51
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Shrestha R, Khanal HD, Yang W, Kim SH, Shim J, Lee YR. Metal‐Free
N
‐Annulation of 3‐Formylchromones with α‐Amino Ketones for the Construction of Diverse
N
‐Functionalized Pyrroles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 (Republic of Korea
| | - Hari Datta Khanal
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 (Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Guen Yang
- Analysis Research DivisionDaegu CenterKorea Basic Science Institute Daegu 41566 (Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research DivisionDaegu CenterKorea Basic Science Institute Daegu 41566 (Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Jin Shim
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 (Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 (Republic of Korea
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52
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Liu L, Qiao JX, Ewing WR, Yeung K, Yu J. β
‐Selective C−H Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Thiophenes, Pyrroles, and Furans. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luo‐Yan Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton New Jersey 08543 United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton New Jersey 08543 United States
| | - Kap‐Sun Yeung
- Discovery ChemistryBristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development 100 Binney Street Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Jin‐Quan Yu
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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53
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Zhang J, Liu M, Li C, Xu YJ, Dong L. Synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrole derivatives via [3 + 2] cyclization of activated methylene isocyanides with 4-(arylidene)-2-substituted oxazol-5(4 H)-ones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient base-catalyzed [3 + 2] cyclization between isocyanides and 4-(arylidene)-2-substituted oxazol-5(4H)-ones has been successfully developed to form 2,3,4-trisubstituted and 2,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu
- China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
| | - Man Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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54
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Judd DB. The Symbiotic Relationship Between Drug Discovery and Organic Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 26:1196-1237. [PMID: 31429510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
All pharmaceutical products contain organic molecules; the source may be a natural product or a fully synthetic molecule, or a combination of both. Thus, it follows that organic chemistry underpins both existing and upcoming pharmaceutical products. The reverse relationship has also affected organic synthesis, changing its landscape towards increasingly complex targets. This Review article sets out to give a concise appraisal of this symbiotic relationship between organic chemistry and drug discovery, along with a discussion of the design concepts and highlighting key milestones along the journey. In particular, criteria for a high-quality compound library design enabling efficient virtual navigation of chemical space, as well as rise and fall of concepts for its synthetic exploration (such as combinatorial chemistry; diversity-, biology-, lead-, or fragment-oriented syntheses; and DNA-encoded libraries) are critically surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kiev, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kiev, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Duncan B Judd
- Awridian Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2FX, UK
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55
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Jadala C, Prasad B, Prasanthi AVG, Shankaraiah N, Kamal A. Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of substituted pyrroles by employing aza-Wittig reaction. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30659-30665. [PMID: 35529397 PMCID: PMC9072206 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild and metal-free one-pot synthetic strategy has been developed for the construction of substituted pyrroles by employing aza-Wittig reaction from a unique and unexplored combination of chromones and phenacyl azides. This method does not compromise the diverse substitutions on both the phenacyl azides and chromones. The merits of this method are wide substrate scope, easy functionalization, short reaction time, operationally simple, and higher yields. Moreover, this method is amenable for the generation of a library of key pyrrole building blocks. A mild and metal-free one-pot synthetic strategy has been developed for the construction of substituted pyrroles by employing aza-Wittig reaction from a unique and unexplored combination of chromones and phenacyl azides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Jadala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad-500 037 India
| | - Budaganaboyina Prasad
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - A V G Prasanthi
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad-500 037 India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad-500 037 India .,Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007 India .,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
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56
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Bentler P, Bergander K, Daniliuc CG, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Jumde RP, Hirsch AKH, Gilmour R. Inverting Small Molecule-Protein Recognition by the Fluorine Gauche Effect: Selectivity Regulated by Multiple H→F Bioisosterism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10990-10994. [PMID: 31157945 PMCID: PMC6771710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated motifs have a venerable history in drug discovery, but as C(sp3 )-F-rich 3D scaffolds appear with increasing frequency, the effect of multiple bioisosteric changes on molecular recognition requires elucidation. Herein we demonstrate that installation of a 1,3,5-stereotriad, in the substrate for a commonly used lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens does not inhibit recognition, but inverts stereoselectivity. This provides facile access to optically active, stereochemically well-defined organofluorine compounds (up to 98 % ee). Whilst orthogonal recognition is observed with fluorine, the trend does not hold for the corresponding chlorinated substrates or mixed halogens. This phenomenon can be placed on a structural basis by considering the stereoelectronic gauche effect inherent to F-C-C-X systems (σ→σ*). Docking reveals that this change in selectivity (H versus F) with a common lipase results from inversion in the orientation of the bound substrate being processed as a consequence of conformation. This contrasts with the stereochemical interpretation of the biogenetic isoprene rule, whereby product divergence from a common starting material is also a consequence of conformation, albeit enforced by two discrete enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bentler
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Ravindra P. Jumde
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and OptimizationUniversity Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Department of Drug Design and OptimizationUniversity Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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57
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Kumar M, Sharma S, Sil P, Kushwaha M, Mayor S, Vishwakarma RA, Singh PP. C-H Arylation of N
-Heteroarenes under Metal-Free Conditions and its Application towards the Synthesis of Pentabromo- and Pentachloropseudilins. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
| | - Parijat Sil
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; GKVK; Bellary Road 560065 Bangalore- India
| | - Manoj Kushwaha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; GKVK; Bellary Road 560065 Bangalore- India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road -180001 Jammu India
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58
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Cramer J, Sager CP, Ernst B. Hydroxyl Groups in Synthetic and Natural-Product-Derived Therapeutics: A Perspective on a Common Functional Group. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8915-8930. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cramer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P. Sager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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59
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Chen D, Shan Y, Li J, You J, Sun X, Qiu G. External Reductant-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Insertion of Isocyanide: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles and Its Applications as a Cysteine Probe. Org Lett 2019; 21:4044-4048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Shan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmao You
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan 411201, China
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60
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Fariba F, Akhavan M, Rabee MS. Investigating the effect of atorvastatin drug on HbA1c in patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized in Farshchian Hospital, Hamadan province, Iran, in 2014-2015 (a before-after study). ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/93474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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DBU-promoted tandem Michael-addition/cyclization for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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62
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Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Neochoritis CG, Dömling A. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) by MCR. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:389-392. [PMID: 30891146 PMCID: PMC6421582 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
A concise and convergent synthesis
of the atorvastatin, the best-selling cardiovascular drug of all time,
is presented. Our approach is based on an Ugi reaction, which shortens
the current synthetic route and is advantageous over the published
syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9700 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9700 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Design group, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9700 AV, The Netherlands
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63
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(η6-Benzene)Ru(II) half-sandwich complexes of pyrazolated chalcogenoethers for catalytic activation of aldehydes to amides transformation. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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64
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Karami H, Hossaini Z, Sabbaghan M, Rostami-Charati F. One-pot three-component reaction of ninhydrin, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and primary amines to afford indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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65
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Kondoh A, Iino A, Ishikawa S, Aoki T, Terada M. Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles Based on [3+2] Cycloaddition Strategy Utilizing [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement under Brønsted Base Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15246-15253. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant MoleculesGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Akio Iino
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sho Ishikawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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66
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Nishida Y, Takeda N, Matsuno K, Miyata O, Ueda M. Acylative Coupling of Amine and Indole Using Chloroform as a Carbonyl Group. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Nishida
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science; Kogakuin University; Nakano, Hachi-oji 192-0015 Tokyo Japan
| | - Okiko Miyata
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
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67
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Özdemir İ. Direct C-H Bond Arylation of C2-Blocked Pyrrole with Aryl Halides Using Palladium(II)-N
-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Nazan Kaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
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68
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One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles by Three-Component Reactions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes, Salicylaldehydes, and Ammonium Acetate. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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69
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Jafari B, Ospanov M, Ejaz SA, Yelibayeva N, Khan SU, Amjad ST, Safarov S, Abilov ZA, Turmukhanova MZ, Kalugin SN, Ehlers P, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Iqbal J, Langer P. 2-Substituted 7-trifluoromethyl-thiadiazolopyrimidones as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Synthesis, structure activity relationship and molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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70
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Hattori Y, Seko Y, Peerapattana J, Otsuka K, Sakamoto T, Otsuka M. Rapid identification of oral solid dosage forms of counterfeit pharmaceuticals by discrimination using near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 29:1-14. [PMID: 29254069 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since it can take an enormous amount of time and cost to discriminate counterfeit medicines by using conventional methods, counterfeit medicines has been spread in the world markets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and simple analytical method to discriminate counterfeit drugs using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. METHODS Seven types of brand name tablet and generic tablets containing atorvastatin calcium sesquihydrate (AT) preparations were used as simulated counterfeit medicines. NIR spectra of 35 AT tablet products were measured using a diffuse reflection method. RESULTS The NIR spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA results suggested that the model had sufficient accuracy to discriminate the 7 types for AT tablets. The NIR spectral data were also analyzed using a soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method. Predicting the classification of the AT tablet samples was performed based on all the validated AT tablet data using the SIMCA model, and the probability of classification of 7 types was 100%. The discrimination power spectrum of the SIMCA model indicated significant patterns based on diluents. CONCLUSIONS The PCA and SIMCA classification of the AT tablets were depended on the major excipient combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hattori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yurie Seko
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Jomjai Peerapattana
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No.123, Naimaung, Muang Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kuniko Otsuka
- Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
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71
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Holdgate GA, Meek TD, Grimley RL. Mechanistic enzymology in drug discovery: a fresh perspective. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:115-132. [PMID: 29192286 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the therapeutic and commercial success of small-molecule enzyme inhibitors, as exemplified by kinase inhibitors in oncology, a major focus of current drug-discovery and development efforts is on enzyme targets. Understanding the course of an enzyme-catalysed reaction can help to conceptualize different types of inhibitor and to inform the design of screens to identify desired mechanisms. Exploiting this information allows the thorough evaluation of diverse compounds, providing the knowledge required to efficiently optimize leads towards differentiated candidate drugs. This review highlights the rationale for conducting high-quality mechanistic enzymology studies and considers the added value in combining such studies with orthogonal biophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Holdgate
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Thomas D Meek
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Rachel L Grimley
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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72
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Bisht S, Peddinti RK. FeCl 3-Mediated Domino Reaction of Benzoxazinones with Aroylmethylidene Malonates: Synthesis to Functionalized Pyrrolobenzoxazines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13617-13625. [PMID: 29161050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An efficient domino approach for the synthesis of pyrrolobenzoxazine derivatives is described. The FeCl3-promoted domino reaction between aroylmethylidene malonates and benzoxazinones has been successfully established to afford the title compounds in good to excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. The domino protocol provides a concise and straightforward access to highly substituted pyrrolobenzoxazines with high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rama Krishna Peddinti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand, India
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73
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Sakaguchi H, Uetake Y, Ohashi M, Niwa T, Ogoshi S, Hosoya T. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Monodefluoroborylation of Polyfluoroalkenes en Route to Diverse Fluoroalkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12855-12862. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Sakaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Uetake
- Chemical
Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamic Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masato Ohashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Chemical
Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamic Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Chemical
Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamic Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory
of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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74
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Chaudhary R, Natarajan P. Visible Light Photoredox Activation of Sulfonyl Chlorides: Applications in Organic Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; Chandigarh - 160 014 India
| | - Palani Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; Chandigarh - 160 014 India
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75
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McCombs NL, Smirnova T, Ghiladi RA. Oxidation of Pyrrole by Dehaloperoxidase-Hemoglobin: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Pyrrolin-2-Ones. Catal Sci Technol 2017; 7:3104-3118. [PMID: 29158890 PMCID: PMC5693384 DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of oxidoreductases as biocatalysts in the syntheses of functionalized, monomeric pyrroles has been a challenge owing to, among a number of factors, undesired polypyrrole formation. Here, we have investigated the ability of dehaloperoxidase (DHP), the coelomic hemoglobin from the terebellid polychaete Amphitrite ornata, to catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of pyrroles as a new class of substrate for this enzyme. Substrate oxidation was observed for all compounds employed (pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, 2-methylpyrrole, 3-methylpyrrole and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Using pyrrole as a representative substrate, only a single oxidation product, 4-pyrrolin-2-one, was observed, and notably without formation of polypyrrole. Reactivity could be initiated from all three biologically relevant oxidation states for this catalytic globin: ferric, ferrous and oxyferrous. Isotope labeling studies determined that the O-atom incorporated into the 4-pyrrolin-2-one product was derived exclusively from H2O2, indicative of a peroxygenase mechanism. Consistent with this observation, single- and double-mixing stopped-flow UV-visible spectroscopic studies supported Compound I, but not Compounds ES or II, as the catalytically-relevant ferryl intermediate involved in pyrrole oxidation. Electrophilic addition of the ferryl oxygen to pyrrole is proposed as the mechanism of O-atom transfer. The results demonstrate the breadth of chemical reactivity afforded by dehaloperoxidase, and provide further evidence for establishing DHP as a multifunctional globin with practical applications as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolette L McCombs
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204 USA. Tel: +1 919 513 0680
| | - Tatyana Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204 USA. Tel: +1 919 513 0680
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204 USA. Tel: +1 919 513 0680
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76
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Huang L, Cai Y, Zheng C, Dai LX, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrole-Annulated Medium-Sized-Ring Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10545-10548. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
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77
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Huang L, Cai Y, Zheng C, Dai LX, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrole-Annulated Medium-Sized-Ring Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Li-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
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78
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Ramesh N, Gangadhara Rao M, Vasu Babu A, Nagababu P, Umamaheswara Rao V, Hari Babu B. Synthesis, antibacterial activity, and docking studies of some novel N′-benzylidene-2-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)acetohydrazides. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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79
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Abstract
Chirality is a key factor in the safety and efficacy of many drug products and thus the production of single enantiomers of drug intermediates and drugs has become important and state of the art in the pharmaceutical industry. There has been an increasing awareness of the enormous potential of microorganisms and enzymes (biocatalysts) for the transformation of synthetic chemicals with high chemo-, regio- and enatioselectivities providing products in high yields and purity. In this article, biocatalytic processes are described for the synthesis of key chiral intermediates for development pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh N Patel
- SLRP Associates, LLC, Consultation in Biocatalysis and Biotechnology, 572 Cabot Hill Road, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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80
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Famiglini V, Castellano S, Silvestri R. N-Pyrrylarylsulfones with High Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2017; 22:E434. [PMID: 28282943 PMCID: PMC6155187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review illustrates the various studies made to investigate the activity of N-pyrrylarylsulfone containing compounds as potential antiviral, anticancer and SNC drugs. A number of synthetic approaches to obtain tetracyclic, tricyclic and non-cyclic compounds, and their biological activity with regard to structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been reviewed. The literature reviewed here may provide useful information on the potential of N-pyrrylarylsulfone pharmacophore as well as suggest concepts for the design and synthesis of new N-pyrrylarylsulfone based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Famiglini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fiscano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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81
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Novel benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide deoxygenation path for the microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted benzothiophene-fused pyrrole derivatives. Mol Divers 2016; 21:53-60. [PMID: 27677736 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of C-(4-substituted-phenyl)-N-(benzoyl)-N-methylglycines with benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide unexpectedly gave benzothiophene-fused pyrrole derivatives in toluene under microwave irradiation via a cycloaddition and metal-free Pummerer-type sulfone deoxygenation path. In order to obtain the desired sulfone derivatives, the sulfide group underwent oxidation with m-CPBA to afford sulfones. The structures of all the new products were elucidated by spectroscopic/physical methods and, in two cases, by X-ray diffraction.
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82
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An efficient synthesis of pyrrole and fluorescent isoquinoline derivatives using NaN3/NH4Cl promoted intramolecular aza-annulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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83
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Dittrich N, Jung EK, Davidson SJ, Barker D. An acyl-Claisen/Paal-Knorr approach to fully substituted pyrroles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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84
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Kumar SV, Muthusaravanan S, Muthusubramanian S, Perumal S. An efficient one pot three-component domino reaction for the synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrroles. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai 625021 India
| | | | | | - Subbu Perumal
- Department of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai 625021 India
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85
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Estévez V, Sridharan V, Sabaté S, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Three-Component Synthesis of Pyrrole-Related Nitrogen Heterocycles by a Hantzsch-Type Process: Comparison between Conventional and High-Speed Vibration Milling Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Estévez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s.n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s.n. 28040 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical and Biotechnology; SASTRA University; Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sònia Sabaté
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s.n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s.n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s.n. 28040 Madrid Spain
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86
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King MA, Ganley IG, Flemington V. Inhibition of cholesterol metabolism underlies synergy between mTOR pathway inhibition and chloroquine in bladder cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:4518-28. [PMID: 26853465 PMCID: PMC5000518 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) signalling pathway components (for example, PTEN loss, PIK3CA, AKT1, TSC1/2) are common in bladder cancer, yet small-molecule inhibitors of these nodes (FGFR/PTENi) show only modest activity in preclinical models. As activation of autophagy is proposed to promote survival under FGFR/PTENi, we have investigated this relationship in a panel of 18 genetically diverse bladder cell lines. We found that autophagy inhibition does not sensitise bladder cell lines to FGFR/PTENi, but newly identify an autophagy-independent cell death synergy in FGFR3-mutant cell lines between mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway inhibitors and chloroquine (CQ)—an anti-malarial drug used as a cancer therapy adjuvant in over 30 clinical trials. The mechanism of synergy is consistent with lysosomal cell death (LCD), including cathepsin-driven caspase activation, and correlates with suppression of cSREBP1 and cholesterol biosynthesis in sensitive cell lines. Remarkably, loss of viability can be rescued by saturating cellular membranes with cholesterol or recapitulated by statin-mediated inhibition, or small interfering RNA knockdown, of enzymes regulating cholesterol metabolism. Modulation of CQ-induced cell death by atorvastatin and cholesterol is reproduced across numerous cell lines, confirming a novel and fundamental role for cholesterol biosynthesis in regulating LCD. Thus, we have catalogued the molecular events underlying cell death induced by CQ in combination with an anticancer therapeutic. Moreover, by revealing a hitherto unknown aspect of lysosomal biology under stress, we propose that suppression of cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells should elicit synergy with CQ and define a novel approach to future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A King
- AstraZeneca Oncology, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - I G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - V Flemington
- AstraZeneca Oncology, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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87
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Stockwell J, Daniels AD, Windle CL, Harman TA, Woodhall T, Lebl T, Trinh CH, Mulholland K, Pearson AR, Berry A, Nelson A. Evaluation of fluoropyruvate as nucleophile in reactions catalysed by N-acetyl neuraminic acid lyase variants: scope, limitations and stereoselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:105-12. [PMID: 26537532 PMCID: PMC4717870 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The catalysis of reactions involving fluoropyruvate as donor by N-acetyl neuraminic acid lyase (NAL) variants was investigated. Under kinetic control, the wild-type enzyme catalysed the reaction between fluoropyruvate and N-acetyl mannosamine to give a 90 : 10 ratio of the (3R,4R)- and (3S,4R)-configured products; after extended reaction times, equilibration occurred to give a 30 : 70 mixture of these products. The efficiency and stereoselectivity of reactions of a range of substrates catalysed by the E192N, E192N/T167V/S208V and E192N/T167G NAL variants were also studied. Using fluoropyruvate and (2R,3S)- or (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-N,N-dipropylbutanamide as substrates, it was possible to obtain three of the four possible diastereomeric products; for each product, the ratio of anomeric and pyranose/furanose forms was determined. The crystal structure of S. aureus NAL in complex with fluoropyruvate was determined, assisting rationalisation of the stereochemical outcome of C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stockwell
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Adam D. Daniels
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Claire L. Windle
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Thomas A. Harman
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Thomas Woodhall
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Tomas Lebl
- School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Chi H. Trinh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Keith Mulholland
- Chemical Development , AstraZeneca , Silk Road Business Park , Macclesfield , Cheshire , SK10 2NA , UK
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Alan Berry
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
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88
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Khajuria R, Dham S, Kapoor KK. Active methylenes in the synthesis of a pyrrole motif: an imperative structural unit of pharmaceuticals, natural products and optoelectronic materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03411j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most important azaheterocycles, due to its wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals and optoelectronic materials, coupled with its utility as an intermediate in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumita Dham
- Government College for Women, Parade
- Jammu-180001
- India
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89
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Cores Á, Estévez V, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Three-component access to 2-pyrrolin-5-ones and their use in target-oriented and diversity-oriented synthesis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of two multicomponent reactions,i.e.a Hantzsch-type synthesis of 2-pyrrolin-5-ones and a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition generated complex spirocyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Verónica Estévez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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90
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Concise Access to 1,2-Pyrrole-Annulated Benzazepines through a Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Domino Reaction. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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91
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Cazade PA, Tran H, Bereau T, Das AK, Kläsi F, Hamm P, Meuwly M. Solvation of fluoro-acetonitrile in water by 2D-IR spectroscopy: A combined experimental-computational study. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212415. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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92
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Petyaev IM. Improvement of hepatic bioavailability as a new step for the future of statin. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:406-10. [PMID: 25995759 PMCID: PMC4424257 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a group of highly efficient pharmacological agents used for reducing blood cholesterol level and prevention/treatment of cardiovascular disease. Adverse reactions during statin treatment affect quite significant numbers of patients (reportedly from 5% to 20%), with more side effects occurring at higher doses. Reduced statin dosing can be achieved by improved bioavailability of statins, which is fairly low due to poor aqueous solubility, low permeability and high molecular weight of some members of the statin family. Moreover, since hepatic cholesterologenesis is a main target of statin action and extrahepatic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase has no effect on plasma lipids, hepatic bioavailability, in our opinion, becomes a new important modality of statins maximizing their potential effect on the plasma lipid profile and diminishing their extrahepatic toxicity. Therefore efficient delivery systems of statins into hepatocytes need to be developed and introduced. Uses of nano-emulsifying statin delivery systems which may include vectors of intrahepatic transport, in particular lycopene, are discussed. As a proof of concept, some preliminary results revealing the effect of a lycopene-containing nanoformulation of simvastatin (designated as Lyco-Simvastatin) on LDL in mildly hypercholesterolemic patients are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Petyaev
- Lycotec Ltd, Granta Park Campus, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, United Kingdom
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93
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Single-step fermentative production of the cholesterol-lowering drug pravastatin via reprogramming of Penicillium chrysogenum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2847-52. [PMID: 25691737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419028112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering blockbuster drug pravastatin can be produced by stereoselective hydroxylation of the natural product compactin. We report here the metabolic reprogramming of the antibiotics producer Penicillium chrysogenum toward an industrial pravastatin production process. Following the successful introduction of the compactin pathway into the β-lactam-negative P. chrysogenum DS50662, a new cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) from Amycolatopsis orientalis (CYP105AS1) was isolated to catalyze the final compactin hydroxylation step. Structural and biochemical characterization of the WT CYP105AS1 reveals that this CYP is an efficient compactin hydroxylase, but that predominant compactin binding modes lead mainly to the ineffective epimer 6-epi-pravastatin. To avoid costly fractionation of the epimer, the enzyme was evolved to invert stereoselectivity, producing the pharmacologically active pravastatin form. Crystal structures of the optimized mutant P450(Prava) bound to compactin demonstrate how the selected combination of mutations enhance compactin binding and enable positioning of the substrate for stereo-specific oxidation. Expression of P450(Prava) fused to a redox partner in compactin-producing P. chrysogenum yielded more than 6 g/L pravastatin at a pilot production scale, providing an effective new route to industrial scale production of an important drug.
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94
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Novozhilov YV, Dorogov MV, Blumina MV, Smirnov AV, Krasavin M. An improved kilogram-scale preparation of atorvastatin calcium. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:7. [PMID: 25705254 PMCID: PMC4333361 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background If literature protocols are followed, conversion of an advanced ketal ester intermediate (available in kilogram quantities via a published Paal-Knorr synthesis) to cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin calcium is hampered by several process issues, particularly at the final stage where the hemi-calcium salt is obtained. Results We developed a high-yielding synthesis of atorvastatin calcium salt on 7 kg scale that affords >99.5% product purities by introducing the following key improvements: i. isolating the pure product of the ketal deprotection step as crystalline solid, and ii. using a convenient ethyl acetate extraction procedure to isolate the pure atorvastatin calcium at the ester hydrolysis and counter-ion exchange step. Conclusion The convenient and operationally simple conversion of an advanced intermediate of atorvastatin to the clinically used hemi-calcium salt form of the drug that is superior to the methods obtainable from the literature is now available to facilitate the production of atorvastatin calcium on industrial scale. Stepwise ketal and tert-butyl ester group hydrolysis and a modified work-up protocol lead to a more convenient preparation of API-grade atorvastatin calcium. ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-015-0082-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Novozhilov
- The Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Dorogov
- The Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000 Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Blumina
- The Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Smirnov
- The Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskyi Prospekt, Peterhof, 198504 Russian Federation
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96
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Organocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from 1,2-diones, aldehydes and arylamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16652-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an organocatalyzed three-component reaction of 1,2-diones, aldehydes and arylamines, which provides an efficient approach to access polysubstituted pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zheng
- Institute and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Youming Wang
- Institute and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zhou
- Institute and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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97
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Abbat S, Dhaked D, Arfeen M, Bharatam PV. Mechanism of the Paal–Knorr reaction: the importance of water mediated hemialcohol pathway. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the Paal–Knorr reaction was explored using quantum chemical methods. Hydronium ion catalysed hemialcohol pathway has been established as the preferred mechanistic route for the Paal–Knorr formation of furan, pyrrole and thiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheenu Abbat
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Devendra Dhaked
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- S.A.S. Nagar
- India
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98
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Liu ZQ, Ye JJ, Shen ZY, Hong HB, Yan JB, Lin Y, Chen ZX, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Upscale production of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate by using carbonyl reductase coupled with glucose dehydrogenase in aqueous-organic solvent system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2119-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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99
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Ueda K, Amaike K, Maceiczyk RM, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. β-Selective C-H arylation of pyrroles leading to concise syntheses of lamellarins C and I. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13226-32. [PMID: 25190257 DOI: 10.1021/ja508449y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first general β-selective C-H arylation of pyrroles has been developed by using a rhodium catalyst. This C-H arylation reaction, which is retrosynthetically straightforward but results in unusual regioselectivity, could result in de novo syntheses of pyrrole-derived natural products and pharmaceuticals. As such, we have successfully synthesized polycyclic marine pyrrole alkaloids, lamellarins C and I, by using this β-selective arylation of pyrroles with aryl iodides (C-H/C-I coupling) and a new double C-H/C-H coupling as key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirika Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of β-carboline derivatives using McbA, a new ATP-dependent amide synthetase. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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