51
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Fuß W, Panja S, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Competing ultrafast cis-trans isomerization and ring closure of cyclohepta-1,3-diene and cyclo-octa-1,3-diene. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970500417408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Fuß
- a Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Germany
| | - S. Panja
- a Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Germany
| | - W. E. Schmid
- a Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik , Germany
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52
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Robb MA, Garavelli M, Olivucci M, Bernardi F. A Computational Strategy for Organic Photochemistry. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470125922.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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53
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Fuss W, Schmid WE, Kuttan Pushpa K, Trushin SA, Yatsuhashi T. Ultrafast relaxation and coherent oscillations in aminobenzonitriles in the gas phase probed by intense-field ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1151-69. [PMID: 17325762 DOI: 10.1039/b611877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Aminobenzonitrile derivatives have two excited states of similar energy: besides the benzene-like L(b) state (also termed "locally excited" or LE state) one with charge-transfer (CT) character that is slightly higher in the isolated molecules. The CT state can be lowered by solvents of suitable polarity, so that dual fluorescence can be observed in them. It is controversial along which coordinate this state is displaced, although the amino-group twist is a wide-spread assumption. We investigated a number of such compounds by transient ionization in the gas phase, initially exciting the higher-lying L(a) state (S(2)). Here we briefly review the previous results on 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (the prototype of this class of molecules), 4-piperidino-, pyrrolidino- and pyrrolyl-benzonitrile and compare them with new results on 4-aminobenzonitrile and on the bridged derivative N-methyl-6-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (NMC6). Although in the latter two molecules the CT state has never been detected before, we find the same relaxation path for all compounds: From S(2), the wave packet passes through a conical intersection (CI); from there part of it reaches the S(1) (L(b)) state directly, whereas another part temporarily populates the CT state (also in NMC6), from where it goes around the CI also to the L(b) well. The wave packet directly reaching the L(b) well oscillates there along coordinates involving amino-group twist and wagging or molecular arching and a quinoidal distortion. These coordinates must be components of the CI displacement vector. A vibration involving bond-length alternation of the benzene ring is ascribed to a momentum caused by the electronic symmetry change in the CI, i.e., to the nonadiabatic coupling vector. Also the CT state involves amino-group twist, as to conclude from the anisotropy of the corresponding signal. The six-membered aliphatic ring in NMC6 hinders the twist and raises the CT state to an energy that is, however, still below the L(a) state, so that it can be temporarily populated in a barrierless process. Also in aminobenzonitrile the CT state is between L(a) and L(b) and is reached from L(a) without a barrier. The twist is rationalized by vibronic interaction with a higher state that is pi-antibonding between the amino group and the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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54
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Altoè P, Bernardi F, Conti I, Garavelli M, Negri F, Orlandi G. Light driven molecular switches: exploring and tuning their photophysical and photochemical properties. Theor Chem Acc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-006-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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55
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Piechowska-Strumik K, Lauvergnat D, Bacchus-Montabonel MC, Desouter-Lecomte M. Quantum dynamics around a non planar conical intersection in vinoxy radical relaxation. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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56
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57
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Gloaguen E, Mestdagh JM, Poisson L, Lepetit F, Visticot JP, Soep B, Coroiu M, Eppink ATJB, Parker DH. Experimental Evidence for Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation in Molecules, Mediated by Diffuse States. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:16529-34. [PMID: 16305241 DOI: 10.1021/ja052269u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a mediating state for the ultrafast electronic relaxation in ethylenic-like molecules has been shown by femtosecond electron imaging techniques. This state is of Rydberg character, and its high efficiency is due to its ability to link the electron distributions of the initial and final electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gloaguen
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS-URA-2453, DSM/DRECAM/Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, C.E.A. Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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58
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Fuß W, Schmid W, Trushin S. Ultrafast photochemistry of cyclopentadiene: Competing hydrogen migration and electrocyclic ring closure. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59
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Computation of Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(05)80023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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60
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Lochbrunner S, Zissler M, Piel J, Riedle E, Spiegel A, Bach T. Real time observation of the photo-Fries rearrangement. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11634-9. [PMID: 15268197 DOI: 10.1063/1.1752885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-Fries rearrangement of 4-tert-butylphenyl acetate dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated by two-color femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy. The spectral transmission changes are characterized in the visible and ultraviolet spectral region and allow for the first time to temporally resolve the primary reaction steps. We find that the photoinduced homolytic cleavage of the CO bond occurs within 2 ps and that the geminate recombination of the generated radical pair to the intermediate substituted cyclohexadienone takes 13 ps. The experimental results support a model in which the initial reaction proceeds from the originally excited pipi(*) state via a barrier to a dissociative pisigma(*) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lochbrunner
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany.
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61
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Sorgues S, Mestdagh JM, Soep B, Visticot JP. Dynamics of excited tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene solvated by argon atoms. Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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62
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The lifetime of the perpendicular minimum of cis-stilbene observed by dissociative intense-laser field ionization. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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63
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Fuss W, Rettig W, Schmid WE, Trushin SA, Yatsuhashi T. Ultrafast temporary charge transfer in pyrrolidinyl–benzonitrile and pyrrolyl–benzonitrile in the gas phase. Faraday Discuss 2004; 127:23-33. [PMID: 15471337 DOI: 10.1039/b313691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-(N-pyrrolidinyl)benzonitrile and 4-(N-pyrrolyl)benzonitrile were excited by an ultrashort pulse at 270 nm to their La (S2) states and then probed by ionization at long wavelengths. Parent and fragment ion signals show components with time constants < 100 fs which we attribute to ultrafast relaxation to the Lb (S1) state. From this short time we infer a conical intersection between the Lb and La surfaces. The wave packet can branch there, one part going temporarily to a strongly displaced state. Its shift was concluded from an anisotropy observed only there. The only excited state known to have a large displacement is the charge-transfer (CT) state. The positive anisotropy indicates that the CT state belongs to the 2A species for both molecules. For pyrrolylbenzonitrile, this is in contrast to previous assignments. The anisotropy, and a coherent oscillation observed in pyrrolidinylbenzonitrile, support the idea that the amino-group twist is an important component of the CT reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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64
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Bhasikuttan AC, Sapre AV, Okada T. Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics from the S2 State of Malachite Green Studied with Femtosecond Upconversion Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034486s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achikanath C. Bhasikuttan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560 8531, Japan, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Avinash V. Sapre
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560 8531, Japan, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560 8531, Japan, and Radiation Chemistry and Chemical Dynamics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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65
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Zilberg S, Haas Y. Locating Electronic Degeneracies of Polyatomic Molecules: A General Method for Nonsymmetric Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022287n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zilberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Y. Haas
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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66
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Pines D, Pines E, Rettig W. Dual Fluorescence and Excited-State Structural Relaxations in Donor−Acceptor Stilbenes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Pines
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P. O. B. 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehud Pines
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P. O. B. 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rettig
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P. O. B. 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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67
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Wilsey S, Houk KN. H-vinyl conical intersections for dienes: a mechanism for the photochemical hula twists. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:616-21. [PMID: 12511041 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0616:hvcifd>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of "H-vinyl" conical intersections in a photochemical process known as the hula twist has been evaluated. The H-vinyl conical intersections of butadiene are explored with complete active space self-consistent field calculations, and proposals about the geometries involved in the hula-twist mechanism are discussed and contrasted with the conventional one-bond flip mechanism of cis-trans isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilsey
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
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68
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Liu RSH. Introduction to the symposium-in-print: photoisomerization pathways, torsional relaxation and the hula twists. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:580-3. [PMID: 12511036 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0580:ittsip>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A review of recent literature on volume-conserving cis-trans photoisomerization reaction mechanism, including hula twist, is presented. Differences between substrates trapped in amorphous solids and chromophores that are protein bound are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S H Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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69
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Ruiz DS, Cembran A, Garavelli M, Olivucci M, Fuss W. Structure of the conical intersections driving the cis-trans photoisomerization of conjugated molecules. Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:622-33. [PMID: 12511042 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0622:sotcid>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-level ab initio calculations show that the singlet photochemical cis-trans isomerization of organic molecules under isolated conditions can occur according to two distinct mechanisms. These mechanisms are characterized by the different structures of the conical intersection funnels controlling photoproduct formation. In nonpolar (e.g. hydrocarbon) polyenes the lowest-lying funnel corresponds to a (CH)3 kink with both double and adjacent single bonds twisted, which may initiate hula-twist (HT) isomerization. On the other hand, in polar conjugated systems such as protonated Schiff bases (PSB) the funnel shows a structure with just one twisted double bond. The ground-state relaxation paths departing from the funnels indicate that the HT motion may take place in nonpolar conjugated systems but also that the single-bond twist may be turned back, whereas in free conjugated polar molecules such as PSB a one-bond flip mechanism dominates from the beginning. The available experimental evidence either supports these predictions or is at least consistent with them.
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70
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71
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Cui XY, Morrison I, Han JG. A computational study of photoisomerization in Al3O3− clusters. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1484387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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72
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Fuss W, Pushpa KK, Rettig W, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Ultrafast charge transfer via a conical intersection in dimethylaminobenzonitrile. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:255-62. [PMID: 12661965 DOI: 10.1039/b111678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The L(a)-like S2 state (2A) of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile was pumped at 267 nm in the gas phase at 130 degrees C. Nonresonant multiphoton ionization at 800 nm with mass-selective detection then probed the subsequent processes. Whereas ionization at the Franck-Condon geometry only gave rise to the parent ion, fragmentation increased on motion towards the charge-transfer (CT) state. This useful difference is ascribed to a geometry-dependent resonance in the ion. The time constants found are interpreted by ultrafast (approximately 68 fs) relaxation through a conical intersection to both the CT and the L(b)-type S1 state (1B). Then the population equilibrates between these two states within 1 ps. From there the molecule relaxes within 90 ps to a lower excited state which can only be a triplet state (T(n)) and then decomposes within 300 ps. Previous experiments either investigated only 1B --> CT relaxation-which does not take place in the gas phase or nonpolar solvents for energetic reasons--or, starting from S2 excitation, typically had insufficient time resolution (>1 ps) to detect the temporary charge transfer. Only recently temporary population of the CT state was found in a nonpolar solvent (Kwok et al., J. Phys. Chem. A. 2000, 104, 4188), a result fully consistent with our mechanism. We also show that S2 --> S1 relaxation does not occur vertically but involves an intermediate strong geometrical distortion, passing through a conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
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73
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Lami A, Santoro F. Stable laser control of complex multilevel systems using a weak-intensity multicolor gaussian pulse. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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74
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Kühl A, Domcke W. Multilevel Redfield description of the dissipative dynamics at conical intersections. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1423326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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75
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Fuss W, Pushpa KK, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Ultrafast [2 + 2]-cycloaddition in norbornadiene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:60-6. [PMID: 12659150 DOI: 10.1039/b107442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excitation of norbornadiene (bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene) at 200 nm populates two states in parallel, the second pi(pi*) state and a Rydberg state. We monitored both populations by transient nonresonant ionization. From the pi(pi*) state the molecule relaxes in consecutive steps with time constants 5, 31 and 55 fs down to the ground-state surface, whereas the Rydberg population merges to the other path on the pi(pi*) surface within 420 fs. The relaxation steps are discussed in terms of conical intersections (CoIns) between different surfaces Information on them is inferred from known spectroscopy and, for the last CoIn, from published calculations on Dewar benzene-->prismane conversion and on ethylene photodimerization for which norbornadiene with its two nonconjugated double bonds is a model. The calculation predicts symmetry breaking for this CoIn, the two ethylenes forming a rhombus Although this distortion is hindered in norbornadiene by ring strain, this CoIn seems easily accessible as indicated by the short time (<55 fs) found for passing through it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741, Garching, Germany
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76
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Garavelli M, Bernardi F, Olivucci M, Bearpark MJ, Klein S, Robb MA. Product Distribution in the Photolysis of s-cis Butadiene: A Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012058l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garavelli
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
| | - Fernando Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
| | - Michael J. Bearpark
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
| | - Stephane Klein
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
| | - Michael A. Robb
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, London, Strand, London, UK WC2R 2LS, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena
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77
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Fuss W, Pushpa KK, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Ultrafast Rearrangement of Norbornene Excited at 200 nm. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011843v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany and B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus
| | - K. K. Pushpa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany and B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus
| | - W. E. Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany and B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus
| | - S. A. Trushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany and B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus
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78
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Robb MA, Olivucci M. Photochemical processes: potential energy surface topology and rationalization using VB arguments. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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79
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Quenneville J, Ben-Nun M, Martı́nez TJ. Photochemistry from first principles — advances and future prospects. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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80
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Haas Y, Zilberg S. Photochemistry by conical intersections: a practical guide for experimentalists. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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81
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Fiebig T, Stock K, Lochbrunner S, Riedle E. Femtosecond charge transfer dynamics in artificial donor/acceptor systems: switching from adiabatic to nonadiabatic regimes by small structural changes. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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82
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Fuss W, Schmid WE, Trushin SA. Ultrafast dynamics of cyclohexene and cyclohexene-d10 excited at 200 nm. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7101-8. [PMID: 11459489 DOI: 10.1021/ja004115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By exciting cyclohexene in the gas phase at 200 nm and probing it by nonresonant multiphoton ionization with mass-selective detection of the ion yields, we found four time constants tau(i) (20, 47, 43, 350 fs). Whereas deuteration lengthens tau2 by a factor of 1.4, the other constants do not change. Tau1-tau3 represent traveling times through observation windows on excited surfaces, whereas tau4 reflects a process in the hot ground state. We assign tau1 (20 fs) to departure from the Franck-Condon regions of the Rydberg and pipi* states, which are both populated at 200 nm, and tau2 (47 fs) to traveling along the pipi* surface and suggest that a [1,3]-sigmatropic H shift begins in this state. This rationalizes the deuterium effect on tau2. To explain why this window is followed by a process not subject to a D effect, we postulate that the pipi surface is crossed late (i.e., at low energy) by the zwitterionic state Z and that formation of a carbene (the known photochemical product, cyclopentylcarbene) begins there. The corresponding 1,2-shift of a CC bond is then (within tau4 = 350 fs) largely reversed on the ground-state surface, while a smaller part of the carbene forms products such as methylenecyclopentane within the same time. Carbene formation is probably accompanied by some cis-trans isomerization. The wavelength dependence of carbene formation is attributed to a memory for the initially excited state, based on momentum conservation. The processes are most likely typical of simple olefins. The fragmentation pattern showed that butadiene is not formed until at least 500 ps. The retro-Diels-Alder reaction, known to take place in the ground state, thus only occurs later.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Fuss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85741 Garching, Germany
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83
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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85
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Rettig W, Lutze S. Mechanistic considerations for the dual fluorescence of dimethylaminobenzonitrile: a fluorescence anisotropy study. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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86
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Garavelli M, Page CS, Celani P, Olivucci M, Schmid WE, Trushin SA, Fuss W. Reaction Path of a sub-200 fs Photochemical Electrocyclic Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010359p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Garavelli
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - C. S. Page
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - P. Celani
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Olivucci
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - W. E. Schmid
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - S. A. Trushin
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Fuss
- Dipartimento Chimico “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Siena, via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy, B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belarus Academy of Sciences, 220602 Minsk, Belarus, and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85740 Garching, Germany
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87
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Previtamin D conformations and the wavelength-dependent photoconversions of previtamin D. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Woywod C, Livingood WC, Frederick JH. S1–S2 vibronic coupling incis-1,3,5-hexatriene. II. Theoretical investigation of absorption and resonance Raman spectra. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1333709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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89
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From Cyanines to Styryl Bases — Photophysical Properties, Photochemical Mechanisms, and Cation Sensing Abilities of Charged and Neutral Polymethinic Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56853-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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90
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91
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92
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Mestdagh JM, Visticot JP, Elhanine M, Soep B. Prereactive evolution of monoalkenes excited in the 6 eV region. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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93
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Hofmann A, de Vivie-Riedle R. Quantum dynamics of photoexcited cyclohexadiene introducing reactive coordinates. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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94
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Rettig W, Kharlanov V, Maus M. Excited-state relaxation properties of ionic and nonionic donor–acceptor biphenyl derivatives. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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95
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96
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Rurack K, Dekhtyar ML, Bricks JL, Resch-Genger U, Rettig W. Quantum Yield Switching of Fluorescence by Selectively Bridging Single and Double Bonds in Chalcones: Involvement of Two Different Types of Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992878m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rurack
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstr. 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine
| | - Marina L. Dekhtyar
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstr. 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine
| | - Julia L. Bricks
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstr. 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstr. 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine
| | - Wolfgang Rettig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstr. 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Murmanskaya 5, 253660, Kiev-94, Ukraine
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97
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Ferretti A, Lami A, Villani G. Transition probability due to a conical intersection: On the role of the initial conditions and of the geometric setup of the crossing surfaces. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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98
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Leigh WJ, Cook BHO. Stereospecific (Conrotatory) Photochemical Ring Opening of Alkylcyclobutenes in the Gas Phase and in Solution. Ring Opening from the Rydberg Excited State or by Hot Ground State Reaction? J Org Chem 1999; 64:5256-5263. [PMID: 34237833 DOI: 10.1021/jo990618v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Bruce H. O. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
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99
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Braatz H, Hecht S, Seifert H, Helm S, Bendig J, Rettig W. Photochemistry and photophysics of donor-acceptor-polyenes. I: all-trans-4-dimethylamino-4′-cyano-1,4-diphenylbutadiene (DCB). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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100
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Jurczok M, Plaza P, Martin MM, Rettig W. Excited State Dynamics of a Julolidino Analogue of Crystal Violet: A Relaxation Path through a Conical Intersection? J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984124y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jurczok
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut für Chemie, Fachinstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Plaza
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut für Chemie, Fachinstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique M. Martin
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut für Chemie, Fachinstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rettig
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire du CNRS (UPR 3361), Bât. 210, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, and Institut für Chemie, Fachinstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bunsenstrasse 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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