide a basis for the development of mRNA histidylated lipopolyplexes for cancer vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Histidine/metabolism
- MART-1 Antigen
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mockey
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, Orléans cedex 2, France
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Guo H, Hao J, Wu C, Shi Y, Zhao XY, Fang DC. A novel peptide-nucleotide dual vaccine of human telomerase reverse transcriptase induces a potent cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:1090-5. [PMID: 17462602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in over 85% of human cancers, which makes it a broadly applicable molecular target for cancer therapy. Several groups have demonstrated that hTERT can efficiently evoke specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses for malignant tumors. In the present study, we developed a novel virus-like particulate peptide-nucleotide dual vaccine (PNDV) of hTERT, which was composed of a low-affinity epitope variant with encoding full-length gene in the same virus-size particulate. We verified the formation of PNDV by DNA retarding assay, DNase I protection assay and transmission electron microscopy, and confirmed its immunogenicity and transfection activities in mammalian cells. Furthermore, in vivo immunization of HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice generated efficient IFN-gamma secretion and hTERT-specific CTLs which are known to cause selective cell death of telomerase positive gastrointestinal cancer cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first report on collocating a low-affinity epitope variant with a full-length hTERT gene for anti-cancer vaccine design. This novel strategy for vaccine design not only enables enhanced immunity to a universal tumor antigen, but also has the potential to generate CTLs effective in telomerase-positive tumor cells of diverse tissue origins. Therefore, our findings bear significant implications for immunotherapy of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Institute of Gastroenterology of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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69
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Abstract
Despite important success of preventive vaccination in eradication of smallpox and in reduction in incidence of poliomyelitis and measles, infectious diseases remain the principal cause of mortality in the world. Technologies used in the development of vaccines used so far, mostly based on empirical approaches, are limited and insufficient to fight diseases like malaria, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or adult tuberculosis. Until recently, technologies for making vaccines were based on live attenuated microorganisms, whole killed microorganisms and subunit vaccines such as purified toxoids. Fortunately, the recent advances in the understanding of host-pathogen interaction as well as our increasing knowledge of how immune responses are triggered and regulated have opened almost unlimited possibilities of developing new immunization strategies based on recombinant microorganisms or recombinant polypeptides or bacterial or viral vectors, synthetic peptides, natural or synthetic polysaccharides or plasmid DNA. Thus, considering the expending number of technologies available for making vaccines, it becomes possible for the first time in the history of vaccinology to design vaccines based on a rational approach and leading to increased efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Leclerc
- Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France et Inserm, U833, Paris, France.
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Callendret B, Lorin V, Charneau P, Marianneau P, Contamin H, Betton JM, van der Werf S, Escriou N. Heterologous viral RNA export elements improve expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike protein and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines against SARS. Virology 2007; 363:288-302. [PMID: 17331558 PMCID: PMC7103356 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein (S) is the main target of the protective immune response in humans and animal models of SARS. Here, we demonstrated that efficient expression of S from the wild-type spike gene in cultured cells required the use of improved plasmid vectors containing donor and acceptor splice sites, as well as heterologous viral RNA export elements, such as the CTE of Mazon-Pfizer monkey virus or the PRE of Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE). The presence of both splice sites and WPRE markedly improved the immunogenicity of S-based DNA vaccines against SARS. Upon immunization of mice with low doses (2 microg) of naked DNA, only intron and WPRE-containing vectors could induce neutralizing anti-S antibodies and provide protection against challenge with SARS-CoV. Our observations are likely to be useful for the construction of plasmid and viral vectors designed for optimal expression of intronless genes derived from cytoplasmic RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Callendret
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, URA CNRS 1966, EA 302 Université Paris 7, France
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, URA CNRS 1966, EA 302 Université Paris 7, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Groupe à 5 ans de Virologie Moléculaire et de Vectorologie, France
| | - Philippe Marianneau
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Hugues Contamin
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-Michel Betton
- Unité de Biochimie Structurale, URA CNRS 2185, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 PARIS Cedex 15, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, URA CNRS 1966, EA 302 Université Paris 7, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, URA CNRS 1966, EA 302 Université Paris 7, France
- Corresponding author. Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus Respiratoires, URA CNRS 1966, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Fax: +33 140613241.
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Peng B, Zhao Y, Xu L, Xu Y. Electric pulses applied prior to intramuscular DNA vaccination greatly improve the vaccine immunogenicity. Vaccine 2006; 25:2064-73. [PMID: 17239494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation can improve intramuscular DNA vaccination efficacy but the exact antigen presentation mechanism remains unclear. We reported here that a similar immuno-potentiation effect was also observed by stimulating the skeletal muscles with electric pulses (EP) a few days prior to DNA inoculation (EP + n days + DNA). The application of EP by itself activated proinflammatory chemokine genes and stress genes. It also triggered an influx of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages (MPs). After DNA inoculation, the plasmids were seen taken up by these inflammatory MPs, which migrated to the draining LNs subsequently. The antibody responses results were fast and strong. Furthermore, MPs isolated from the draining LNs of EP + n days + DNA treated mice were capable of stimulating Ag specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. Based on these observations, we proposed that the local inflammation resulted from EP treatment played an important role in facilitating antigen presentation of the DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 1954 Hua Shan Rd., Shanghai 200030, PR China
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72
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Yue Y, Kaur A, Eberhardt MK, Kassis N, Zhou SS, Tarantal AF, Barry PA. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B, phosphoprotein 65-2, and viral interleukin-10 in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2006; 81:1095-109. [PMID: 17108040 PMCID: PMC1797524 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01708-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection of macaques exhibits strong similarities to human CMV (HCMV) persistence and pathogenesis. The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding three RhCMV proteins (a truncated version of glycoprotein B lacking the transmembrane region and endodomain [gBDeltaTM], phosphoprotein 65-2 [pp65-2], and viral interleukin-10 [vIL-10]) was evaluated in rhesus macaques. Two groups of monkeys (four per group) were genetically immunized four times with a mixture of either pp65-2 and gBDeltaTM or pp65-2, vIL-10, and gBDeltaTM. The vaccinees developed anti-gB and anti-pp65-2 antibodies in addition to pp65-2 cellular responses after the second booster immunization, with rapid responses observed with subsequent DNA injections. Weak vIL-10 immune responses were detected in two of the four immunized animals. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in seven monkeys, although titers were weak compared to those observed in naturally infected animals. The immunized monkeys and naïve controls were challenged intravenously with 10(5) PFU of RhCMV. Anamnestic binding and neutralizing antibody responses were observed 1 week postchallenge in the vaccinees. DNA vaccination-induced immune responses significantly decreased peak viral loads in the immunized animals compared to those in the controls. No difference in peak viral loads was observed between the pp65-2/gBDeltaTM DNA- and pp65-2/vIL-10/gBDeltaTM-vaccinated groups. Antibody responses to nonvaccine antigens were lower postchallenge in both vaccine groups than in the controls, suggesting long-term control of RhCMV protein expression. These data demonstrated that DNA vaccines targeting the RhCMV homologues of HCMV gB and pp65 altered the course of acute and persistent RhCMV infection in a primate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yue
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, County Rd. 98 and Hutchison Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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73
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Couvreur P, Vauthier C. Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1417-50. [PMID: 16779701 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this expert review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infections, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 30 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology, the main input being the ability to perform temporal and spatial site-specific delivery. This has led to some marketed compounds through the last decade. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the "magic bullet" proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich, there are, however, unresolved delivery problems to be still addressed. These scientific and technological locks are discussed along this review together with an analysis of the current situation concerning the industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Couvreur
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université de Paris Sud, 5 Rue J.B. Clément, 92 296, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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74
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Pai Kasturi S, Qin H, Thomson KS, El-Bereir S, Cha SC, Neelapu S, Kwak LW, Roy K. Prophylactic anti-tumor effects in a B cell lymphoma model with DNA vaccines delivered on polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized PLGA microparticles. J Control Release 2006; 113:261-70. [PMID: 16793161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiotypic sequences, specific to the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins expressed by malignant B cells offer a therapeutic target in B cell lymphoma. Efficient approaches have been described to clone a single chain fragment of the tumor immunoglobulin (Ig) comprising of heavy and light Ig chains (sFv) fused with proinflammatory chemokines. Tumor associated, poorly immunogenic self antigens encoded by plasmid DNA (pDNA) have been rendered immunogenic by chemokine fusion, thereby targeting to antigen presenting cells (APCs) which differentially express chemokine receptors. Here we present an injectable (parenteral) approach using synthetic polymer based cationic microparticle formulations for enhancing the potency of such chemokine/self antigen expressing plasmid construct. Branched and linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) were conjugated on poly (D, L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles using carbodiimide chemistry followed by efficient loading of plasmid DNA. In addition to imparting significant buffering ability to these cationic microparticles, flow cytometry studies indicate that these DNA loaded microparticles significantly up regulate CD80 and MHC class II markers in phagocytic RAW264.7 cells, indicating intrinsic adjuvant effects. Intradermal injections in Balb/c mice with these formulations induced significant protection upon tumor challenge with 2.5 times the minimal lethal dose. Long term survival rates were significant (p < 0.05) in comparison with saline injected controls or blank microparticles. Further studies indicated that intramuscular delivery might provide better protection compared to intradermal injections and perform similar to gene gun mediated administration. We conclude, based on these promising in vivo results, that such surface-functionalized microparticles offer an attractive strategy to improve the potency of self antigen-based cancer DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, ENS 610, C0800, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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75
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Sloat BR, Cui Z. Strong mucosal and systemic immunities induced by nasal immunization with anthrax protective antigen protein incorporated in liposome-protamine-DNA particles. Pharm Res 2006; 23:262-9. [PMID: 16319999 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-9078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The very lengthy and complicated dosing schedule of the current anthrax vaccine adsorbed, which was licensed in the USA for the prevention of cutaneous anthrax infection, calls for the development of an efficacious and easily administrable vaccine to prevent against the most lethal form of anthrax infection, the inhalation anthrax. We propose to develop a nasal anthrax vaccine using anthrax protective antigen (PA) protein carried by liposome-protamine-DNA (LPD) particles. METHODS PA was incorporated in LPD particles and nasally dosed to mice. The resulting PA-specific immune response and lethal toxin neutralization activity were measured. RESULTS Mice nasally immunized with PA incorporated into LPD particles developed both systemic and mucosal anti-PA responses. The anti-PA immunities induced included the production of anti-PA antibodies (IgG and IgM in the serum and IgA in nasal and lung mucosal secretions) and the proliferation of splenocytes after in vitro stimulation. The anti-PA IgG subtype induced was mainly IgG1. Finally, anthrax lethal toxin neutralization activity was detected both in the serum and in the mucosal secretions. CONCLUSIONS The anti-PA immune response induced by nasal PA incorporated in LPD was comparable to that induced by nasal PA adjuvanted with cholera toxin or subcutaneously injected PA adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Sloat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
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