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Zhang XG, Ge LL, Zhang WQ, Tang JH, Ye L, Li ZM. Expandable graphite-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer composite particles as a flame retardant of rigid polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Barikani M, Askari F, Barmar M. A Comparison of the Effect of Different Flame Retardants on the Compressive Strength and Fire Behaviour of Rigid Polyurethane Foams. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/026248931002900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of fire retardants on compressive strength and fire behaviour of rigid polyurethane foams was studied. The flame retardants studied included ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, aluminum trihydrate, borax, and expanded graphite. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) showed that ammonium polyphosphate was consistently the most effective fire retardant at all filler levels tested. The one notable exception was expanded graphite, which produced an LOI of 22.7% at a relatively low 3.2% filler content. In general, the cell size decreased, and compressive strength increased, as filler % was increased. One exception to this trend was borax, which led to a significant loss in compression strength of PU when it was added at the 15% level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Barikani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965–115, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. Askari
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965–115, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Barmar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965–115, Tehran, Iran
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Ye L, Meng XY, Ji X, Li ZM, Tang JH. Synthesis and characterization of expandable graphite–poly(methyl methacrylate) composite particles and their application to flame retardation of rigid polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thirumal M, Khastgir D, Singha NK, Manjunath BS, Naik YP. Effect of expandable graphite on the properties of intumescent flame-retardant polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Investigation on interfacial interaction of flame retarded and glass fiber reinforced PA66 composites by IGC/DSC/SEM. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Singh H, Jain AK. Ignition, combustion, toxicity, and fire retardancy of polyurethane foams: A comprehensive review. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Singh H, Jain AK, Sharma TP. Effect of phosphorus-nitrogen additives on fire retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Verdejo R, Barroso-Bujans F, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Antonio de Saja J, Lopez-Manchado MA. Functionalized graphene sheet filled silicone foam nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b718289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bian XC, Tang JH, Li ZM, Lu ZY, Lu A. Dependence of flame-retardant properties on density of expandable graphite filled rigid polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shi L, Li ZM, Xie BH, Wang JH, Tian CR, Yang MB. Flame retardancy of different-sized expandable graphite particles for high-density rigid polyurethane foams. POLYM INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Duquesne S, Lefebvre J, Seeley G, Camino G, Delobel R, Le Bras M. Vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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