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Tang J, Li M, Zhao C, Shen D, Liu L, Zhang X, Wei L. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020239. [PMID: 35215833 PMCID: PMC8874761 DOI: 10.3390/v14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E7) to elicit cell-mediated immune responses; their clinical efficacy, as measured by HSIL regression or cure, was modest when compared with placebo or surgery (conization), but both proved highly effective in clearing HPV infection, which should help further optimize strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, toward an ultimate goal of preventing malignancies in millions of patients who are living with persistent, oncogenic HPV infection but are not expected to benefit from current, prophylactic vaccines. The major roadblocks to a highly efficacious and practical product remain challenging and can be classified into five categories: (i) getting the vaccines into the right cells for efficient expression and presentation of HPV antigens (fusion proteins or epitopes); (ii) having adequate coverage of oncogenic HPV types, beyond the current focus on HPV-16 and -18; (iii) directing immune protection to various epithelial niches, especially anogenital mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract where HPV-transformed cells wreak havoc; (iv) establishing the time window and vaccination regimen, including dosage, interval and even combination therapy, for achieving maximum efficacy; and (v) validating therapeutic efficacy in patients with poor prognosis because of advanced, recurrent or non-resectable malignancies. Overall, the room for improvements is still large enough that continuing efforts for research and development will very likely extend into the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
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The Effect of Improving Preoperative Sleep Quality on Perioperative Pain by Zolpidem in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Study. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:3154780. [PMID: 35069955 PMCID: PMC8767387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3154780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods A prospective, randomized study was conducted with 88 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The experimental group (S group, n = 44) was given 10 mg of zolpidem tartrate one night before the surgical procedure, while no medication was given to the control group (C group, n = 44). The primary outcome was the intraoperative remifentanil consumption. Sufentanil consumption, average patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) effective press times, the visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were recorded at 6 h (T1), 12 h (T2), and 24 h (T3) postoperatively. Results The intraoperative remifentanil consumption was significantly lower in the S group than that in the C group (p < 0.01). Sufentanil consumption at 6 h and 12 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the S group than that in the C group (p < 0.05); average PCA effective press times and VAS scores, at 6 h and 12 h postoperatively, were significantly lower in the S group than those in the C group (p < 0.01); differences between groups 24 h postoperatively were not significant. No significant between-group difference was noted in the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion Improving patients' sleep quality the night before surgical procedure by zolpidem can decrease the usage of intraoperative analgesics and reduce postoperative pain.
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53
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Ugur N, Harputlu E, Sezer CV, Demirdogen RE, Ince M, Unlu CG, Yurt F, Emen FM, Kutlu HM, Ocakoglu K. Investigation of in vitro biological activities of hollow mesoporous carbon nanoparticles bearing D-NMAPPD on human lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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54
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Li Y, Xu J, Gu Y, Sun X, Dong H, Chen C. The Disease and Economic Burdens of Oesophageal Cancer in China from 2013 to 2030: A Dynamic Cohort Modelling Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 8:e33191. [PMID: 34963658 PMCID: PMC8928052 DOI: 10.2196/33191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Estimates of the EC burden are necessary and could offer evidence-based suggestions for local cancer control. Objective The aim of this study was to predict the disease burden of EC in China through the estimation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct medical expenditure by sex from 2013 to 2030. Methods A dynamic cohort Markov model was developed to simulate EC prevalence, DALYs, and direct medical expenditure by sex. Input data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks, Statistical Report of China Children’s Development, World Population Prospects 2019, and published papers. The JoinPoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALY rates, whereas the average annual growth rate (AAGR) was applied to analyze the changing direct medical expenditure trend over time. Results From 2013 to 2030, the predicted EC prevalence is projected to increase from 61.0 to 64.5 per 100,000 people, with annual EC cases increasing by 11.5% (from 835,600 to 931,800). The DALYs will increase by 21.3% (from 30,034,000 to 36,444,000), and the years of life lost (YLL) will account for over 90% of the DALYs. The DALY rates per 100,000 people will increase from 219.2 to 252.3; however, there was a difference between sexes, with an increase from 302.9 to 384.3 in males and a decline from 131.2 to 115.9 in females. The AAPC was 0.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 0.9%), 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%), and –0.7% (95% CI –0.8% to –0.7%) for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The direct medical expenditure will increase by 128.7% (from US $33.4 to US $76.4 billion), with an AAGR of 5.0%. The direct medical expenditure is 2-3 times higher in males than in females. Conclusions EC still causes severe disease and economic burdens. YLL are responsible for the majority of DALYs, which highlights an urgent need to establish a beneficial policy to reduce the EC burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Science and Education Department, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Qiantang district, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Junfang Xu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Yuxuan Gu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Xueshan Sun
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Changgui Chen
- Science and Education Department, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Qiantang district, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qiantang district, Yipeng Rd 98, Hangzhou, CN
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55
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Crowe J, Francis JJ, Edbrooke L, Loeliger J, Joyce T, Prickett C, Martin A, Khot A, Denehy L. Impact of an allied health prehabilitation service for haematologic patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy in a large cancer centre. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:1841-1852. [PMID: 34609585 PMCID: PMC8491182 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Evaluate the impact of a new multidisciplinary allied health prehabilitation service in haematologic cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (AuSCT). Methods In a tertiary cancer centre, 12 months of prospectively collected data was retrospectively analysed. Patients were referred to an allied health service for individualised exercise prescription, nutrition intervention and, if indicated through screening, psychological intervention. Impact and operational success were investigated using the RE-AIM framework: patient uptake of the service and sample representativeness (reach); effectiveness in terms of changes in outcomes from initial to pre-transplant assessment; adoption of the service by key stakeholders; fidelity of the prescribed exercise program (implementation); and the extent to which the new service had become routine practice (maintenance). Results One hundred and eighty-three patients were referred to the AuSCT service over 12 months, of whom 133 (73%) were referred into the prehabilitation service, 128 (96%) were eligible and 116 (91%) participated. Patients were representative of Australian AuSCT patients. Eighty-nine patients reached pre-transplant assessment by data censoring; 6-min walk distance (n = 45/89, 51%) improved a mean (95% CI) of 39.9 m (18.8 to 61.0, p = < 0.005) from baseline. Fidelity of exercise prescription was moderate with 72% of eligible patients receiving the intended exercise interventions. The referral trend over time (maintenance) was high after the initiation period. Conclusion The prehabilitation service was well adopted by clinicians. Clinically relevant improvements in outcomes were demonstrated. Recommendations, including development of well-integrated discipline-specific assessment intervention and measurement protocols, are highlighted for service improvement. Prehabilitation should be routinely considered to support patients undergoing AuSCT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06607-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Crowe
- Allied Health Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jill J Francis
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lara Edbrooke
- Allied Health Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenelle Loeliger
- Allied Health Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trish Joyce
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina Prickett
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychosocial Oncology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia Martin
- Allied Health Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Denehy
- Allied Health Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Choi IY, Choi YJ, Shin DW, Han KD, Jeon KH, Jeong SM, Yoo JE. Association between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2834-2840. [PMID: 34033134 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity was suggested to increase the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in women, but results from previous studies were inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between obesity and the risk of GC according to menopausal status. METHODS We enrolled 1 418 180 premenopausal and 4 854 187 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years using the Korean National Health Insurance System Cohort (2009-2014). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GC incidence according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using the Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of 7.2 years, 42 441 women were newly diagnosed with GC. Compared with the group with BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2 , the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for GC in the groups with BMI < 18.5, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 were 1.12 (0.95-1.33), 0.96 (0.89-1.04), 1.02 (0.94-1.11), and 0.99 (0.83-1.18), respectively, for premenopausal women and 1.07 (1.00-1.14), 1.01 (0.99-1.04), 1.03 (1.00-1.05), and 1.11 (1.10-1.16), respectively, for postmenopausal women. Compared with the group with WC 65-74.9 cm, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for GC for the groups with WC < 65, 75-84.9, 85-94.9, and ≥ 90 cm were 1.00 (0.88-1.15), 1.03 (0.96-1.11), 1.10 (0.99-1.22), and 1.02 (0.81-1.27), respectively, for premenopausal women and 1.01 (0.94-1.09), 1.01 (0.99-1.04), 1.09 (1.06-1.13), and 1.14 (1.09-1.19), respectively, for postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between the highest BMI and WC category and risk of GC in postmenopausal women; however, such an association was not evident in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Choi
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Hye Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi, Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: Gene Therapies (Part II). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080976. [PMID: 34439595 PMCID: PMC8393930 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) still have a high rate of recurrence and lethality. Gene therapies were projected to overcome the therapeutic resilience of HGGs, due to the intrinsic genetic heterogenicity and immune evasion pathways. The present literature review strives to provide an updated overview of the novel gene therapies for HGGs treatment, highlighting evidence from clinical trials, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted through PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, using the keywords “high-grade glioma,” “glioblastoma,” and “malignant brain tumor”, combined with “gene therapy,” “oncolytic viruses,” “suicide gene therapies,” “tumor suppressor genes,” “immunomodulatory genes,” and “gene target therapies”. Only articles in English and published in the last 15 years were chosen, further screened based on best relevance. Data were analyzed and described according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Viruses were the most vehicles employed for their feasibility and transduction efficiency. Apart from liposomes, other viral vehicles remain largely still experimental. Oncolytic viruses and suicide gene therapies proved great results in phase I, II preclinical, and clinical trials. Tumor suppressor, immunomodulatory, and target genes were widely tested, showing encouraging results especially for recurrent HGGs. Conclusions: Oncolytic virotherapy and suicide genes strategies are valuable second-line treatment options for relapsing HGGs. Immunomodulatory approaches, tumor suppressor, and target genes therapies may implement and upgrade standard chemoradiotherapy. Future research aims to improve safety profile and prolonging therapeutic effectiveness. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of gene-based therapies.
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de Mello RA, Amaral GA, Neves NM, Lippo EG, Parini F, Xu S, Tolia M, Charalampakis N, Tadokoro H, Castelo-Branco P, Zhu J. Current and potential biomarkers in gastric cancer: a critical review of the literature. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3383-3396. [PMID: 34291647 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second most lethal. Gastric cancer biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis. The following search terms were applied to PubMed as of December 2020: 'gastric cancer classification', 'gastric cancer epidemiology', 'cancer metastasis' and 'gastric cancer biomarker'. Only experimental studies were reported in the 'biomarkers' section. Some biomarkers can serve as therapeutic targets for antitumoral drugs. The genes analyzed include E-cadherin, RPRM, XAF1, MINT25, TFF1, p16 and p53. The miRNAs analyzed include miR-18a, miR185-5p, miR-125b and miR-21. Some molecules were associated with metastasis of gastric cancer, specifically those involved with EMT process and tissue degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve (FMCB UALG), Faro 8005-139, Portugal.,Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil.,Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Araujo Amaral
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Nathália Moisés Neves
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Estela Gudin Lippo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Parini
- Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Song Xu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 715 00, Greece
| | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve (FMCB UALG), Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Laparoscopic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Abstract
In the United States, the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased over the past five decades. However, despite overall decreasing trends in incidence rates of gastric cancer, rates of noncardia gastric cancer among adults aged less than 50 years in the United States are increasing, and most cases of gastric cancer still present with advanced disease and poor resultant survival. Epidemiologic studies have identified the main risk factors for gastric cancer, including increasing age, male sex, non-White race, Helicobacter pylori infection, and smoking. This article summarizes the current epidemiologic evidence with implications for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Theresa H Nguyen
- Baylor Clinic, 6620 Main Street, MS: BCM620, Room 110D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Yin J, Dawood S, Cohen R, Meyers J, Zalcberg J, Yoshino T, Seymour M, Maughan T, Saltz L, Van Cutsem E, Venook A, Schmoll HJ, Goldberg R, Hoff P, Hecht JR, Hurwitz H, Punt C, Diaz Rubio E, Koopman M, Cremolini C, Heinemann V, Tournigard C, Bokemeyer C, Fuchs C, Tebbutt N, Souglakos J, Doulliard JY, Kabbinavar F, Chibaudel B, de Gramont A, Shi Q, Grothey A, Adams R. Impact of geography on prognostic outcomes of 21,509 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in clinical trials: an ARCAD database analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211020547. [PMID: 34262614 PMCID: PMC8252342 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benchmarking international cancer survival differences is necessary to evaluate and improve healthcare systems. Our aim was to assess the potential regional differences in outcomes among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) participating in international randomized clinical trials (RCTs). DESIGN Countries were grouped into 11 regions according to the World Health Organization and the EUROCARE model. Meta-analyses based on individual patient data were used to synthesize data across studies and regions and to conduct comparisons for outcomes in a two-stage random-effects model after adjusting for age, sex, performance status, and time period. We used mCRC patients enrolled in the first-line RCTs from the ARCAD database, which provided enrolling country information. There were 21,509 patients in 27 RCTs included across the 11 regions. RESULTS Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Compared with other regions, patients from the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland were proportionaly over-represented, older, with higher performance status, more frequently male, and more commonly not treated with biological therapies. Cohorts from central Europe and the United States (USA) had significantly longer OS compared with those from UK and Ireland (p = 0.0034 and p < 0.001, respectively), with median difference of 3-4 months. The survival deficits in the UK and Ireland cohorts were, at most, 15% at 1 year. No evidence of a regional disparity was observed for PFS. Among those treated without biological therapies, patients from the UK and Ireland had shorter OS than central Europe patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Significant international disparities in the OS of cohorts of mCRC patients enrolled in RCTs were found. Survival of mCRC patients included in RCTs was consistently lower in the UK and Ireland regions than in central Europe, southern Europe, and the USA, potentially attributed to greater overall population representation, delayed diagnosis, and reduced availability of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shaheenah Dawood
- Mediclinic City Hospital: North Wing, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai UAE
| | - Romain Cohen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeff Meyers
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John Zalcberg
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tim Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Memory Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Goldberg
- Department of Oncology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paulo Hoff
- Centro de Oncologia de Brasilia do Sirio Libanes: Unidade Lago Sul, Siro Libanes, Brazil
| | - J. Randolph Hecht
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, UCLS Medical Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Niall Tebbutt
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Benoist Chibaudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Aimery de Gramont
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franco-British Institute, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Adams
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Center, Cardiff, UK
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Mizrahi D, Murnane A, Quinn S, Crowe J, Rosenbaum S, Adams D, Atkinson M. Exercise recommendations and referral patterns of oncology professionals. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:295-302. [PMID: 34187099 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise physiologists and physiotherapists can provide exercise interventions for cancer survivors; however, many do not access this support. Our primary aim explored referral habits to exercise professionals and attitudes of oncology professionals. Secondary aims explored fitness levels of oncology professionals and the relationship between fitness and exercise referral habits. METHODS Oncology professionals (n = 67) attending a national cancer conference in Australia participated in this cross-sectional study (23% doctors, 11% nurses, 25% allied health, and 41% other). A subgroup (n = 49) completed a fitness assessment measuring aerobic fitness (3-minute step test), muscle strength (handgrip dynamometry), and body composition (waist-to-hip ratio). Oncology professionals in a position to refer patients to exercise professionals were assessed on their history of patient referrals. RESULTS Sixty-seven of 750 eligible conference delegates participated (9% recruitment rate), of which 73% completed fitness assessments. Participants displayed above average physical activity and fitness levels with 60% meeting exercise guidelines. The majority (92%) agreed that exercise is important among cancer survivors to attenuate treatment-associated symptoms. Most understand the role of exercise physiologists (61%) and physiotherapists (64%) in cancer care. Seventy-three percent reported that referral to exercise professionals is optimal to increase exercise participation. Most (82%) oncology professionals who are able to refer patients to exercise professionals have self-reported doing so, while 91% recommended exercise themselves. Sixty-two percent were aware of evidence-based exercise guidelines. Fitness levels (p = 0.25), strength (p = 0.88), and physical activity (p = 0.33) did not impact referrals made to exercise professionals. CONCLUSION There was high awareness exercise-oncology benefits and evidence-based guidelines existed among sampled participants. Oncology professionals understand the role of exercise professionals, reflected by high self-reported referral rates. Implementing referral pathways to exercise professionals in cancer care may facilitate improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mizrahi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Murnane
- ONTrac at Peter Mac Victorian Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharni Quinn
- Physiotherapy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Crowe
- Physiotherapy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Adams
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Sydney South West Area Health Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morgan Atkinson
- Youth Cancer Services South Australia and Northern Territory, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology and Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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62
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Huang X, Chen C, Xu Y, Shen L, Chen Y, Su H. Infiltrating T-cell abundance combined with EMT-related gene expression as a prognostic factor of colon cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2688-2701. [PMID: 34180352 PMCID: PMC8806648 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1939618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT-related gene expression reportedly exhibits correlation with the anti-tumor immunity of T cells. In the present study, we explored the factors that might affect the efficacy of immunotherapy in colon cancer with treatment. In this regard, RNA-seq and clinical data of 469 colon cancer samples derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to calculate infiltrating T-cell abundance (ITA), to illustrate a pathway enrichment analysis, and to construct Cox proportional hazards (CPH) regression models. Subsequently, the RNA-seq and clinical data of 177 colon cancer samples derived from the GSE17536 cohort were used to validate the CPH regression models. We found that ITA showed correlation with EMT-related gene expression, and that it was not an independent prognostic factor for colon cancer. However, upon comparison of two groups with the same ITA, higher EMT expression helped predicted a worse prognosis, whereas a higher ITA could help predict a better prognosis upon comparison of two groups with the same EMT. Additionally, seven genes were found to be statistically related to the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. These results suggest that the balance between ITA and EMT-related gene expression is conducive to the prognosis of patients with colon cancer, and TPM1 is necessary to further explore the common target genes of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yajing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanxiao Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Na SJ, Park SH, Hong SB, Cho WH, Lee SM, Cho YJ, Park S, Koo SM, Park SY, Chang Y, Kang BJ, Kim JH, Oh JY, Jung JS, Yoo JW, Sim YS, Jeon K. Clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for severe acute respiratory failure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:788-795. [PMID: 31625551 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are limited data regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in immunocompromised patients, despite an increase in ECMO use in patients with respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients requiring ECMO support for severe acute respiratory failure. METHODS Between January 2012 and December 2015, all consecutive adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure who underwent ECMO for respiratory support at 16 tertiary or university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the immunocompromised status at the time of ECMO initiation. In-hospital and 6-month mortalities were compared between the 2 groups. In addition, association of immunocompromised status with 6-month mortality was evaluated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 461 patients, 118 (25.6%) were immunocompromised. Immunocompromised patients were younger and had lower haemoglobin and platelet counts than immunocompetent patients. Ventilatory parameters and the use of adjunctive/rescue therapies were similar between the 2 groups, but prone positioning was more commonly used in immunocompetent patients. Successful weaning rates from ECMO (46.6% vs 58.9%; P = 0.021) was lower and hospital mortality (66.1% vs 59.8%; P = 0.22) was higher in immunocompromised patients. In addition, immunocompromised status was associated with higher 6-month mortality (74.6% vs 64.7%, adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.35; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Immunocompromised patients treated with ECMO support for severe acute respiratory failure had poorer short- and long-term prognoses than did immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Na
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-My Koo
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Su Sim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongman Jeon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xu L, Wang Y, Ma Y, Huan S, Song G. Monitoring Immunotherapy With Optical Molecular Imaging. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2547-2557. [PMID: 33949786 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an effective way to mobilize the body's own immune system to confront tumor cells. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity, and the low therapeutic response to immunotherapy may lead to negative outcomes, which reinforces the urgency for early benefit predictors. Evaluating the infiltration of immune cells in solid tumors and metabolism changes of tumors provide potential response targets for monitoring immune response. Non-invasive imaging identifying prognostic biomarkers can select the beneficiaries of targeted immunotherapy from non-responses. Quantitative biomarkers may eventually improve the cancer management, help customize individual treatment plans and predict the treatment outcomes. In this review, we summarize the non-invasive optical molecular imaging methods for monitoring immunotherapy. With the combination of imaging and immunotherapy, the prediction of immunotherapy response may promote the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Kaushik M, Chandra Joshi R, Kushwah AS, Gupta MK, Banerjee M, Burget R, Dutta MK. Cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics as predictors of cervical cancer: A machine learning approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104559. [PMID: 34147008 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers in women and a significant cause of mortality. Cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics have been reported as biomarkers for determining the cervical cancer risk in the Indian population. This study was designed to apply a machine learning-based model using these risk factors for better prognosis and prediction of cervical cancer. This study includes the dataset of cytokine gene variants, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of normal healthy control subjects, and cervical cancer cases. Different risk factors, including demographic details and cytokine gene variants, were analysed using different machine learning approaches. Various statistical parameters were used for evaluating the proposed method. After multi-step data processing and random splitting of the dataset, machine learning methods were applied and evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation and also tested on the unseen data records of a collected dataset for proper evaluation and analysis. The proposed approaches were verified after analysing various performance metrics. The logistic regression technique achieved the highest average accuracy of 82.25% and the highest average F1-score of 82.58% among all the methods. Ridge classifiers and the Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier achieved the highest sensitivity-85%. The ridge classifier surpasses most of the machine learning classifiers with 84.78% accuracy and 97.83% sensitivity. The risk factors analysed in this study can be taken as biomarkers in developing a cervical cancer diagnosis system. The outcomes demonstrate that the machine learning assisted analysis of cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics can be utilised effectively for predicting the risk of developing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kaushik
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Chandra Joshi
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atar Singh Kushwah
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maneesh Kumar Gupta
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radim Burget
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Malay Kishore Dutta
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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66
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Darré T, Tchaou M, Djiwa T, Douaguibe B, Bassowa A, Adani-Ifé S, Amavi AK, N'Timon B, Amadou A, Simgban P, N'Bortche BK, Amégbor K, Aboubakari AS, Napo-Koura G. Breast Cancer in Togolese Women: Imaging and Clinicopathological Findings. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:11782234211020242. [PMID: 34103923 PMCID: PMC8170281 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its incidence and
mortality rates are expected to increase significantly over the next few
years, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to
describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, and
prognostic aspects of breast cancer in Togo. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed at our Department of Pathology of Lomé all cases
of breast cancer in women confirmed by histology over a period of 20 years
(2000-2019). Results: We collected 804 cases of breast cancer in women. The median age was 46.7
years (range, 12-86 years). Patients aged <40 years represented 48.38% of
cases, and the left breast was more affected (51.24%). Most women were
sexually active (71.52%) and resided in urban areas (66.29%). Carcinomas
represented the predominant histological group (796 cases, 99.00%) with a
predominance of invasive nonspecific type carcinoma (92.34%). These cancers
were diagnosed at late stage III using Nottingham grading (55.10%). The TNM
classification showed a predominance of grades T2NxMx (72.45%) and T4N1Mx
(17.76%). The luminal B profile (40.85%) was found mostly, and the mutation
of BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes was found in 2.61% of cases. Mastectomy was
performed in 7.59%, radiotherapy in 3.61%, and chemotherapy in 18.66%. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a frequent pathology in Togolese women, predominant in young
adults, often diagnosed at a late stage with limited possibilities of
treatment. The establishment of early care programs is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mazamaesso Tchaou
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Baguilane Douaguibe
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Akila Bassowa
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Solange Adani-Ifé
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Bidamin N'Timon
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Abdoulatif Amadou
- Department of Imaging, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Panakinao Simgban
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Bingo K N'Bortche
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé and Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Koffi Amégbor
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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Wang J, Hou D, Peng Y, Xiong J, Xiong L, Tan X. Efficacy and safety of Xihuang pill for gastric cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25726. [PMID: 34106598 PMCID: PMC8133098 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xihuang pill has been widely applied as a promising adjunctive drug for gastric cance. However, the exact effects and safety of Xihuang pill have yet to be systematically investigated. We aimed to summarize the effificacy and safety of Xihuang pill for the treatment of advanced GC through the meta-analysis, in order to provide scientific reference for the design of future clinical trials. METHODS The protocol followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Relevant randomized controlled trials were searched from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and echnology Periodical Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Papers in English or Chinese published from their inception to October 2020 will be included without any restrictions. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software will be applied for statistical analyses. Statistical heterogeneity will be computed by I2 tests. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to evaluate the stability of the results. The publication bias will be evaluated by funnel plots and Egger test. The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluate system. RESULTS The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study will provide helpful evidence of the effect and safety of Xihuang pill for the treatment of GC in clinical practice. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/VFJAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital South District, Beijing
| | - Daorui Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan Province
| | | | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital South District, Beijing
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The mechanism of how GC develops is vague, and therapies are inefficient. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenesis has attracted the attention from many scientists. During the development of GC, miRNAs function in the regulation of different phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, drug sensitivity and resistance, and stem-cell-like properties. MiRNAs were evaluated for use in diagnostic and prognostic predictions and exhibited considerable accuracy. Although many problems exist for the application of therapy, current studies showed the antitumor effects of miRNAs. This paper reviews recent advances in miRNA mechanisms in the development of GC and the potential use of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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69
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Ma TM, Lamb JM, Casado M, Wang X, Basehart TV, Yang Y, Low D, Sheng K, Agazaryan N, Nickols NG, Cao M, Steinberg ML, Kishan AU. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer (mirage): a phase iii randomized trial. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:538. [PMID: 33975579 PMCID: PMC8114498 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is becoming increasingly used in treating localized prostate cancer (PCa), with evidence showing similar toxicity and efficacy profiles when compared with longer courses of definitive radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiotherapy has multiple potential advantages over standard computed tomography (CT)-guided radiotherapy, including enhanced prostate visualization (abrogating the need for fiducials and MRI fusion), enhanced identification of the urethra, the ability to track the prostate in real-time, and the capacity to perform online adaptive planning. However, it is unknown whether these potential advantages translate into improved outcomes. This phase III randomized superiority trial is designed to prospectively evaluate whether toxicity is lower after MRI-guided versus CT-guided SBRT. Methods Three hundred men with localized PCa will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to SBRT using CT or MRI guidance. Randomization will be stratified by baseline International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (≤15 or > 15) and prostate gland volume (≤50 cc or > 50 cc). Five fractions of 8 Gy will be delivered to the prostate over the course of fourteen days, with or without hormonal therapy and elective nodal radiotherapy (to a dose of 5 Gy per fraction) as per the investigator’s discretion. The primary endpoint is the incidence of physician-reported acute grade ≥ 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity (during the first 90 days after SBRT), as assessed by the CTCAE version 4.03 scale. Secondary clinical endpoints include incidence of acute grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, 5-year cumulative incidences of physician-reported late grade ≥ 2 GU and GI toxicity, temporal changes in patient-reported quality of life (QOL) outcomes, 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival and the proportion of fractions of MRI-guided SBRT in which online adaptive radiotherapy is used. Discussion The MIRAGE trial is the first randomized trial comparing MRI-guided with standard CT-guided SBRT for localized PCa. The primary hypothesis is that MRI-guided SBRT will lead to an improvement in the cumulative incidence of acute grade ≥ 2 GU toxicity when compared to CT-guided SBRT. The pragmatic superiority design focused on an acute toxicity endpoint will allow an early comparison of the two technologies. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04384770. Date of registration: May 12, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04384770 Protocol version Version 2.1, Aug 28, 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08281-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Martin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James M Lamb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Casado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - T Vincent Basehart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yingli Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nzhde Agazaryan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas G Nickols
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Minsong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite # B265, Medical Plaza Driveway, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Darkwah WK, Aidoo G, Akoto D, Alhassan K, Adormaa BB, Puplampu JB. Proliferative activity of various grades and types of breast carcinoma using AgNOR (Argyrophilic Nuclear Organizer Region) expression and its prognostic significance. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1925356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kweku Darkwah
- College of Environment, Environmental Engineering Department, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Gideon Aidoo
- Clinical Research Laboratory Department, 37 Military Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dickson Akoto
- Department of Biology, College of Biochemistry, Université 08 Mai 1945 de Guelma, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Kadri Alhassan
- Clinical Research Laboratory Department, Holy Family Hospital, Nkawkaw, Ghana
| | - Buanya Beryl Adormaa
- College of Environment, Environmental Engineering Department, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joshua Buer Puplampu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Klupp F, Sass M, Bergmann F, Khajeh E, Ghamarnejad O, Hassenpflug M, Mehrabi A, Kulu Y. Impact of EGFR and EGFR ligand expression on treatment response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:448. [PMID: 33868486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have either synchronous or metachronous hepatic metastases in the course of their disease. Patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) whose tumors express wild-type KRAS benefit from treatment with monoclonal antibodies (such as cetuximab or panitumumab) that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the therapeutic response to these antibodies is variable, and further predictive models are required. The present study examined whether expression of different EGFRs or their ligands in tumors was associated with the response to cetuximab treatment. Tumor tissues, collected during liver resection in 28 patients with mCRC, were analyzed. The protein expression levels of EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3 and the EGFR ligands heregulin and amphiregulin were determined using Luminex 200® and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 weeks before and 6-8 weeks after treatment with cetuximab. Response to treatment was assessed using the response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST). The association between the protein expression levels of different EGFRs and their ligands with RECIST criteria was then analyzed to determine whether these protein levels could predict the treatment response to cetuximab. A total of 12 patients exhibited a partial response, 9 exhibited stable disease and 7 exhibited progressive disease after cetuximab therapy according to RECIST. The expression levels of EGFRs (EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2 and ErbB3) and their ligands (heregulin and amphiregulin) were not significantly associated with the response to cetuximab therapy. Therefore, the present study indicated that EGFR or EGFR ligand expression did not predict treatment response in patients with CRC with liver metastases following cetuximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte Sass
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios Hospital, D-21075 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elias Khajeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omid Ghamarnejad
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hassenpflug
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yakup Kulu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Malik PRA, Doumouras AG, Malhan RS, Lee Y, Boudreau V, Barlow K, Karpinski M, Anvari M. Obesity, Cancer, and Risk Reduction with Bariatric Surgery. Surg Clin North Am 2021; 101:239-254. [PMID: 33743967 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has increased dramatically in North America and throughout the world and is expected to continue increasing in coming years. Obesity has been linked to several types of cancers and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following cancer diagnosis. Bariatric surgery has emerged as the prominent model to evaluate the effects of intentional weight loss on cancer incidence and outcomes. Current literature, comprising prospective cohort investigations, indicates site-specific reductions in cancer risk with select bariatric procedures. Future research is required to establish evidence-based indications for bariatric surgery in the context of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R A Malik
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1280 Main Street West, 2C Area, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Aristithes G Doumouras
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Roshan S Malhan
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yung Lee
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Vanessa Boudreau
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1280 Main Street West, 2C Area, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen Barlow
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Marta Karpinski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1280 Main Street West, 2C Area, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mehran Anvari
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Rm T2141 Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: The Immunotherapeutic Approach (Part I). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030386. [PMID: 33803885 PMCID: PMC8003180 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) against conventional chemotherapies is due to their heterogeneous genetic landscape, adaptive phenotypic changes, and immune escape mechanisms. Innovative immunotherapies have been developed to counteract the immunosuppressive capability of gliomas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the efficacy of the immuno-based approach. The aim of this study is to review the newest immunotherapeutic approaches for glioma, focusing on the drug types, mechanisms of action, clinical pieces of evidence, and future challenges. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)-based literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the keywords “active/adoptive immunotherapy,” “monoclonal antibodies,” “vaccine,” and “engineered T cell.”, combined with “malignant brain tumor”, “high-grade glioma.” Only articles written in English published in the last 10 years were selected, filtered based on best relevance. Active immunotherapies include systemic temozolomide, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. In several preclinical and clinical trials, adoptive immunotherapies, including T, natural killer, and natural killer T engineered cells, have been shown to be potential treatment options for relapsing gliomas. Systemic temozolomide is considered the backbone for newly diagnosed HGGs. Bevacizumab and rindopepimut are promising second-line treatments. Adoptive immunotherapies have been proven for relapsing tumors, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Biological Screening and Radiolabeling of Raptinal as a Potential Anticancer Novel Drug in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Xu X, Zhou E, Zheng J, Zhang C, Zou Y, Lin J, Yu J. Prognostic and Predictive Value of m6A "Eraser" Related Gene Signature in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631803. [PMID: 33718213 PMCID: PMC7952866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays a critical role in gastric cancer (GC). However, the relationship between the m6A “eraser”, FTO, and ALKBH5, and the prognosis of GC still remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of FTO and ALKBH5 on the prognosis of patients and their potential roles in GC. Materials and Methods A total of 738 GC samples with clinical information obtained from two independent datasets were included and divided into training set and testing set. Differential expression analysis of the m6A “eraser” related genes was performed. The LASSO Cox regression model was constructed to analyze the m6A “eraser” related risk genes. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression model were employed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. A nomogram model was then carried out to predict the prognosis of GC patients. Additionally, GO and KEGG analyses were conducted to identify the potential role of the m6A “eraser” related genes in GC. The relative proportion of 22 different genotypes in immune infiltrating cells was calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm. Results In total, nine m6A “eraser” related risk genes and risk scores were obtained and calculated. Patients in high-risk group demonstrated significantly worse prognosis than those in low-risk group. Age, stage, and risk score were considered as independent prognostic factors. The nomogram model constructed accurately predicted the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients. Furthermore, m6A “eraser” might play a functional role in GC. The expression of m6A “eraser” leads to changes in tumor immune microenvironment. Conclusions FTO and ALKBH5 showed association with the prognosis of GC. The m6A “eraser” related genes, which is considered as a reliable prognostic and predictive tool, assists in predicting the OS in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chihao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Perera SK, Jacob S, Wilson BE, Ferlay J, Bray F, Sullivan R, Barton M. Global demand for cancer surgery and an estimate of the optimal surgical and anaesthesia workforce between 2018 and 2040: a population-based modelling study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:182-189. [PMID: 33485458 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing demand for cancer surgery has placed a global strain on health systems. In-depth analyses of the global demand for cancer surgery and optimal workforce requirements are needed to plan service provision. We estimated the global demand for cancer surgery and the requirements for an optimal surgical and anaesthesia workforce, using benchmarks based on clinical guidelines. METHODS Using models of benchmark surgical use based on clinical guidelines, we estimated the proportion of cancer cases with an indication for surgery across 183 countries, stratified by income group. These proportions were multiplied by age-adjusted national estimates of new cancer cases using GLOBOCAN 2018 data and then aggregated to obtain the estimated number of surgical procedures required globally. The numbers of cancer surgical procedures in 44 high-income countries were divided by the actual number of surgeons and anaesthetists in the respective countries to calculate cancer procedures per surgeon and anaesthetist ratios. Using the median (IQR) of these ratios as benchmarks, we developed a three-tiered optimal surgical and anaesthesia workforce matrix, and the predictions were extrapolated up to 2040. FINDINGS Our model estimates that the number of cancer cases globally with an indication for surgery will increase by 5 million procedures (52%) between 2018 (9 065 000) and 2040 (13 821 000). The greatest relative increase in surgical demand will occur in 34 low-income countries, where we also observed the largest gaps in workforce requirements. To match the median benchmark for high-income countries, the surgical workforce in these countries would need to increase by almost four times and the anaesthesia workforce by nearly 5·5 times. The greatest increase in optimal workforce requirements from 2018 to 2040 will occur in low-income countries (from 28 000 surgeons to 58 000 surgeons; 107% increase), followed by lower-middle-income countries (from 166 000 surgeons to 277 000 surgeons; 67% increase). INTERPRETATION The global demand for cancer surgery and the optimal workforce are predicted to increase over the next two decades and disproportionately affect low-income countries. These estimates provide an appropriate framework for planning the provision of surgical services for cancer worldwide. FUNDING University of New South Wales Scientia Scholarship and UK Research and Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathira Kasun Perera
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susannah Jacob
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke E Wilson
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, School of Cancer Sciences, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Michael Barton
- Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhu Y, Chen N, Chen M, Cui X, Yang H, Zhu X, Dai J, Gong Y, Gu D, Huo X, Huang H, Tang C. Circulating tumor cells: A surrogate to predict the effect of treatment and overall survival in gastric adenocarcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2021; 36:28-35. [PMID: 33499715 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820981972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells and serum tumor markers have been found significant in predicting outcome for several malignancies. However, their role in gastric cancer is not fully clarified. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells and their applicability in assessing the treatment efficacy in gastric cancers. METHODS From September 2015 to December 2018, 116 patients with newly pathologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. At both baseline and two courses after chemotherapy, the data of circulating tumor cells and serum tumor markers, such as CEA, CA72-4, CA19-9, CA50, and CA242, were collected. The relationships between the change trend of circulating tumor cells and the treatment efficacy were analyzed after chemotherapy, with a paired t-test. Univariate and multivariable analysis were used to find prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). RESULTS We found there is a significant difference between the circulating tumor cells-positive and circulating tumor cells-negative before and after therapy (mOS 12.6 vs. 31.6 months, P<0.001; mOS 12.4 vs. 24.2 months, P=0.002), respectively. Also, differentiation, pre-therapeutic circulating tumor cells and therapeutic response were independent predictors of overall survival. Following two courses of chemotherapy, the number of circulating tumor cells increased obviously in the progressive disease group (P=0.002), while they decreased in the non-progressive disease group (P=0.02). Thus, the change in the circulating tumor cells count had a close association with the therapeutic response (P=0.004). CONCLUSION Generally, circulating tumor cells provide a novel tool to evaluate the outcomes of gastric cancer patients. Since the change of circulating tumor cells was highly related to treatment response, it may be an auxiliary to assess the effect of chemotherapy, leading an earlier adjustment of following regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Department of Oncology, Langxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuancheng, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuedan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Dai
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Huo
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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78
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Xiang A, Lin X, Xu L, Chen H, Guo J, Zhou F. PCOLCE Is Potent Prognostic Biomarker and Associates With Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:544895. [PMID: 33392251 PMCID: PMC7775582 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.544895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact biological role of PCOLCE was not yet clear and there were few reports study the correlation of PCOLCE gene expression level with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Methods The expression of PCOLCE was analyzed by performing the Oncomine and Ualcan database. We evaluated the function of PCOLCE on clinical prognosis with the use of Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The relationship between PCOLCE and cancer immune in filtrates was researched by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site database. Results PCOLCE significantly upregulated in gastric cancer patients compared to normal gastric samples. And the increased expression of PCOLCE mRNA was closely linked to shorter overall survival (OS), progress-free survival (PFS) in all gastric cancers. Besides, PCOLCE expression displayed a tight correlation with infiltrating levels of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in gastric cancer. Moreover, PCOLCE expression was positively correlated with diverse immune marker sets in gastric cancer. Conclusion All the results above suggested that overexpression of PCOLCE indicated unfavorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. PCOLCE was correlated with immune infiltrating levels including those of B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in gastric cancer patients. All the findings suggested that PCOLCE could be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in gastric cancer. Additionally, PCOLCE expression potentially contributed to the regulation of monocyte, M2 macrophage, Tfh, CD8 + T cell, TAM, Th1 cell Thus PCOLCE is a potential target for gastric cancer therapy and these preliminary findings require further study to determine whether PCOLCE-targeting reagents might be developed for clinical application in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhai Xiang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvping Xu
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Chen
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ren Z, Liu X, Si Y, Yang D. Long non-coding RNA DDX11-AS1 facilitates gastric cancer progression by regulating miR-873-5p/SPC18 axis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:572-583. [PMID: 32054332 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1726937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumour with high lethality. Accruing evidence elucidates the critical adjusting role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in human cancers. DDX11 antisense RNA 1 (DDX11-AS1) was previously found to be involved in GC pathogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of DDX11-AS1 need to be further investigated. In this study, we found that DDX11-AS1 expression was up-regulated in GC tumour tissues and cells. Increased DDX11-AS1 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Functionally, knockdown of DDX11-AS1 repressed cell proliferation and clone formation, while induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. As expected, DDX11-AS1 overexpression displayed the opposite effect. Mechanically, DDX11-AS1 enhanced SPC18 expression through acting as a ceRNA for miR-873-5p. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of DDX11-AS1 silencing on malignant biological behaviour of GC cells was attenuated by either miR-873-5p inhibitor or SEC11A up-regulation. Moreover, suppression of DDX11-AS1 also decreased GC tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, DDX11-AS1 may serve as an oncogene in GC progression by sponging miR-873-5p and promoting SPC18 expression, providing a new insight into the mechanisms of DDX11-AS1 and elucidating a promising therapy target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ren
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaoran Si
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Desheng Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
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80
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Li T, Chen X, Gu M, Deng A, Qian C. Identification of the subtypes of gastric cancer based on DNA methylation and the prediction of prognosis. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:161. [PMID: 33115518 PMCID: PMC7592597 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a digestive system cancer with a high mortality rate globally. Previous experiences and studies have provided clinicians with ample evidence to diagnose and treat patients with reasonable therapeutic options. However, there remains a need for sensitive biomarkers that can provide clues for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. RESULTS We found 610 independent prognosis-related 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites (P < 0.05) among 21,121 sites in the training samples. We divided the GC samples into seven clusters based on the selected 610 sites. Cluster 6 had relatively higher methylation levels and high survival rates than the other six clusters. A prognostic risk model was constructed using the significantly altered CpG sites in cluster 6 (P < 0.05). This model could distinguish high-risk GC patients from low-risk groups efficiently with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92. Risk assessment showed that the high-risk patients had poorer prognosis than the low-risk patients. The methylation levels of the selected sites in the established model decreased as the risk scores increased. This model had been validated in testing group and its effectiveness was confirmed. Corresponding genes of the independent prognosis-associated CpGs were identified, they were enriched in several pathways such as pathways in cancer and gastric cancer. Among all of the genes, the transcript level of transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) was changed in different tumor stages, T categories, grades, and patients' survival states, and up-regulated in patients with GC compared with the normal. It was included in the pathways as pathways in cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma or gastric cancer. The methylation site located on the promoter of TGFβ2 was cg11976166. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to separate GC into different molecular subtypes based on the CpG sites using a large number of samples. We constructed an effective prognosis risk model that can identify high-risk GC patients. The key CpGs sites or their corresponding genes such as TGFβ2 identified in this research can provide new clues that will enable gastroenterologists to make diagnosis or personalized prognosis assessments and better understand this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Princeton High School, 151 Moore Street, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Mingli Gu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Anmei Deng
- Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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81
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Wang B, Xu L, Li Q, Man S, Jin C, Liu L, Zhan S, Ning Y. Endostar continuous versus intermittent intravenous infusion combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis including non-randomized studies. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1021. [PMID: 33087103 PMCID: PMC7579986 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both intermittent intravenous (IIV) infusion and continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion of Endostar are widely used for NSCLC in China. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CIV of Endostar versus IIV in combination with first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods RCTs, NRCTs and cohort studies which compared CIV of Endostar with IIV in advanced NSCLC patients and reported efficacy or safety outcomes were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects meta-analysis for short-term efficacy and safety outcomes, and hazard ratios (HRs) for survival outcomes. Results Finally nine studies involving 597 patients were included, containing two RCTs, three NRCTs and four cohort studies. For short-term efficacy, moderate quality of evidence showed that there were no significant differences between CIV of Endostar and IIV in objective response rate (ORR; RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.91–1.98, P = 0.14) and disease control rate (DCR; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94–1.30, P = 0.21). Very low quality of evidence indicated that CIV of Endostar significantly improved both overall survival (OS; HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.99, P = 0.046) and progression-free survival (PFS; HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.93, P = 0.01) compared with IIV. As for safety outcomes, moderate quality of evidence found that CIV of Endostar significantly reduced the risk of myelosuppression (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.96, P = 0.03) and cardiovascular toxicity (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06–0.78, P = 0.02) compared with IIV. Conclusions In advanced NSCLC, compared with IIV, CIV of Endostar had similar short-term efficacy, and substantially lower risk of myelosuppression and cardiovascular toxicity. Although very low quality of evidence supported the survival benefit of CIV compared with IIV, large RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed to demonstrate survival benefits. Caution should be given for off-label use of CIV of Endostar. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07527-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Sailimai Man
- Department of Epidemiology, Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Ning
- Department of Epidemiology, Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China.
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82
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Saxena N, Sethia D. Decomposition of years of life lost due to premature death (YLL): a method for spatial and temporal comparative assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:91. [PMID: 33042537 PMCID: PMC7541272 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Acceptance of Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) as a measure of health summary and progression has increased over the years, which in turn has instigated comparative analysis studies of DALY across time and geography. Thus, it is important to explore methodological underpinnings of comparative analysis. Results A crude comparison of disease burden across time or space may mislead the interpretation of the health system’s performance because the quantum and pattern of DALY can be influenced by the age structure of the society. A significant proportion of this burden is due to the Years of Life Lost (YLL) component. The paper proposes a mathematical exposition to decompose the change in YLL over time or region into burden attributed to a) population age structure, b) death rate, and c) age at death gradient. Conclusion We reasoned that the death rate and age at death burden gradient signify the real contribution of the health systems. Hence, the method of decomposition can be utilized to measure the health service progression of a region in real terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Saxena
- Department of Economics, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
| | - Deepak Sethia
- Department of Economics, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
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83
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Zhang X, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhao M, Qi X, Li G, Shen A, Yang L. Combining the Fibrinogen-to-Pre-Albumin Ratio and Prognostic Nutritional Index (FPR-PNI) Predicts the Survival in Elderly Gastric Cancer Patients After Gastrectomy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8845-8859. [PMID: 32982279 PMCID: PMC7500527 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s264199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and nutrition are important causes contributing to the progression and poor survival of gastric cancer (GC). The objective of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of the preoperative fibrinogen-to-pre-albumin ratio (FPR) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in GC patients who have undergone gastrectomy. Methods A total of 274 patients with resected pathological GC from January 2007 to December 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier and log rank tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were established to identify independent prognostic factors of 5-year survival. A predictive nomogram was used to predict prognosis of overall survival (OS), and its accuracy was determined by Harrell’s concordance index (C index). Results A high preoperative FPR-PNI score was significantly correlated with age, bigger tumor size, more lymphatic metastases and advanced TNM stage. Univariate analysis revealed that the GC patients with high FPR, low PNI and high FPR-PNI scores had shorter survival time. Multivariate analysis showed that FPR-PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS in GC patients, especially in elderly patients. In the sub-analysis by age, the FPR-PNI score could significantly increase the accuracy of prognosis compared with the FPR and PNI alone in elderly GC patients. Conclusion The preoperative FPR-PNI score is an effective independent prognostic index for GC patients after surgery, especially in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Liangchun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Cancer Research Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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84
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Demographic Profile of Gastric Cancer in Afghanistan. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:344-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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85
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Hou D, Yang L, Xiong J, Xiong L. Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection for gastric cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21619. [PMID: 32769923 PMCID: PMC7593039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kanglaite injection is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug, which is extracted from the seeds of the Chinese medicinal herb Coix lacryma-jobi, and has been widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection for the treatment of GC. METHODS We will perform the comprehensive literature search in English and Chinese electronic database from its inception to June 2020. Two trained researchers will independently select the qualified studies for data extraction and assess the quality and risk of bias. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The outcomes included overall response rate, complete response rate, 3-year progression-free survival rate, 3-year overall survival rate, and different types of treatment-related adverse events. Funnel plot analysis and Egger test will be used to assess the publication bias. Finally, the quality of evidence will be assessed by the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluate system . We will calculate the risk ratio as well as their 95% confidence intervals of these outcomes and pool the results using RevMan 5.4 software and STATA 16.0 software. RESULTS The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION The conclusion of our systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether Kanglaite injection is an effective intervention for patient with GC. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/HF679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorui Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan 411101, Hunan Province
| | - Liangjun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
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86
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Urinary 1H-NMR Metabolic Signature in Subjects Undergoing Colonoscopy for Colon Cancer Diagnosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics represents a promising non-invasive approach that can be applied to identify biochemical changes in colorectal cancer patients (CRC) and is potentially useful for diagnosis and follow-up. Despite the literature regarding metabolomics CRC-specific profiles, discrimination between metabolic changes specifically related to CRC and intra-individual variability is still a problem to be solved. This was a preliminary case-control study, in which 1H-NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to profile urine metabolites in subjects undergoing colonoscopy for colon cancer diagnosis. To reduce intra-individual variability, metabolic profiles were evaluated in participants’ urine samples, collected just before the colonoscopy and after a short-term dietary regimen required for the endoscopy procedure. Data obtained highlighted different urinary metabolic profiles between CRC and unaffected subjects (C). The metabolites altered in the CRC urine (acetoacetate, creatine, creatinine, histamine, phenylacetylglycine, and tryptophan) significantly correlated with colon cancer and discriminated with accuracy CRC patients from C patients (receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.875; 95% CI: 0.667–1). These results confirm that urinary metabolomic analysis can be a valid tool to improve CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy, representing a noninvasive approach that could precede more invasive tests.
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87
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Vargo M, Clark M, Khanna A, Christensen Holz S. Cancer Rehabilitation Medical Knowledge for Physiatry Residents: Literature Subtopic Analysis and Synthesis into Key Domains. PM R 2020; 12:829-836. [PMID: 31903708 PMCID: PMC9291840 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vargo
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Megan Clark
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Cancer Rehabilitation MedicineThe Kessler Institute for RehabilitationJackson TownshipNJ
- Department of Physical Medicine & RehabilitationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolWest OrangeNJ
| | - Sara Christensen Holz
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI
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88
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:191. [PMID: 32731872 PMCID: PMC7391520 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-treatment PLR (platelet-lymphocyte ratio) was reported to be associated with the prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), but the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of the pre-treatment PLR in gastric cancer. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify eligible publications. The hazard ratio (HR)/odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence (CI) of survival outcomes and clinicopathological parameters were calculated. RESULTS A total of 49 studies (51 cohorts), collecting data from 28,929 GC patients, were included in the final analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that the elevated pre-treatment PLR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26-1.49, p < 0.001; I2 = 79.90%, Ph < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22-1.90, p < 0.001, I2 = 88.6%, Ph < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with the elevated PLR had a higher risk of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.33, p = 0.023), serosal invasion (T3+T4) (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p = 0.003), and increased advanced stage (III+IV) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.37, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS An elevated pre-treatment PLR was a prognostic factor for poor OS and DFS and associated with poor clinicopathological parameters in GC patients.
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89
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Roy Chowdhury S, Bohara AK. Measuring the societal burden of cancer: a case of lost productivity in Nepal. Public Health 2020; 185:306-311. [PMID: 32717672 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The global patterns of cancer incidences and mortality rates are slowly shifting towards low- and middle-income countries. Through our article, we highlight the societal cost associated with premature mortality and morbidity of cancer in Nepal. The monetary loss is indicative of the severity of the issue and it serves to motivate the policymakers realize the urgency in devising appropriate cancer control strategies. STUDY DESIGN The study design is a cross-sectional study using the GLOBOCAN 2012 data. METHODS Using the human capital approach, we measure the number of years of life lost (YLL) and the number of years of productive life lost (YPLL) due to cancer in Nepal. RESULTS We found that following diagnosis, a Nepali patient with cancer is likely to lose out on 19.64 years of their life; the average number of YLL is higher for females (22.2 years vs 16.8 years in males). After adjusting for labor force participation rate and predicted growth rate of the economy, we found that cancer led to a total productivity loss of $149 million (males) and $121 million (females) in 2012. The burden of the top five cancers accounted for almost half of the total productivity loss in both the genders. Cervical and lung cancer incur the maximum cost to society, respectively, for females and males. CONCLUSIONS The article highlighted the severity of the cancer issue and emphasized the urgency needed in devising cancer control policies in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roy Chowdhury
- National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - A K Bohara
- Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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90
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High Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA SNHG15 in Cancer Tissue Samples Predicts an Unfavorable Prognosis of Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3417036. [PMID: 32733556 PMCID: PMC7378602 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3417036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the prognostic value of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) expression in cancers has been evaluated in many studies, the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the role of SNHG15 in the prognosis of different cancer patients. Materials and Methods Eligible studies were selected from PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (up to December 20, 2019). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The secondary outcome was other clinicopathological parameters (including advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastases, and gender). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to verify the analysis results. Results Eleven eligible studies were eventually included, involving 9 different types of cancer and 1,079 patients. The high expression of SNHG15 was indicative of a significantly poor OS of cancer patients (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.55–2.47, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed that the high expression of SNHG15 was associated with a significantly poor OS of patients with digestive cancer (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.38–2.66, P=0.0001), but not lung cancer (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 0.89–3.76, P=0.010). The RFS of patients with high expression of SNHG15 was shorter than that of patients with low expression of SNHG15 (HR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.46–2.83, P < 0.00001). In addition, high SNHG15 expression level was significantly correlated with later TNM stage (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.31–4.02, P < 0.00001), lymphatic metastasis (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.30–4.45, P < 0.00001), and distant metastasis (OR = 5.05, 95% CI = 2.15–11.85, P=0.0002). The TCGA verification results were consistent with those observed in our meta-analysis. Conclusion High expression of the long noncoding RNA SNHG15 in cancer tissue samples predicts an unfavorable prognosis for cancer patients. LncRNA SNHG15 can be used as an adverse prognostic biomarker for cancer patients.
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91
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Shin CI, Kim SH. Normal and Abnormal Postoperative Imaging Findings after Gastric Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery. Korean J Radiol 2020; 21:793-811. [PMID: 32524781 PMCID: PMC7289697 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the primary choice of treatment and the only potentially curative option for gastric carcinoma, and is increasingly performed laparoscopically. Gastric resection represents a challenging procedure, with a significant morbidity and non-negligible postoperative mortality. The interpretation of imaging after gastric surgery can be challenging due to significant modifications of the normal anatomy. After the surgery, the familiarity with expected imaging appearances is crucial for diagnosis and appropriate management of potentially life-threatening complications in patients who underwent gastric surgery. We review various surgical techniques used in gastric surgery and describe fluoroscopic and cross-sectional imaging appearances of normal postoperative anatomic changes as well as early and late complications after gastric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong Il Shin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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92
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Mei L, Lu Z, Shen Z, Xu S. The prognostic and diagnostic values of MicroRNA-10b in gastric cancer: A comprehensive study based on meta-analysis and TCGA database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20508. [PMID: 32501997 PMCID: PMC7306363 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic values of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) in gastric cancer (GC) based on meta-analysis and TCGA database. Relevant studies were searched in English and Chinese database and meta-analysis was conducted on Stata 12.0. The expression value of miR-10b and clinical parameters of GC patients were downloaded from TCGA database, and relevant analyses were conducted on SPSS. High expression of miR-10b was linked with unfavorable overall survival (OS) in GC (HR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.240-1.992, P < .001). However, the meta-analysis was significant for patients in early stage, but not for patients in advanced stage. The expression of miR-10b-3p was significantly lower in cancer tissue compared with adjacent tissue (P < .001). Meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was 0.652 (0.562-0.742), P = .001. Disease-free survival analysis showed increasing miR-10b-5p was correlated with worse survival outcome (HR = 2.366, 95% CI: 1.414-3.959, P = .001). In conclusion, miR-10b acts as a tumor suppressor with prognostic and diagnostic values for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mei
- Department of internal medicine, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Zhouxiang Lu
- Department of internal medicine, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Zhangguo Shen
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management & Application of Modern Agricultural Resources
| | - Sumei Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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93
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Talala K, Heinävaara S, Taari K, Tammela TLJ, Kujala P, Stenman UH, Malila N, Auvinen A. Long-term health-related quality of life among men with prostate cancer in the Finnish randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5643-5654. [PMID: 32500650 PMCID: PMC7402814 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) impacts of PCa screening have not been adequately evaluated. We aimed to compare the generic and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among men with prostate cancer in the screening arm with the control arm of the PSA‐based prostate cancer screening trial in up to 15 years of follow‐up. Materials and methods This study was conducted within population‐based Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC). During 1996‐1999 80,458 men were randomized to the serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening arm (SA, N = 32 000) and the control arm (CA, N = 48 458). Men in the screening arm were screened at 4‐year intervals until 2007. HRQOL questionnaires were delivered to newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in the screening and control arm 1996‐2006 (N = 5128) at the time of diagnosis (baseline), at 3‐month, 12‐month and 5, 10, and 15‐year follow‐up. Validated UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA‐PCI) and RAND 36‐Item Health Survey were used for HRQOL assessment. The data were analyzed with a random effects model for repeated measures. Results At baseline, men with prostate cancer in the screening arm reported better Sexual Function, as well as less Sexual and Urinary Bother. Long‐term follow‐up revealed slightly higher HRQOL scores in the screening arm in prostate cancer specific measures at 10‐year post diagnosis, but the differences were statistically significant only in Urinary Bother (UCLA‐PCI score 77.9; 95% CI 75.2 to 80.5 vs. 70.9; 95% CI 66.8 to 74.9 P = .005). The generic HRQOL scores were comparable between the trial arms. The overall differences in disease‐specific or generic HRQOL scores by trial arm did not vary during the follow‐up. Conclusion No major differences were observed in HRQOL in men with prostate cancer between the prostate cancer screening and control arms during five to 15‐year follow‐up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kujala
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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94
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Han C, Jin L, Ma X, Hao Q, Lin H, Zhang Z. Identification of the hub genes RUNX2 and FN1 in gastric cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:403-412. [PMID: 33313404 PMCID: PMC7706133 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study identified key genes in gastric cancer (GC) based on the mRNA microarray GSE19826 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and preliminarily explored the relationships among the key genes. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the GEO2R tool. The functions and pathway enrichment of the DEGs were analyzed using the Enrichr database. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were established by STRING. A lentiviral vector was constructed to silence RUNX2 expression in MGC-803 cells. The expression levels of RUNX2 and FN1 were measured. The influences of RUNX2 and FN1 on overall survival (OS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier plotter online tool. Results In total, 69 upregulated and 65 downregulated genes were identified. Based on the PPI network of the DEGs, 20 genes were considered hub genes. RUNX2 silencing significantly downregulated the FN1 expression in MGC-803 cells. High expression of RUNX2 and low expression of FN1 were associated with long survival time in diffuse, poorly differentiated, and lymph node-positive GC. Conclusion High RUNX2 and FN1 expression were associated with poor OS in patients with GC. RUNX2 can negatively regulate the secretion of FN1, and both genes may serve as promising targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huajun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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95
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Shi L, Wang Z, Geng X, Zhang Y, Xue Z. Exosomal miRNA-34 from cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibits growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8549-8564. [PMID: 32391804 PMCID: PMC7244055 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide manifesting high morbidity and mortality. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), important components of the tumor microenvironment, are essential for tumorigenesis and progression. Exosomes secreted from CAFs have been reported as the critical molecule-vehicle in intercellular crosstalk. However, the precise mechanism underlying the effect of CAFs remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of CAFs and their exosomes in the progression of GC and related mechanisms. The results revealed that miRNA-34 was downregulated in both GC fibroblasts (GCFs) and GC cell lines while the overexpression of miRNA-34 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and motility of GC cell lines. Coculturing GC cells with miRNA-34-overexpressing GCFs led to the suppression of cancer progression. Also, exosomes derived from GCFs were taken up by GC cells in vitro and in vivo and exerted antitumor roles in GC. In addition, exosomal miRNA-34 inhibited GC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, 16 genes were identified as potential downstream targeting genes of miRNA-34. Taken together, GCFs-derived exosomal miRNA-34 may be a promising targeting molecule for therapeutic strategies in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Endoscope Room, Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
- Medical College of Hebei University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiuchao Geng
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050020, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated hospital of Hebei university, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ziqing Xue
- Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
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96
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Schonfeld M, Zhao J, Komatz A, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. The polymorphism rs975484 in the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 gene modulates expression of immune checkpoint genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7126-7137. [PMID: 32245889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a key regulator of hepatic immune responses. Recently, we reported that PRMT1 regulates the tumor immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we found that PRMT1 expression in human HCC correlates with that of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, and other checkpoint genes. PRMT1 deletion in mice reduced PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in tumors and reduced the efficiency of PD-1 antibody treatment in a diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC mouse model, suggesting that PRMT1 regulates the hepatic immune checkpoint. Mice had reduced PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression when PRMT1 was specifically deleted in tumor cells or macrophages, but PRMT1 deletion in dendritic cells did not alter PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. rs975484 is a common polymorphism in the human PRMT1 gene promoter, and we found that it alters PRMT1 expression in blood monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in human HCC. PRMT1 expression was higher in individuals with a GG genotype than in individuals with a CC genotype, and heterozygous carriers had intermediate expression. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that this differential expression is due to an extra C/EBPβ-binding site in the PRMT1 promoter of individuals carrying the minor G allele. The rs975484 genotype also correlated with PRMT1 target expression in HCC. Individuals with the GG genotype had significantly higher levels of the PRMT1 targets PD-L1, PD-L2, and VISTA than those with the CC genotype. We conclude that PRMT1 critically controls immune checkpoints in mice and humans and that the PRMT1 polymorphism rs975484 affects checkpoint gene expression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018
| | - Amberly Komatz
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-1018
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97
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Johnson SE, Tasker R, Mired D, D'Cruz A, Adams C. Expanding Access to Essential Quality Services for Cancer Patients as Part of Universal Health Coverage: Reflections From the World Cancer Leaders' Summit. JCO Glob Oncol 2020; 6:500-503. [PMID: 32213096 PMCID: PMC7113129 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena Tasker
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dina Mired
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anil D'Cruz
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cary Adams
- Union for International Cancer Control, Geneva, Switzerland
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98
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we quantified the global macroeconomic burden of breast cancer to underscore the critical importance of improving access to oncologic surgical care internationally. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Breast cancer mortality in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is dramatically higher than in high-income countries. Prior to identifying solutions, however, it is important to first define the burden of disease. METHODS Data from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (2005-2015) were used to assess epidemiologic trends for 194, middle, and low-income countries. Economic burden defined by Welfare Loss (WL) was calculated by measuring disability-adjusted-life-years lost to breast cancer alongside the dollar equivalent of a value of statistical life year and as a function of each country's gross domestic product (GDP). RESULTS Annual mortality rates among breast cancer patients were significantly greater in LMICs in South Asia (3.06 per 100 women) and Sub-Saharan Africa (2.76 per 100 women), compared with high-income countries like the United States (1.69 per 100 women). From 2005-2015, mortality in South Asia increased by 8.20% and decreased by 6.45% in Sub-Saharan Africa; mortality rates in 2015 were observed as 27.9 per 100,000 in South Asia and 18.61 per 100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Countries in South Asia demonstrated the greatest rise in WL due to breast cancer, from 0.05% to 0.08% of GDP. CONCLUSIONS The burden of disease and economic impact of breast cancer is intensifying in LMICs. Global efforts to improve access to surgical care for women with breast cancer could reduce mortality and mitigate the social and financial impact of this disease in LMICs.
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99
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Ding R, Zhu D, He P, Ma Y, Chen Z, Shi X. Comorbidity in lung cancer patients and its association with medical service cost and treatment choice in China. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:250. [PMID: 32209058 PMCID: PMC7092481 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is evident that comorbidity exacerbate the complexity of the management of lung cancer, however, limited research has been conducted to investigate the impact of comorbidity on health service utilization and cost, as well as the treatment choice among lung cancer patients. We examined the association of comorbidity with medical service utilization, cost and treatment choice among lung cancer patients in China. Methods We used claims data from China Urban Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban Residents’ Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) between 2013 to 2016 and data from Hospital Information System (HIS) Database in Beijing Cancer Hospital (BCH). Elixhauser Comorbidity Index was used to assess comorbidity. Negative binomial regression, generalized linear model (GLM) with a gamma distribution and a log link, and logistic regression was applied to assess the associations between comorbidity and medical service utilization, cost and treatment choice, respectively. Results Among 8655 patients with lung cancer, 31.3% of had at least one comorbid conditions. Having comorbidity was associated with increased number of annual outpatient visits (1.6, 95%CI: 1.3, 1.9) and inpatients admissions (0.8, 95%CI, 0.70, 0.90), increased outpatient (USD635.5, 95%CI: 490.3, 780.8) and inpatient expenditure (USD2 470.3, 95CI%: 1998.6, 2941.9), as well as increased possibility of choosing radio therapy (OR: 1.208, 95%CI:1.012–1.441) and chemotherapy (1.363, 1.196–1.554), and decreased possibility of choosing surgery (0.850, 0.730–0.989). The medical utilization and expenditure, the possibility of choosing radiotherapy increases, and the possibility of choosing surgery decreases with the increasing number of chronic conditions. There are variations in the association with medical service utilization and expenditure, and treatment choice among individuals with different types of comorbid conditions. Conclusion Comorbidity among lung cancer patients restricts the potential treatment choices and poses an extra substantial health care burden. Our findings provide implications for both the clinical management and health service planning and financing for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Ding
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dawei Zhu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Ma
- China Health Insurance Research Association, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Department of Medical Insurance, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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100
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Zhao J, O'Neil M, Schonfeld M, Komatz A, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Hepatocellular Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Suppresses Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Formation by Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:790-808. [PMID: 32490317 PMCID: PMC7262284 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanisms by which alcohol promotes liver cancer are not well understood. Studies suggest that ethanol may enhance tumor progression by increasing hepatocyte proliferation and through alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the main enzyme responsible for cellular arginine methylation. Asymmetric dimethyl arginine, produced by PRMT1, is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases. PRMT1 is implicated in the development of several types of tumors and cardiovascular disease. Our previous work has shown that PRMT1 in the liver regulates hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress and protects from alcohol-induced liver injury. However, its role in HCC development remains controversial. In this study, we found that hepatocyte-specific PRMT1-knockout mice develop an increased number of tumors in an N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) alcohol model of liver tumorigenesis in mice. This effect was specific to the alcohol-related component because wild-type and knockout mice developed similar tumor numbers in the DEN model without the addition of alcohol. We found that in the presence of alcohol, the increase in tumor number was associated with increased proliferation in liver and tumor, increased WNT/β-catenin signaling, and increased inflammation. We hypothesized that increased inflammation was due to increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in knockout mice. By blocking excess nitric oxide production using an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, we reduced hepatocyte death and inflammation in the liver and prevented the increase in WNT/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and tumor number in livers of knockout mice. Conclusion: PRMT1 is an important protection factor from alcohol-induced liver injury, inflammation, and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Maura O'Neil
- Department of Pathology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Amberly Komatz
- Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS.,Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
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