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Broadley SA, Barnett MH, Boggild M, Brew BJ, Butzkueven H, Heard R, Hodgkinson S, Kermode AG, Lechner-Scott J, Macdonell RAL, Marriott M, Mason DF, Parratt J, Reddel SW, Shaw CP, Slee M, Spies J, Taylor BV, Carroll WM, Kilpatrick TJ, King J, McCombe PA, Pollard JD, Willoughby E. Therapeutic approaches to disease modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis in adults: an Australian and New Zealand perspective: part 1 historical and established therapies. MS Neurology Group of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1835-46. [PMID: 24993135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially life-changing immune mediated disease of the central nervous system. Until recently, treatment has been largely confined to acute treatment of relapses, symptomatic therapies and rehabilitation. Through persistent efforts of dedicated physicians and scientists around the globe for 160 years, a number of therapies that have an impact on the long term outcome of the disease have emerged over the past 20 years. In this three part series we review the practicalities, benefits and potential hazards of each of the currently available and emerging treatment options for MS. We pay particular attention to ways of abrogating the risks of these therapies and provide advice on the most appropriate indications for using individual therapies. In Part 1 we review the history of the development of MS therapies and its connection with the underlying immunobiology of the disease. The established therapies for MS are reviewed in detail and their current availability and indications in Australia and New Zealand are summarised. We examine the evidence to support their use in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia; Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia.
| | - Michael H Barnett
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Boggild
- Department of Neurology, The Townsville Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Department of Neurology and St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Heard
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark Marriott
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah F Mason
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John Parratt
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen W Reddel
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mark Slee
- Centre for Neuroscience and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, SA, Australia
| | - Judith Spies
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia
| | - William M Carroll
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | | | - John King
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, QLD, Australia
| | - John D Pollard
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ernest Willoughby
- Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Siddiqui AH, Zivadinov R, Benedict RHB, Karmon Y, Yu J, Hartney ML, Marr KL, Valnarov V, Kennedy CL, Ramanathan M, Ramasamy DP, Dolic K, Hojnacki DW, Carl E, Levy EI, Hopkins LN, Weinstock-Guttman B. Prospective randomized trial of venous angioplasty in MS (PREMiSe). Neurology 2014; 83:441-9. [PMID: 24975855 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with findings of extracranial venous anomalies, considered hallmarks of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), in a 2-phase study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01450072). METHODS Phase 1 was an open-label safety study (10 patients); phase 2 was sham-controlled, randomized, and double-blind (10 sham procedure, 9 treated). All study patients fulfilled venous hemodynamic screening criteria indicative of CCSVI. Assessment was at 1, 3, and 6 months postprocedure with MRI, clinical, and hemodynamic outcomes. Primary endpoints were safety at 24 hours and 1 month, venous outflow restoration >75% at 1 month, and effect of angioplasty on new lesion activity and relapse rate over 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in disability, brain volume, cognitive tests, and quality of life. RESULTS No perioperative complications were noted; however, one patient with history of syncope was diagnosed with episodic bradycardia requiring placement of a pacemaker before discharge. Doppler evidence-based venous hemodynamic insufficiency severity score (VHISS) was reduced >75% compared to baseline in phase 1 (at 1 month) but not phase 2. In phase 2, higher MRI activity (cumulative number of new contrast-enhancing lesions [19 vs 3, p = 0.062] and new T2 lesions [17 vs 3, p = 0.066]) and relapse activity (4 vs 1, p = 0.389) were identified as nonsignificant trends in the treated vs sham arm over 6 months. Using analysis of covariance, significant cumulative new T2 lesions were related to larger VHISS decrease (p = 0.028) and angioplasty (p = 0.01) over the follow-up. No differences in other endpoints were detected. CONCLUSION Venous angioplasty is not an effective treatment for MS over the short term and may exacerbate underlying disease activity. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This is a Class I study demonstrating that clinical and imaging outcomes are no better or worse in patients with MS identified with venous outflow restriction who receive venous angioplasty compared to sham controls who do not receive angioplasty. This study also includes a Class IV phase 1 study of safety in 10 patients receiving the angioplasty procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan H Siddiqui
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY.
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY.
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Yuval Karmon
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Jihnhee Yu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Mary L Hartney
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Karen L Marr
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Vesela Valnarov
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Cheryl L Kennedy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Kresimir Dolic
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - David W Hojnacki
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Ellen Carl
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Elad I Levy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - L Nelson Hopkins
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
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