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Kim HJ, McCoy M, Gee SJ, González-Sapienza GG, Hammock BD. Noncompetitive phage anti-immunocomplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for sensitive detection of small molecules. Anal Chem 2011; 83:246-53. [PMID: 21141939 PMCID: PMC3031424 DOI: 10.1021/ac102353z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immuno polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) is an analytical technology based on the excellent affinity and specificity of antibodies combined with the powerful signal amplification of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), providing superior sensitivity to classical immunoassays. Here we present a novel type of IPCR termed phage anti-immunocomplex assay real-time PCR (PHAIA-PCR) for the detection of small molecules. Our method utilizes a phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) technology in which a short peptide loop displayed on the surface of the M13 bacteriophage binds specifically to the antibody-analyte complex, allowing the noncompetitive detection of small analytes. The phagemid DNA encoding this peptide can be amplified by PCR, and thus, this method eliminates hapten functionalization or bioconjugation of a DNA template while providing improved sensitivity. As a proof of concept, two PHAIA-PCRs were developed for the detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a major urinary metabolite of some pyrethroid insecticides, and molinate, a herbicide implicated in fish kills. Our results demonstrate that phage DNA can be a versatile material for IPCR development, enabling universal amplification when the common element of the phagemid is targeted or specific amplification when the real time PCR probe is designed to anneal the DNA encoding the peptide. The PHAIA-PCRs proved to be 10-fold more sensitive than conventional PHAIA and significantly faster using magnetic beads for rapid separation of reactants. The assay was validated with both agricultural drain water and human urine samples, showing its robustness for rapid monitoring of human exposure or environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Mark McCoy
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Gualberto G. González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, piso 2, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Sasajima Y, Iwasaki R, Tsumoto K, Kumagai I, Ihara M, Ueda H. Expression of antibody variable region-human alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins in mammalian cells. J Immunol Methods 2010; 361:57-63. [PMID: 20692261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments and their fusion proteins are indispensable tools as immunoassay reagents in diagnostics and molecular/cellular biotechnology. However, bacterial expression of cloned antibody genes with correct tertiary structure is not always guaranteed because of the lack of proper folding machinery and/or post-translational modifications. In addition, frequently used bacterial alkaline phosphatase as a fusion partner generally shows lower specific activity than the mammalian enzyme, which hampers its wider use as a detection reagent. Here we tried to express the fusion proteins of antibody variable region(s) and secreted human placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) using mammalian cell culture. As a result, functional V(H)-SEAP and single-chain Fv-SEAP fusion proteins were successfully obtained from COS-1 cells, which was confirmed by ELISA and Western blotting. This system will be applicable to the rapid production of various antibody-enzyme fusions suitable for ELISA and open-sandwich ELISA that utilizes antigen-dependent V(H)/V(L) interaction for antigen quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Sasajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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53
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Quinton J, Charruault L, Nevers MC, Volland H, Dognon JP, Créminon C, Taran F. Toward the Limits of Sandwich Immunoassay of Very Low Molecular Weight Molecules. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2536-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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54
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Development of a noncompetitive phage anti-immunocomplex assay for brominated diphenyl ether 47. Anal Biochem 2010; 401:38-46. [PMID: 20152791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a new application of the noncompetitive phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) by converting an existing competitive assay to a versatile noncompetitive sandwich-type format using immunocomplex binding phage-borne peptides to detect the brominated flame retardant, brominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE 47). Three phage-displayed 9-mer disulfide-constrained peptides that recognize the BDE 47-polyclonal antibody immunocomplex were isolated. The resulting PHAIAs showed variable sensitivities, and the most sensitive peptide had a dose-response curve with an SC(50) (concentration of analyte producing 50% saturation of the signal) of 0.7ng/ml BDE 47 and a linear range of 0.3-2ng/ml, which was nearly identical to the best heterologous competitive format (IC(50) of 1.8ng/ml, linear range of 0.4-8.5/ml). However, the PHAIA was 1400-fold better than homologous competitive assay. The validation of the PHAIA with extracts of house furniture foam as well as human and calf sera spiked with BDE 47 showed overall recovery of 80-113%. The PHAIA was adapted to a dipstick format (limit of detection of 3.0ng/ml), and a blind test with six random extracts of local house furniture foams showed that the results of the PHAIA and dipstick assay were consistent, giving the same positive and negative detection.
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55
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Iwai H, Öztürk B, Ihara M, Ueda H. Antibody affinity maturation in vitro using unconjugated peptide antigen. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:185-93. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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56
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Ihara M, Suzuki T, Kobayashi N, Goto J, Ueda H. Open-sandwich enzyme immunoassay for one-step noncompetitive detection of corticosteroid 11-deoxycortisol. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8298-304. [PMID: 19778030 DOI: 10.1021/ac900700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A noncompetitive immunoassay has the potential for improved sensitivity and working range compared with corresponding competitive assays. However, monovalent antigens with less than 1000 in molecular weight are not susceptible to sandwich assays due to their small size. As a noncompetitive immunoassay that can be performed with a clone of an antibody, an open-sandwich immunoassay (OS-IA) based on the antigen-dependent stabilization of the antibody variable region (V(H) + V(L)) was applied to the quantification of 11-deoxycortisol (11-DC; M(r) 346.5), a corticosteroid serving as a diagnostic index for pituitary-adrenal function, as a model target hapten. By one step OS-IA detection of enzyme-labeled V(H) fragment bound to immobilized V(L) in the presence of sample in microplate wells, 11-DC was measured with a femtomolar detection limit and the working range was wider than that with corresponding competitive assay. In addition, the selectivity against analogues was found almost identical to that of conventional assays. The effect of the mutagenesis of a V(H) residue at the V(H)/V(L) interface to reduce background signal was also shown, implying the wider application of OS-IA in small molecule analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Ihara M, Yoshikawa A, Wu Y, Takahashi H, Mawatari K, Shimura K, Sato K, Kitamori T, Ueda H. Micro OS-ELISA: Rapid noncompetitive detection of a small biomarker peptide by open-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OS-ELISA) integrated into microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:92-100. [PMID: 20024056 DOI: 10.1039/b915516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel detection system that combines the merits of open-sandwich (OS) enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and a microfluidic sensor chip system, and which enables rapid and noncompetitive immunodetection of small antigens of less than 1000 in molecular weight, has been proposed. Equipped with a sensitive thermal lens microscope, a minute amount of the carboxyl-terminal peptide of human osteocalcin (BGP), a biomarker for bone metabolism, was quantified utilizing antigen-dependent stabilization of an antibody variable region (OS principle). In a short analysis time (approximately 12 min), we could attain a detection limit comparable to that of the microplate-based OS ELISA (1 microg L(-1)). In addition, the effects of several pretreatments for serum-derived samples were investigated: an albumin absorption resin, addition of a protease inhibitor cocktail and heat treatment. Each pretreatment was found to be effective. Consequently, intrinsic BGP and its fragments could be detected in healthy human serum with a superior detection limit and working range compared to those of the conventional competitive ELISA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ihara
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Shirasu N, Onodera T, Nagatomo K, Shimohigashi Y, Toko K, Matsumoto K. Noncompetitive immunodetection of benzaldehyde by open sandwich ELISA. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1095-100. [PMID: 19745536 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzaldehyde (Bz) is a typical fragrant compound for peach-flavored beverages. In the food and beverage industries there is great demand for a sensitive and easy detection system of Bz in order to ensure product quality control and to avoid contamination. For the noncompetitive detection of Bz, we applied an open-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OS-ELISA) utilizing an antigen-dependent reassociation of antibody variable region fragments, VH and VL. We cloned the VH and VL genes of an anti-Bz monoclonal antibody, and the fragments were individually expressed and purified as a bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP)-conjugated form for VH and as a thioredoxine (Trx)-fused form for VL, respectively. Using these VH and VL fragments, we successfully constructed the OS-ELISA system for Bz detection. The Bz-induced formation of a trimolecular complex composed of VH-BAP/Bz/Trx-VL was readily detected by a dose-dependent increase in the BAP activity of the VH-fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shirasu
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0935, Japan.
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Julian BA, Suzuki H, Spasovski G, Suzuki Y, Tomino Y, Novak J. Application of Proteomic Analysis to Renal Disease in the Clinic. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1023-1028. [PMID: 20057921 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Julian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Sakata T, Ihara M, Makino I, Miyahara Y, Ueda H. Open Sandwich-Based Immuno-Transistor for Label-Free and Noncompetitive Detection of Low Molecular Weight Antigen. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7532-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900457m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Bioengineering, and Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8656, and Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0044
| | - Masaki Ihara
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Bioengineering, and Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8656, and Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0044
| | - Izumi Makino
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Bioengineering, and Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8656, and Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0044
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Bioengineering, and Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8656, and Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0044
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Bioengineering, and Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-8656, and Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0044
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61
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Dong J, Ihara M, Ueda H. Antibody Fab display system that can perform open-sandwich ELISA. Anal Biochem 2009; 386:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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62
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YUN W, WANG XY, DONG P, ZHU JK, XU Y, HE PG, FANG YZ. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Human IgG with Electrochemical Polymerization-based Immobilization Method. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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63
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Kim HJ, Ahn KC, González-Techera A, González-Sapienza GG, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Magnetic bead-based phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) for the detection of the urinary biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid to assess human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Biochem 2008; 386:45-52. [PMID: 19101498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncompetitive immunoassays are advantageous over competitive assays for the detection of small molecular weight compounds. We recently demonstrated that phage peptide libraries can be an excellent source of immunoreagents that facilitate the development of sandwich-type noncompetitive immunoassays for the detection of small analytes, avoiding the technical challenges of producing anti-immunocomplex antibody. In this work we explore a new format that may help to optimize the performance of the phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) technology. As a model system we used a polyclonal antibody to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and an anti-immunocomplex phage clone bearing the cyclic peptide CFNGKDWLYC. The assay setup with the biotinylated antibody immobilized onto streptavidin-coated magnetic beads significantly reduced the amount of coating antibody giving identical sensitivity (50% saturation of the signal (SC(50))=0.2-0.4ng/ml) to the best result obtained with direct coating of the antibody on ELISA plates. The bead-based assay tolerated up to 10 and 5% of methanol and urine matrix, respectively. This assay system accurately determined the level of spiked 3-PBA in different urine samples prepared by direct dilution or clean-up with solid-phase extraction after acidic hydrolysis with overall recovery of 80-120%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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