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Zavarella M, Gbemi O, Walters J. Accumulation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2006; 85:452-6. [PMID: 16632760 PMCID: PMC2220034 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to manage pain and inflammatory disorders. We hypothesized that gingival fibroblasts actively accumulate NSAIDs and enhance their levels in gingival connective tissue. Using fluorescence to monitor NSAID transport, we demonstrated that cultured gingival fibroblasts transport naproxen in a saturable, temperature-dependent manner with a K(m) of 127 mug/mL and a V(max) of 1.42 ng/min/mug protein. At steady state, the intracellular/extracellular concentration ratio was 1.9 for naproxen and 7.2 for ibuprofen. Naproxen transport was most efficient at neutral pH and was significantly enhanced upon cell treatment with TNF-alpha. In humans, systemically administered naproxen attained steady-state levels of 61.9 mug/mL in blood and 9.4 mug/g in healthy gingival connective tissue, while ibuprofen attained levels of 2.3 mug/mL and 1.5 mug/g, respectively. Thus, gingival fibroblasts possess transporters for NSAIDs that are up-regulated by an inflammatory mediator, but there is no evidence that they contribute to elevated NSAID levels in healthy gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Zavarella
- Sections of Periodontology, The Ohio State University Health Sciences Center, 305 West 12th Avenue, P.O. Box 182357, Columbus, OH 43218-2357, USA
| | - O. Gbemi
- Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University Health Sciences Center, 305 West 12th Avenue, P.O. Box 182357, Columbus, OH 43218-2357, USA
| | - J.D. Walters
- Sections of Periodontology, The Ohio State University Health Sciences Center, 305 West 12th Avenue, P.O. Box 182357, Columbus, OH 43218-2357, USA
- *corresponding author,
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52
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In vitro monitoring of nanogram levels of naproxen in human urine using flow injection chemiluminescence. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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53
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Dinç E, Ozdemir A, Aksoy H, Ustündağ O, Baleanu D. Chemometric Determination of Naproxen Sodium and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride in Tablets by HPLC. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:415-21. [PMID: 16595937 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new chemometric determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detection was implemented for the simultaneous determination of naproxen sodium and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in tablets. Three chemometric calibration techniques, classical least squares (CLS), principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) were applied to the peak area at multiwavelength PDA detector responses. The combinations of HPLC with chemometric calibration techniques were called HPLC-CLS, HPLC-PCR and HPLC-PLS. For comparison purposes the HPLC method called the classic HPLC method was used to confirm the results obtained from combined HPLC-chemometric calibration techniques. A good chromatographic separation between two drugs with losartan potassium as an internal standard was achieved using a Waters Symmetry C18 Column 5 microm 4.6+/-250 mm and a mobile phase containing 0.2 M acetate buffer and acetonitrile (v/v, 40:60). The multiwavelength PDA detection was measured at five different wavelengths. The chromatograms were recorded as a training set in the mobile phase. Three HPLC-chemometric calibrations and the classic-HPLC method were used to test the synthetic mixtures of naproxen sodium and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in the presence of the internal standard. The HPLC-chemometric approaches were applied to real samples containing drugs of interest. The experimental results obtained from HPLC-chemometric calibrations were compared with those obtained by a classic HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Turkey.
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54
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Sádecká J, Cakrt M. Effects of non-ionic surfactants on isotachophoretic separations of 2-arylpropionic acids. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1084:152-9. [PMID: 16114248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-ionic surfactant (Brij 35, Tween 20, Tween 80 and Tergitol NPX) modified capillary isotachophoresis was investigated for the separation of 2-arylpropionic acids (fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen) and benzoic acid and its derivatives (salicylic, acetylsalicylic and gallic acids). The relative step height (RSH) values of analytes were found to be dependent on the type and concentration of the surfactant. The strength of the affinity of the 2-arylpropionic acids to the non-ionic micelles was found to be as follows: flurbiprofen > fenoprofen > ibuprofen > naproxen > ketoprofen. In general, the RSH values of 2-arylpropionic acids increase with an increase in the concentration of surfactants. However, the RSHs of benzoic, salicylic and gallic acids are not considerably affected. Separation of all acids was obtained with the Tween 20 (1.5%, w/v) in the leading electrolyte 10 mmol L(-1) hydrochloric acid/L-histidine (pH 6.0). Changes in the fluorescence intensity of fenoprofen, flurbiprofen and naproxen were also investigated in micellar media (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Brij 35). The strength of the affinity of the 2-arylpropionic acids to the Tweens micelles was found to be as follows: flurbiprofen > fenoprofen > naproxen, which is consistent with the isotachophoretic results. On the contrary, the strength of the affinity to the Brij micelles was found to be as follows: fenoprofen > naproxen > flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sádecká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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55
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Kucera R, Sochor J, Klimes J, Dohnal J. Use of the zirconia-based stationary phase for separation of ibuprofen and its impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:609-18. [PMID: 15967288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 02/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method using zirconia-based stationary phase was developed for determination of ibuprofen, its related compounds and its main degradation products. The chromatographic separation was successfully achieved on the Discovery Zr-PS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm), using a mobile phase methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 4.5; 0.05 M)-tetrahydrofurane (21:74:5, v/v/v) and the flow rate 0.5 ml min(-1). The UV detection was performed in dual wavelength mode (219 and 258 nm) to detect all compounds of interest. The column temperature was set on 60 degrees C to shorten the analysis time and improve the peak symmetry. The method is simple, rapid and cuts down the amount of hazardous waste produced in the analysis. The assay is completed within 22 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kucera
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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56
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Suryanarayanan V, Zhang Y, Yoshihara S, Shirakashi T. Voltammetric Assay of Naproxen in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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57
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Chen YL, Wu SM. Capillary zone electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmaceuticals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:907-12. [PMID: 15655669 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method has been developed for analyzing seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-sulindac (SU), ketoprofen (KE), indomethacin (IN), piroxicam (PI), nimesulide (NI), ibuprofen (IB), and naproxen (NA). The separation was run using borate buffer (60 mmol L(-1), pH 8.5) containing 13% (v/v) methanol at 20 kV, and detected at 200 nm. Several conditions were studied, including concentration and pH of borate buffer, methanol percentage, and separation voltage. In method validation, the calibration plots were linear over the range 40.0-500.0 micromol L(-1). In intra-day and inter-day analysis, relative standard deviations (RSD) and relative errors (RE) were all less than 5%. The limits of detection were 10 micromol L(-1) for SU, IN, PI, and 20 micromol L(-1) for KE, NI, IB, NA (S/N = 3, sampling 6 s by pressure). All recoveries were greater than 95%. This method was applied to the quality control of six NSAIDs in pharmaceuticals using NI as internal standard (IS). The assay results were within the labeled amount required by USP 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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58
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Adhoum N, Monser L, Toumi M, Boujlel K. Determination of naproxen in pharmaceuticals by differential pulse voltammetry at a platinum electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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59
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Monser L, Darghouth F. Simultaneous determination of naproxen and related compounds by HPLC using porous graphitic carbon column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:1087-92. [PMID: 12899998 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, selective and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of naproxen and its main degradation products such as 1-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) ethanol (MNE), 2-methoxy-6-ethyl naphthalene (MEN) and 2-acetyl-6-methoxy naphthalene (AMN). The separation of these compounds was achieved on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column using tetrahydrofuran-methanol as the mobile phase, and the effluent from the column was monitored at 272 nm. At a flow rate of 1 ml min(-1), the retention time of the last eluting compound was less than 10 min. Correlation coefficient for calibration curves in the ranges 2-25 microg ml(-1) for all compounds studied were greater than 0.999. The sensitivity of detection is 0.05 microg l(-1) for naproxen, MNE and MEN and 0.20 microg ml(-1) for AMN. The reproducibility of the peak area of these compounds using isocratic elution were quite high, and the standard deviations (S.D.) were below 2% (n=5). The reproducibility of retention times of these compounds was within 1% (n=5). The proposed liquid chromatographic method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercially available naproxen sodium (NS) dosage forms with recoveries of 98.8-102%. A comparative study shows that the selectivity of these compounds on PGC column was different to that obtained with octadecyl silica (ODS) columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Monser
- Chemistry Department, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Centre Urbain Nord, B.P.No. 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunis, Tunisia.
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60
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratories, College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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Manzoori JL, Amjadi M. Spectrofluorimetric study of host-guest complexation of ibuprofen with beta-cyclodextrin and its analytical application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:909-916. [PMID: 12633708 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of host-guest complexation between beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and two forms of ibuprofen (protonated and deprotonated) were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry. 1:1 stoichiometries for both complexes were established and their association constants at different temperatures were calculated by applying a non-linear regression method to the change in the fluorescence of ibuprofen that brought about by the presence of beta-CD. The thermodynamic parameters (deltaH, deltaS and deltaG) associated with the inclusion process were also determined. Based on the obtained results, a sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of ibuprofen was developed with a linear range of 0.1-2 microg ml(-1) and a detection limit of 0.03 microg ml(-1). The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations.
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62
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De Rossi A, Desiderio C. Separation of negatively charged nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003; 984:283-90. [PMID: 12564700 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography in a 5-microm C18 fully packed capillary was employed to optimize the separation of negatively charged nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The effect of the physico-chemical parameters and different analysis modes on the separation of 2-arylpropionic acids was studied and evaluated. The mobile phase composition, buffer type, concentration and pH differently influenced the peak efficiency and resolution, selectively modulating the analytes interaction with the stationary phase. The use of zwitterionic MES or acetate mobile phases strongly modulated the analytes migration order and peak efficiency. The optimum experimental conditions were found in MES buffer, pH 5.0, containing the 75% acetonitrile-methanol (1:1). All the analytes were baseline separated in a mixture in less than 13 min with peak efficiencies in the range of 78,500-84,200 N/m. Under these conditions the analytes were negatively charged and their effective electrophoretic mobilities played a role in the separation. The analysis of different pharmaceutical preparations containing anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g. drops and tablets, is also presented after a very simple sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Rossi
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Council of Research, Rome Research Area, P.O. Box 10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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