51
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Liu L, Hu J, Zhuo J, Jiao C, Chen X, Li S. Synergistic flame retardant effects between hollow glass microspheres and magnesium hydroxide in ethylene-vinyl acetate composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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52
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Evidence of surface accumulation of fillers during the photo-oxidation of flame retardant ATH filled EVA used for cable applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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53
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Liu J, Yu Z, Chang H, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Luo J, Pan B, Lu C. Thermal degradation behavior and fire performance of halogen-free flame-retardant high impact polystyrene containing magnesium hydroxide and microencapsulated red phosphorus. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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54
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Xu Y, Chen M, Ning X, Chen X, Sun Z, Ma Y, Qin J, Yu J, Zhang Z, Yang L, Bo X, Chen Z. The Thermal Stability and Flammability of Expandable Graphite-Filled Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.860307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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55
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Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X, Ma Y, He W, Yu J, Zhang Z. Thermal stability and combustion behavior of flame-retardant polypropylene with thermoplastic polyurethane-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313517910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, thermoplastic polyurethane-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MTAPP) is prepared and well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). MTAPP and APP are added onto polypropylene (PP) as a novel intumescent flame-retardant system to improve the flame retardancy of PP. The flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the flame-retardant PP composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), TGA, and mechanical properties tests. The results show that MTAPP exhibits better flame retardancy and thermal stability than that of the APP in the flame-retardant PP composites. The LOI value of the PP/MTAPP composite at the same loading level is higher than that of PP/APP composite. The dripping of MTAPP system disappears compared with APP system from UL-94 test. The results of the CCT also indicate that MTAPP is an effective flame retardant in PP. The improvement may be attributed to the better charring capacity of MTAPP from TGA. Additionally, the mechanical properties of MTAPP are better than those of APP in PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidi He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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56
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Jin J, Dong QX, Shu ZJ, Wang WJ, He K. Flame Retardant Properties of Polyurethane/Expandable Praphite Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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57
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Luo W, Li Y, Zou H, Liang M. Study of different-sized sulfur-free expandable graphite on morphology and properties of water-blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05559d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, EG with different nominal particle sizes (70 μm, 430 μm and 960 μm) and different loadings from 0 to 50 pphp were considered to investigate the effect of expandable graphite on the morphology and properties of water-blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams (SPFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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58
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Tang Q, Wang B, Tang G, Shi Y, Qian X, Yu B, Song L, Hu Y. Preparation of microcapsulated ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol with glycidyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and their synergistic flame- retardancy for ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study; University of Science and Technology of China; 166 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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59
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Wang W, He K, Dong Q, Zhu N, Fan Y, Wang F, Xia Y, Li H, Wang J, Yuan Z, Wang E, Lai Z, Kong T, Wang X, Ma H, Yang M. Synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy of polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Kui He
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxiao Dong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Xia
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Erpo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Lai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Kong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute; Co., Ltd. Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Ma
- School of Materials Science and Technology; China University of Geosciences; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
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60
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Li Y, Zou J, Zhou S, Chen Y, Zou H, Liang M, Luo W. Effect of expandable graphite particle size on the flame retardant, mechanical, and thermal properties of water-blown semi-rigid polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhou Luo
- The General Design Department of SCAAT; Chengdu 610199 People's Republic of China
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61
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Laoutid F, Lorgouilloux M, Lesueur D, Bonnaud L, Dubois P. Calcium-based hydrated minerals: Promising halogen-free flame retardant and fire resistant additives for polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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62
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Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide and Expandable Graphite on the Flammability of Polyisocyanurate-Polyurethane Foams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to verify the influence of expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) fillers on the flammability of polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PIR). Limited oxygen index increased to 72.5 with an incorporation of 16 phr (parts per hundred of matrix) EG and 50 phr ATH into the matrix (total weight percent was 39.76%). Cone calorimetry was employed to study the flammability properties of these PIR/ATH/EG composites. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to study the char characteristics of the composites after the cone calorimetry tests. It was found ATH could effectively induce villi like particles, which made the intumescent char denser, on the surface of EG. The compact char layer could effectively impede the transport of bubbles and heat. ATH and EG accelerated the initial degradation and fluffy char was quickly generated on the surface. Thus, degradation products of the composite were slowed down and the diffusion of volatile combustible fragments to flame zone was delayed.
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63
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Sun Z, Ma Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Chen M, Yu J, Hu S, Zhang Z. Effect of the particle size of expandable graphite on the thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl-acetate/expandable graphite composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials; Guiyang 550014 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 People's Republic of China
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64
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The synergistic effects of boroxo siloxanes with magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/MH blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Tang G, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang B, Song L, Hu Y, Gong X. Enhancement of Flame Retardant Performance of Bio-Based Polylactic Acid Composites with the Incorporation of Aluminum Hypophosphite and Expanded Graphite. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.742835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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66
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Wei JL, Yin B, Yang MB, Feng JM. The Effects of Vinyl Acetate and Polyoxyethylene on the Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant EVA Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.659973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Wei
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Bo Yin
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Jian-Min Feng
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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67
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Zhang A, Zhang Y, Lv F, Chu PK. Synergistic effects of hydroxides and dimethyl methylphosphonate on rigid halogen-free and flame-retarding polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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68
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Bonnet J, Bounor-Legaré V, Boisson F, Melis F, Camino G, Cassagnau P. Phosphorus based organic–inorganic hybrid materials prepared by reactive processing for EVA fire retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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70
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Liu J, Zhang Y. Effect of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer on flame retardancy and properties of LLDPE/EAA/MH composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Wang B, Hu S, Zhao K, Lu H, Song L, Hu Y. Preparation of Polyurethane Microencapsulated Expandable Graphite, and Its Application in Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Containing Silica-Gel Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hefei University, 373 Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
The study explores the effects of the flame-retardant properties of nano-particles on water-based fire-retardant coatings, which include the effects on thermal stability and combustion properties. The coating used by the paper is acrylate resin (VAC), which is added with 3 basic components, including fire-retardant ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine (APP-PER-MEL), to form an itumescent fire retardant (IFR). Then the fire retardent is added with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2, MH) nano-particles, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and zinc borate (ZB) nano-powders of different concentrations, to form water-based fire-retardant coatings. By adjusting and controlling the concentration ratios of flame retardant to the 3 kinds of nano-particles with different profiles, the study analyzes the fire-retardant multiplying effect of nano-particles on water-based coatings. The nano-coatings mixed in special proportion are coated on plywood. Through thermogeavimetric analyzer (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CCT), the study inspects the thermal stability and combustion properties of water-based fire-retardant nano-coatings. The experimental results show that when the fire-retardant nano-coating composed of MH of concentration 28% and MWNT of concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the amount of residue can be increased by around 80% at combustion temperature 580°C. Besides, when the fire-retardant nano-coating composed of MH of weight concentration 28% and MWNT of weight concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the maximum heat release can be decreased by about 15%. The time required for this fire-retardant nano-coating to achieve maximum heat release is delayed by around 70 seconds when compared with other samples. Besides, the char-layered structure formed during thermal decomposition of nano-coating is more compact than the char-layered structure of water-based coating composed of the flame-retardant APP-PER-MEL components only. Therefore, nano-coatings can effectively decrease the transfer of heat and inflammable volatiles to plywood surface, and can enhance the flame retardant performance of plywood.
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74
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Jiao C, Chen X. Synergistic effects of titanium dioxide with layered double hydroxides in EVA/LDH composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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75
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Xu W. Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Rubber with Expandable Graphite/Ammonium Polyphosphate/Dipentaerythritol System. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.553168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Lu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Weijian Xu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha, P. R. China
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76
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Dispersion of graphene oxide and its flame retardancy effect on epoxy nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Synergistic effect between expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retarded polylactide. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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Alongi J, Pošković M, Frache A, Trotta F. Novel flame retardants containing cyclodextrin nanosponges and phosphorus compounds to enhance EVA combustion properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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79
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Lu C, Wang J, Chen L, Fu Q, Cai X. The effect of adjuvant on the halogen-free intumescent flame retardant ABS/PA6/SMA/APP blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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80
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Li X, Ma C, Zhao J, Li Z, Xu S, Liu Y. Preparation of magnesium hydroxide nanoplates using a bubbling setup. POWDER TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Chen X, Yu J, Lu S, Wu H, Guo S, Luo Z. Combustion Characteristics of Polypropylene/Magnesium Hydroxide/Expandable Graphite Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340903039396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolang Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- b National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials , Guiyang, China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- b National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials , Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Wu
- c State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- c State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- b National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials , Guiyang, China
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82
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Wu Q, Qu B, Sun M. Photocrosslinking of halogen-free flame-retarded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer by phosphorous-nitrogen compound NP28. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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In situ preparation and surface modification of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Lu
- a Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Tan Chen
- a Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xufu Cai
- a Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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85
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Synergistic effects and mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/MH/MWNT nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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86
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Wenguang C, Yanlei G, Qing W, Wei M. Influence of the surface modification of a filler on the properties of high-impact polystyrene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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87
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Dasari A, Yu ZZ, Mai YW, Cai G, Song H. Roles of graphite oxide, clay and POSS during the combustion of polyamide 6. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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88
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Chen L, Wang YZ. A review on flame retardant technology in China. Part I: development of flame retardants. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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89
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Song P, Liu H, Shen Y, Du B, Fang Z, Wu Y. Fabrication of dendrimer-like fullerene (C60)-decorated oligomeric intumescent flame retardant for reducing the thermal oxidation and flammability of polypropylene nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b815610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Li X, Ma GB, Liu YY. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Hydroxide Using a Bubbling Setup. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - G. B. Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Y. Y. Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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91
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Chang S, Xie T, Yang G. Interfacial modification of high impact polystyrene magnesium hydroxide composites effects on flame retardancy properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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92
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Chen X, Yu J, Guo S, Luo Z, He M. Flammability and Thermal Oxidative Degradation Kinetics of Magnesium Hydroxide and Expandable Graphite Flame Retarded Polypropylene Composites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802219042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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93
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Song P, Zhu Y, Tong L, Fang Z. C(60) reduces the flammability of polypropylene nanocomposites by in situ forming a gelled-ball network. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:225707. [PMID: 21825774 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/22/225707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and flame retardancy properties of polypropylene/fullerene (PP/C(60)) nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cone calorimetry with the C(60) loading varied from 0.5 to 2% by weight. Dispersion of C(60) in the PP matrix was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy (OM). TGA and DSC results showed that the presence of C(60) could remarkably enhance the thermal property and cone calorimeter measurements suggested that C(60) could to some extent reduce the flammability of PP, with a significant reduction in peak heat release rate and a much longer time to ignition. Furthermore, the larger the loading level of C(60), the better the flame retardancy property of PP/C(60) nanocomposites. The flame retardation mechanism and corresponding model were proposed with the help of rheological measurements, TEM and x-ray diffraction. C(60) reduced the flammability of PP by trapping free radicals in the gas phase and in situ forming a gelled-ball crosslink network to improve the flame retardancy of PP in the condensed phase. Finally, this suggested mechanism was supported by the results of advanced rheological extended systems (ARES), gel content, infrared spectrum, OM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping'an Song
- Institute of Polymer Composites, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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94
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Flammability characteristics and flame retardant mechanism of phosphate-intercalated hydrotalcite in halogen-free flame retardant EVA blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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95
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96
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Crespim H, Azevedo MFP, David LH, Cassu SN, Lourenço VL. Substituição de amianto por silicato de alumínio e grafite expansível em compósito de poliuretano utilizado em motor-foguete. POLIMEROS 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282007000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compósitos de poliuretano e amianto (liner) são utilizados como revestimento interno em paredes de motor-foguete, conferindo proteção térmica e garantindo a adesão entre o propelente e as paredes do motor. No entanto, o uso do amianto tem sido restringido devido à sua toxidade. No presente trabalho, o amianto foi substituído por um silicato de alumínio hidratado (SA) e pelo grafite expansível (GE) em diferentes teores no liner. Resultados de análise termogravimétrica (TG) mostraram que a estabilidade térmica do liner praticamente não é afetada pela substituição das cargas, embora a energia de ativação (Ea) obtida para a decomposição tenha mudado, mostrando maiores valores para as amostras contendo as cargas SA e GE. A análise termomecânica (TMA) mostrou que o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear do liner contendo SA foi menor que aquele encontrado para o liner contendo amianto. O liner contendo a carga SA também apresentou os maiores valores de tensão nos testes mecânicos de tração.
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97
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Chen X, Wu H, Luo Z, Yang B, Guo S, Yu J. Synergistic effects of expandable graphite with magnesium hydroxide on the flame retardancy and thermal properties of polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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98
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Genovese A, Shanks RA. Structural and thermal interpretation of the synergy and interactions between the fire retardants magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99
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Effects of shell thickness of polystyrene-encapsulated Mg(OH)2 on flammability and rheological properties of high-impact polystyrene composites. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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100
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Ye L, Ding P, Zhang M, Qu B. Synergistic effects of exfoliated LDH with some halogen-free flame retardants in LDPE/EVA/HFMH/LDH nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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