Immuno-affinity solid-phase extraction

Quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: a review

1. The development of bio-analysis of drug molecules over the last 10 years is reviewed, focusing on advances in sample preparation, liquid chromatography and detection. 2. Developments have led to improvements in detection sensitivity, enhancements in specificity and increased capacity. 3. Emerging technologies such as monolithic column chromatography and miniaturized chip-based systems are discussed.

Feasibility of high-performance immunochromatography as an isolation method for PCBs and other dioxin-like compounds

A high performance immunochromatographic procedure to isolate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxin-like compounds from a sample is shown. Development of the procedure includes (i) synthesis of the hapten, binding it to the spacer arm and to the carrier protein to make the immunizing molecule; (ii) raising and purification of anti-PCB antibodies; (iii) building of the immunocolumn; (iv) selection of the binding, rinsing, and elution conditions adequate for these highly lipophilic compounds; (v) study of the influence of the concentration and volume of sample on recovery; and (vi) study of the selectivity of the immunosystem for dioxins, furans, PCBs, and several insecticides of different toxicity. Evaluation of the method is carried out by analyzing the fractions retained and nonretained in the immunocolumn by GC/MS. The immunochromatographic system that is developed shows itself to be feasible as cleanup and isolation steps carried out prior to GC/MS analyses. When compared to classical cleanup and isolation methods traditionally used for analysis of PCBs in water, the immunochromatographic method is > 20x faster and uses 100x less organic solvents, and its selectivity is enormously enhanced. Good recoveries are obtained with both kinds of methods. The immunochromatographic procedure fulfils the acceptance criteria indicated by the EPA, even for sub-parts-per-billion concentrations.